2021年上海市高考英語試卷(春考)(解析卷)

2021年上海市高考英語試卷（1月份）參考答案與試題解析I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．（1分）A.Fresh.B.Salty.C.Tender.D.Dry.【解答】C【原文】1.M：Thebeeflooksfresh.W：ButIwouldrecommendthechickenwhichistender.Thebeefistoosaltyandnotjuicy.Q：Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthechicken？【點評】略2．（1分）A.Aluxurioustie.B.Asetofclassicworks.C.Aredscarf.D.Awallet.【解答】B【原文】2.W：Jackcontributedalotofmysurveyontheevolutionoffashion.Iwanttobuyhimapresentlikeascarforawallet.M：1heardhelikesreading.If1wereyou，Iwouldbuyhimasetofclassics.Q：WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanbuyforJack？【點評】略3．（1分）A.Inabarbershop.B.Inthecinema.C.Inthemall.D.Inthelibrary.【解答】A【原文】3.W：I'dliketohavemyhaircolored.Butyouseemuptoyourneck.M：Yes，weusuallyhavealotmorecustomersontheweekend.Pleasetakeaseat.I'mafraidyouhavetobepatient.Q：Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplacefor？【點評】略4．（1分）A.Theboystayedupallnight.B.Theboycamehometooearly.C.Theboyisforgiven.D.Theboydidn'tgohomeatnight.【解答】C【原文】4.M：Sorry，mom，Ishouldhavecomebackhomeearlier.I'llneverdoitagain.W：Let'sdropitthistime.Q：Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation？【點評】略5．（1分）A.Shewillaccompanythemanwhoasksquestions.B.Shealsodoesn'tknowthemeaningoftheterm.C.Shesympathizedwiththemanverymuch.D.Sheiswellawareofthemeaningofthenewlycoinedterm.【解答】B【原文】5.M：Alice.Ihavenoideawhatthisnewlycoinedtermmeans.W：Well，youarenotalone.Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean？【點評】略6．（1分）A.Sheneedstohurry.B.Thealarmclockdidn'tring.C.Shebrokethealarmclock.D.Sheislateforschool.【解答】A【原文】6.W：Daddidthealarmclockgooff？M：Thatwas30minutesago.Yousleptrightthroughit.Getuporyou'llbelateforschool.Q：Whatdoesthemanmean？【點評】略7．（1分）A.﹩10，000.B.￥11，000.C.￥12，000.D.﹩11，000【解答】B【原文】7.M：MayItakeanotherlookattheChinesepainting？Isitstillpriced￥10，000？W：Sorry.sir，itspricehasrisenby10%.Q：HowmuchdoestheChinesepaintingcostnow？【點評】略8．（1分）A.Hecouldn'tofferhelpbecauseofhisfootinjury.B.Hecan'tstandthenoiseoftheseboxesmoving.C.Hecan'tstandthewomancarryingtheseboxes.D.Hedoesn'twanttocarrytheboxdownfromthefifthfloor.【解答】A【原文】8.W：Movingtheseboxesuptothe5thfloorisreallybeyondme.M：Theylooksobig.Ifonlylhadn'thadmyankletwistedyesterday.Q：Whatdoesthemanimply？【點評】略9．（1分）A.Heisjustanordinaryman，notahero.B.Hewantsthewomantopublicizehisdeeds.C.Hehasalreadyfinishedfinancialaidforstudents.D.Hewantsthewomantokeepitasecret.【解答】D【原文】9.W：Whatanunsungheroyouare.Younevertoldmethatyouhavebeenfinanciallyassistingthestudentsforyears.M：Letthematterrest.It'sjustbetweenyouandme.Q：Whatdoesthemanmean？【點評】略10．（1分）A.Thewomanlikestotakeashowerbeforegoingtobed.B.Themancan'thaveashowerbeforegoingtobed.C.Hotwaterissuppliedinthehoteluntil10p.m.inwinter.D.Thehotelstillsupplieshotwaterafter10p.m.【解答】B【原文】10.M：1hopethereishotwaterinthehotelafterten.Iliketohaveashowerbeforebed，especiallyinwinter.W：Butthefrontdesksayshotwaterisavailabletill9：00pmQ：Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation？【點評】略11．（4.5分）（1）A.HaveaprofessionalenergycheckupB.UpdateallthehouseholdappliancesC.Makeado﹣it﹣yourselfhomeenergycheckupD.Findtheleaksontheoutsideofyourhome（2）A.Becauseitcanhelpyousaveenergyinahouse.B.Becauseitcanhelpyoudecidewhereshouldbeupgradedfirst.C.Becauseitcanhelpyourememberwhereyouhaveinspected.D.Becauseitcanhelpyoureducetheairleaks.（3）A.Howtochooseaprofessionalenergycheckup.B.Howtoconductthehomeenergycheckup.C.Howtomakealistofobviousairleaks.D.Howtosaveenergyinyourhome.【解答】11—13CBB【原文】Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ahomeenergycheckuphelpsdeterminewhereyourhouseislosingenergyandmoney.Whensuchproblemsarecorrectedyourhomewillbemoreenergyefficient.Whileaprofessionalenergycheckupprovidesacompletepictureofyourhome'senergyuse，adiligentselfassessmentcanalsohelpyoufindsmallproblemareas.First，makealistofobviousairleaks.Checkforindoorairleaks，suchasgapsalongtheedgeoftheflooringandjointsofthewallsandceiling.Alsochecktheleaksontheoutsideofyourhome，especiallyinareaswheretwodifferentbuildingmaterialsmeet.Finallyremembertocheckotherplacesforleaksincludingwindows，doorsandswitches.Thepotentialenergysavingsfromreducingleaksinourownmayrangefrom10%to20%peryear.Thisdo﹣it﹣yourselfhomeenergycheckupwillnotbeasthoroughasaprofessionalhomeenergyassessment，butitcanhelpyouhighlightsomeoftheeasierareastoaddress.Whenwalkingthroughyourhome，keepachecklistoftheareasyouhaveinspectedandtheproblemsyouhavefound.Thislistwillhelpyoudecidewhichenergyefficiencyupgradeshouldbegivenpriorityto.Nowlistenagain.11.Whichofthefollowingisthemostprobablewaytosaveenergyinahouse？12.Whydoesthespeakerrecommendyoutokeepachecklist？13.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout？【點評】略12．（4.5分）（1）A.Tomakepeoplerememberhim.B.Toshowhisexcellenttalent.C.Torememberthemomentsinuniversity.D.Torecallhischildhood.（2）A.Itusedsomeadvancednarrativeskills.B.Itiseasytounderstandthedeepmeaning.C.Ithasakindofbellringingquality.D.Itissuitabletorecitealoudwithexpression.（3）A.Helikestocomposepoemsatquietcorners.B.HegraduatedfromHarvardUniversityin1995.C.Hewroteonlytwopoemsinhislife.D.HehadagoodtimeatHarvard.【解答】14—16CCD【原文】Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SeamusHeaneywasawardedtheNobelprizeinliteraturein1995whenhewasteachingatHarvardUniversity.OnthedaywhenHarvardcelebrateditsthreehundredseventy﹣fifthanniversarybeforealargeaudience，herecitedhispoemcomposedin1986fortheuniversitythreehundredandfiftiethanniversary.This1986poemreliesonthepowerofrepeatingwordsandsounds.Heaneysaidinaninterview，"There'sakindofbellringingqualitytothepoem，whichmakesiteasyontheair."HerememberedwritingjusttwopoemsduringhisearlyyearsatHarvardwhenhetaughtandreadalot.Onepoemistheanniversarypoem.Andtheotherisaboutlearningthealphabetsatprimaryschool.HeaneyalsorecalledthephysicalHarvardwherehehadmanyhappymoments.Hesaid，"Istillremembertheexcitementofdrivingaroundthecampusandseeingtheoutlinesofthehouses.AndIenjoyedafewquietcornersoncampuswhereIwouldsitdownandtakeanap.ThelibraryatAdam'shouseforoneandtheWoodberrypoetryroomforanother.Thentherewastheyard.ItwastheinspirationfortheanniversarypoemandalsoaplacethatremindedmeofmyownboyhoodinthecountrysidebecauseItusedtobeacowyard."Nowlistenagain.Questions：14.ForwhatpurposedidSeamusHeamycomposehis1986poem？15.WhatisafeatureofSeamusHeaney's1986poem？16.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSeamusHeaney？【點評】略13．（6分）（1）A.Hisofficeisrichlydecorated.B.Hehasusedthisofficeforaweek.C.Hisofficeisverymodem.D.Hisofficespaceisspaciousenough.（2）A.Torecordhistripnextweek.B.Tocommunicatewithoverseasscholars.C.Tocollectcost﹣effectivewebcameras.D.Torecordthecontentsofthereportfile.（3）A.Achairthatrisesupanddownandhasarms.B.Amodemsimplechair.C.Afoldedchairwithoutahandle.D.Asecond﹣handsolidwoodchair.（4）A.Howtochooseawebcamera.B.Howtoprepareforanonlinemeetingreport.C.HowtoimproveProfessorWhite'soffice.D.HowtodecorateProfessorWhite'sOffice.【解答】17—20DBAC【原文】Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.W：Hi，professorWhite.M：Hi，Maggie.W：It'sbeenaweeksinceyouarrivedatthecity.Doyoulikeyouroffice？M：Yeah，it'sgreattohavesomuchroomandIlovetoseeyou.W：I'mgladtohearthat.Doyouneedanyequipmentorsupplies？M：Actually，thereareafewthingsI'vebeenthinkingabout.W：OK.Whatdoyouneed？M：Well，I'llgiveapresentationatanonlineconferencenextweek.Isitpossibletogetawebcameraforthecomputer？W：Noproblem.Itisalreadyatthetopofouragenda.Wewanttoencourageusingtechnologytocommunicatewithoverseasscholarsratherthanexpensivetraveling.M：Exactly.It'ssomucheasierandcheapertodothingsthatway.W：Thedepartmentchairlikestohearthatkindofthinking.Anythingelse？M：Well，IhopeI'mnotaskingtoomuch，butcanIgetanewchair？Thisoneisreallyuncomfortable.W：Ithinkthat'sanoldchair.Sorryaboutthat.Isthereaspecifickindyouwant，likeafoldingchairorarockingone？M：ljustlikeonethatrisesupanddownandhasarms.W：Sure，Igotit.M：Thanks.Nowlistenagain.Questions：17.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisoffice？18.Whydoesthemanneedawebcameraforhiscomputer？19.Whatkindofchairdoesthemanwant？20.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout？That'stheendoflisteningcomprehension.【點評】略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）WhyBeinginaBandIsCoolWhenyouwereyounger，apianolessonmayhaveruinedyourday.Carryingaflute（長笛）fromclasstoclassjustforahalf﹣hourlesson（1）mayhaveseemedpointless.Butasyouentertheadultworldsuddenlyyourealisethatknowinghowtoplayaninstrumentisprettycool.Yes，eventheflute.So，whatmakesbeinginabandsocool？Isitbecauseyougettogoonstageandplaytomillionsofadoringfans？Well，yes，butit'llbeafewyearsbeforeyourdodgyrenditionof'Twinkle，TwinkleLittleStar'startstoresembleaMozartsymphony.（2）Howevertalentedyou'vebeeninmusicit'sstillnoteasytoorganiseaband，buthere'saquickguidetogetyoustarted：（1）Findyourmembers.You'llneedadrummer，aguitarist，abassguitaristandasinger.Anyotherinstrumentsareabonus.Thisiswhere（3）playing（play）theflutecomesin，ifyoucanmakeplayingtheflutecool，youdeserveallthefameandfortuneintheworld!（2）Organiseabandpractice.Ifyouareluckyenoughtohaveabandmember（4）withadrumkitandparentswhoarehardofhearing，youcanpractiseathomeforfree.Otherwise，you'llneedtofindalocalstudio（5）which/thatcanbeexpensive.（6）Divide（divide）thecostequally，includingthecostofhiringanyequipmentsuchascymbalsforthedrummer，yourocktogether，yourolltogether!（3）Beproductive.Ifyou'repayingforastudio，thelastthingyouwantistospenditcatchingupwitheachother，someethalfanhourinadvancetogetallthechatting（7）finished（finish）.（4）Agreeonsongstolearn，andlearnthem!Eachbandmembershouldchooseasongforthewholeband（8）tolearn（learn）readyforrehearsal.Thiswillallowyoutosee（9）whatgenres（類型）workforyourgroup.（5）Startwriting.Onceyouknowwhatmusicworksforyou，startwriting!Youcandothisindividuallyorasabandbutthemostimportantthingistorespectotherpeople'ssongs.It'sveryraretofind（10）someonewhoisn'tshyaboutsharingtheirfirstfewpiecesofwriting，sobenice!Ifthatsoundslikealotofhardwork，thenyou'reright!Ifitalsosoundslikealotoffun，getstarted!Butwhatisitthatmakesallthathardworkworthit？Beinginabandteachesyoupreciouslifelessons.Itisafunwayoflearningabouthowtoshareopinionsrespectfully，becreative，becomemoreconfidentandworkasateam.Onceyoucandothatyou'llbewellonyourwaytofindingwhatitisaboutyouthatmakesyouunique，specialandcool!【答案】（1）may（2）However（3）playing（4）with（5）which/that（6）Divide（7）finished（8）tolearn（9）what（10）someone【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述如何組織一支樂隊及如何組織樂隊練習等?！窘獯稹浚?）考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：在半個小時的課上，帶著一支長笛從一節(jié)課到另一節(jié)課似乎毫無意義。此處用情態(tài)動詞may表示不確定的推測。故填may。（2）考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論你在音樂方面多么有天賦，組織一支樂隊仍然不容易，但這里有一個快速指南讓你開始。根據句意及句中形容詞talented可知，要用連詞however引導讓步狀語從句，因在句首，首字母大寫。故填However。（3）考查動名詞。句意：這就是吹笛子的由來，如果你能把吹笛子變得很酷，你就配得上世界上所有的名利!句中缺少主語，用動名詞短語playingtheflute作主語。故填playing。（4）考查介詞。句意：如果你足夠幸運，有一個帶架子鼓的樂隊成員，父母聽力不好，你可以在家里免費練習。根據句意，此處用介詞with，意為"帶有"。故填with。（5）考查定語從句。句意：否則，你需要找一家當地的工作室，這可能會很貴。先行詞alocalstudio在定語從句中作主語，指物，用關系代詞which/that引導從句。故填which/that。（6）考查祈使句。句意：平均分配成本，包括為鼓手租用任何設備的成本，比如鐃鈸，你們一起搖滾，一起打鼓!divide"分配"，祈使句中要用動詞原形，因在句首，首字母大寫。故填Divide。（7）考查過去分詞。句意：如果你付了工作室的錢，你最不想要的就是把時間花在互相聊天上，所以提前半小時見面，完成所有的聊天。此處是"getsth.done"結構，意為"讓別人做某事"，chatting與finish之間是動賓關系，用過去分詞作賓語補足語。故填finished。（8）考查動詞不定式。句意：每個樂隊成員應該為整個樂隊選擇一首歌曲，為排練做準備。根據句意，此處用動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。故填tolearn。（9）考查賓語從句。句意：這將讓你看到哪種類型適合你的團隊。genres缺少定語，用what作其定語，同時引導賓語從句。故填what。（10）考查不定代詞。句意：很少有人不羞于分享他們最初的幾篇文章，所以要友善!find是及物動詞，根據句意，此處用不定代詞someone作賓語，同時作關系代詞who的先行詞。故填someone?！军c評】在一篇200詞左右的語篇（短文或對話）中留出10處空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據上下文填寫空白處所需的內容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個單詞。要做好語法填空題，理解短文是解題的前提，扎實的詞匯、句型和語法知識是基礎，英語國家的背景知識是必要的補充?？忌氺`活運用語法知識，如單詞詞性、單詞時態(tài)、名詞單復數、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應填寫的內容。答完后，還要通讀全文，核對所填單詞形式是否正確，是否符合語境。SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．（10分）A.applaudingB.entry﹣levelC.struckD.fascinationE.back﹣seatF.stuckG.standH.promoterI.hookJ.dominantK.empoweredThenatureispartofus.Therefore，itholdsamysterious（1）Dforme.Inmymemory，thevalleywasquietandcalm，onlytoseethewheatalloverthemountainswavingtogetherinrhythmwhenthewindblewthrough，likeaballettroupe.Thesunroseeverymorningasusual，sweepingacrossthevalleyandultimatelyfallingbehindthepeaks.Thesnowthatfallsinwinteralwaysmeltsinspring，bringingnewhopetothisnaturewhereeverythingwaspleasantandbeautiful.Ledbyfate，Ihavebecameanenvironmentalistandhadthehonorofbeinginvitedtoaddressstudentsaboutmygreenlifestyleforalongtime，Thestudentsweresurprisedatmylifestyleandmaybetheythoughtmylifestylewasnolongersuitableformodernlife.Fortunately，theywerestilllistenedtowholelecture，salutingor（2）Ame—tosomeextenttheapplauseimpliedtheirencouragementtome.AsIbegantointeractwiththemunderthestage，Iwas（3）Cbykids'lackofknowledgeofnaturesothattheyhadlittleknowledgeofprotectingenvironment.Aftertheaddress，Iputupastandinthe（4）Eofferinggreenfood，hopingtheminterestedinittogetthe（5）Gexperiencingafirst﹣handfeelingofthegreenlifestylenooneshowsanyinterestin.So1decidedtoteamupwiththeconcert（6）Htorunacampaign："anyonewhocananswera（n）（7）Benvironmentalquestionisqualifiedtoattendtheconcert.Soonthemusiccan（8）Ithemcominghere".Sincethen，Ihavebeenconsideringwhykidstodaydonothavethesamedeepappreciationfornaturethat1do.Oneofthesignificantfactorsmaybethattheformerruralcivilizationhasbeenreplacedbytheurbancivilization.Inthepast，thepoorplayedthe（9）Jroleinthenature，sotheyclearedthewasteland，plantedcropsandreproducedcivilization.Withthemassiveinvasionofindustrializationandurbanization，peoplewereforcedtomoveawayfromnature.Thestrugglebetweentraditionandmodernity，theconfrontationbetweenhumansandnaturehasledpeopletobelievethattheyarethemastersoftheuniverse.Isthisreallythecase？Itistimetothinkaboutwho（10）Kustodestroynature.【答案】DACEGHBIJK【分析】本文為記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者參與環(huán)境保護活動的經過?！窘獯稹浚?）考查名詞。句意：因此，它對我有一種神秘的吸引力。根據句子結構分析，此處應該填入名詞。而且結合下文中的景色描寫以及whereeverythingwaspleasantandbeautiful可知這里使用名詞fascination，意為"吸引力"，這是不可數名詞。故選D。（2）考查動詞的現在分詞。句意：幸運的是，他們仍然聽了整個講座，在某種程度上向我致敬或鼓掌。根據句子結構分析，此處or連接兩個動詞，應該填入動詞的現在分詞形式。而且根據下文tosomeextenttheapplauseimpliedtheirencouragementtome的提示，可知，此處使用動詞"鼓掌"（applauding）的現在分詞。故選A。（3）考場固定搭配。句意：被孩子們缺乏保護自然的知識所震驚。根據句子結構分析，此處為被動語態(tài)，需要填入動詞的過去分詞形式。而且根據上文可知作者是一個環(huán)保主義者，又根據下文theyhadlittleknowledgeofprotectingenvironment提示，此處使用短語bestruckby被...所侵襲；被...所觸動；被...所迷惑，故選C。（4）考查名詞。句意：演講結束后，我在后座設立了一個展臺。結合上文可知，作者做了一場關于環(huán)保的演講，而且根據句子結構分析，此處應該填入名詞，故可推測，作者是在演講場地設置的攤位，故此處使用名詞，后座（back﹣seat）。故選E。（5）考查名詞。句意：希望對它感興趣的學生能夠在展臺上親身體驗。結合上文作者設置了一個展臺，可知此處講述的還是同一件事情，故可推知，此處使用名詞，展臺（stand）。故選G。（6）考查名詞。句意：我決定與音樂會發(fā)起人合作開展一項活動。根據文章分析，此處應該是音樂會的相關負責人與作者一起舉辦了活動，故可推知此處使用名詞，發(fā)起人（promoter）。故選H。（7）考查形容詞。句意：任何能回答入門級環(huán)境問題的人都有資格參加音樂會。根據句子結構分析，此處應該填入修飾詞，及對環(huán)境問題的修飾詞，故此處使用形容詞，入門級（entry﹣level），修飾environmentalquestion。故選B。（8）考查動詞。句意：很快音樂就把他們吸引到這里來了。根據句子結構分析，此處缺少動詞，而且根據上文提及的音樂會活動可知，此處使用動詞，吸引（hook）。故選I。（9）考查動詞。句意：在過去，窮人在大自然中起著主導作用。根據固定搭配可知，此處應填入一個形容詞，而且根據上一句Theonceruralcivilizationhasbeenreplacedbytheurbancivilization可知，此處使用形容詞dominant，意為"主導的"。故選J。（10）考查動詞。句意：是時候想想是誰賦予了我們破壞自然的力量了。根據句子結構分析可知，此處為定語從句，定語從句中缺少謂語動，而且結合上文作者提及的工業(yè)化和城市化帶來的變化，可推知，此處使用動詞empowered，意為"授權"。故選K?！军c評】選詞填空的解題思路分為題干分析和選項分析。首先是題干分析。分析的原則是將題干空缺處的句意概括出來。一般概括的方式是先上下文找提示詞或者提示句，然后用提示詞句來推測空缺的含義。其次是選項分析。選項分析過程中，可以借助概括出來的空缺含義進行對照，符合空缺含義的選項先保留，不符合的排除，最后進行詞語的辨析。在剩下的均符合的選項中，去辨析一下詞語的含義側重，語義輕重和感情色彩等，去選擇相對最符合題干的選項。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．（15分）ThemiseryofmybikecommuteinCalgary，Alberta，istherivervalleyhill.It'snotparticularlysteep，butataboutamilelong，Irarelyclimbedupwithoutarrivingwithsweat.Studieshaveshowntheprospectofarrivingatworksweatyisoneofthebiggest（1）Ctogettingwould﹣bebikecommutersoutoftheircars.That'sespeciallytrueinacitylikeLosAngeles，where（2）Amayfacelongroutes，hillsorhotstreetswithalackofshade."Pedelec"，orpedalelectric﹣assistedbikesliketheoneIrode，canendthatworry.Theylookandactliketraditionalbicycles，buttheirmotorsmakepedalingmucheasierwhenrequired.Sometimescalledthemostenergy﹣efficientmotorizedmodeoftransportationeverbuilt，they'realsoincrediblygreen.Thebiggestbarriermaybetheoutdatedattitudethatseesbikesonlyasarecreationalathleticopportunityratherthanapractical（3）Doption.AtatimewhencitiesacrossNorthAmericaarestrugglingtocombatcripplingtrafficandreduceclimateemissions，e﹣bikeshavethe（4）Btoeasebothproblems.Andyetridershiphasyettotruly（5）DAbout152，0000e﹣bikesweresoldlastyearintheU.S.，afigurethatwouldbemorethan5millionifAmericansusedthematthesamerateaswesternEuropeans.Manyofthebarrierstoe﹣bike（6）BinNorthAmericaarelegislative.Patchworkrulestreate﹣bikesmorelikemopedsthantraditionalpedalbikesinsomejurisdictions，meaningtheyare（7）Cfrombikelanesandfromboardingpublictransportation.Fewplacesonthecontinent，（8）A，arebetterpoisedtobreakthroughthesebarriersthanCalifornia.Legislationwasapprovedlastyeartoencouragee﹣bikeuse，bylegallydifferentiatingthecyclesfrommopeds.Inanattempttoheadoffworriesaboutturbochargedmachinesflyingdownsidewalksandbikelanesatunsafespeeds，thelawclassifiesbikesintodifferenttiersto（9）Clower﹣speede﹣bikes，whichtopoutat20mph，fromfaster﹣moving"speedpedelecs"，whicharerestrictedfromprotectedbikepaths.Amidtheselegislative（10）B，e﹣bikeshavebecomemoreaccessibletoconsumer.Findingtheminbikeshopsisn'tas（11）Dasitoncewas，andtheircosthasfallenasthepriceoflithium﹣ionbatterieshasdropped.Today，adecente﹣bike，whilestill（12）A，iscomparableinpricetoahigh﹣endmountainbike.Afteryearsof（13）Bovermixingpedalandmotorpower，cyclingadvocacyorganizationsalsoarefinallythrowingtheirsupportbehinde﹣bikes.DaveSnyder，theexecutivedirectoroftheCaliforniaBicycleCoalition，（14）Athestate'snewlegislationbasedpartlyonthe（15）Dthate﹣bikeshelpoutthosewho"justcan'trideasfarorasfastastheyneedto".（1）A.advantagesB.processesC.barriersD.complements（2）A.ridersB.buildersC.customersD.volunteers（3）A.productionB.communicationC.facilitiesD.transportation（4）A.routineB.potentialC.temporaryD.major（5）A.makeofB.carryonC.bringupD.takeoff（6）A.adaptationB.adoptionC.adjustmentD.justification（7）A.provedB.alertedC.bannedD.authorized（8）A.howeverB.unlessC.meanwhileD.anyway（9）A.originateB.combineC.separateD.satisfy（10）A.factorsB.benefitsC.limitsD.damages（11）A.properB.criticalC.sensationalD.difficult（12）A.expensiveB.distinctiveC.sensitiveD.intensive（13）A.troubleB.concernC.powerD.scale（14）A.favoredB.foldedC.referredD.gifted（15）A.appealB.addressC.amountD.advocate【答案】CADBDBCACBDABAD【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了電動助力自行車（e﹣bikes）在解決交通擁堵和減少氣候排放方面的潛力，以及在北美地區(qū)推廣e﹣bikes所面臨的障礙。短文提到，e﹣bikes可以解決騎行者擔心到達目的地會出汗的問題，因為它們的電動機可以在需要時提供輔助騎行。然而，e﹣bikes在北美地區(qū)的普及受到了立法的限制，一些地區(qū)將其視為摩托車而不是傳統(tǒng)自行車，限制了它們在自行車道和公共交通工具上的使用。加州通過了法律來鼓勵e﹣bike的使用，并將其與摩托車區(qū)分開來。此外，e﹣bikes在價格上也更加親民，現在可以與高端山地自行車相媲美。最后，自行車倡導組織也開始支持e﹣bikes，認為它們可以幫助那些無法騎行得太遠或太快的人?！窘獯稹浚?）考查名詞與語境理解。A.advantages優(yōu)勢；B.processes進程；C.barriers障礙；D.complements補充。句意：研究表明，汗流浹背地上班是讓想騎車上下班的人下車的最大障礙之一。根據前一句可知，在阿爾伯塔省卡爾加里騎自行車上下班的痛苦之處是要經過很陡的河谷山，所以汗流浹背地上班是讓想騎車上下班的人下車的最大障礙之一。故選C。（2）考查名詞與語境理解。A.riders騎車者；B.builders施工人員；C.customers客戶；D.volunteers志愿者。句意：在洛杉磯這樣的城市尤其如此，在那里，騎車者可能要面對漫長的路線、山丘或炎熱的街道，而且沒有樹蔭。該空所在處是非限定性定語從句的主語，此處指"騎行者"。故選A。（3）考查名詞與語境理解。A.production生產；B.communication交流；C.facilities設施；D.transportation交通。句意：最大的障礙可能是過時的態(tài)度，認為自行車只是一種娛樂運動的機會，而不是一種實用的交通選擇。根據句意可知，該空指的是騎自行車是一種交通選擇。故選D。（4）考查名詞與語境理解。A.routine常規(guī)；B.potential可能性；C.temporary臨時工；D.major專業(yè)。句意：在北美各城市都在努力應對交通擁堵和減少氣候排放的時候，電動自行車有可能緩解這兩個問題。根據空前句可知，自行車有緩解交通擁堵和減少氣候排放的可能。故選B。（5）考查動詞短語與語境理解。A.makeof理解；B.carryon繼續(xù)；C.bringup撫養(yǎng)；D.takeoff騰飛。句意：然而，乘客數量尚未真正騰飛。根據后文的"去年，美國售出了大約15.2萬輛電動自行車，如果美國人的使用速度和西歐人一樣，這個數字將超過500萬輛。"可知，銷售數量還沒有騰飛。選D。（6）考查名詞與語境理解。A.adaptation改編；B.adoption采用；C.adjustment調整；D.justification正當理由。句意：在北美，電動自行車普及的許多障礙都是立法方面。根據句意可知，該空指的是：采用電動自行車作為交通工具，即普及電動自行車的障礙來自立法方面。故選B。（7）考查動詞與語境理解。A.proved證明；B.alerted使警覺；C.banned禁止；D.authorized授權。句意：在一些司法管轄區(qū)，相關規(guī)定將電動自行車更像助力車，而不是傳統(tǒng)的腳踏自行車，這意味著它們被禁止進入自行車道，也不能登上公共交通工具。根據空后的"也不能登上公共交通工具"可知，該空意思是"禁止"。故選C。（8）考查副詞與語境理解。A.however然而；B.unless除非；C.meanwhile與此同時；D.anyway不管怎樣。句意：然而，在歐洲大陸上，沒有幾個地方比加州更有能力突破這些障礙。根據后文可知，加州突破了這一禁止，該空表示前后文意思的轉折。故選A。（9）考查動詞與語境理解。A.originate起源；B.combine組合；C.separate區(qū)分；D.satisfy使?jié)M意。句意：為了消除人們對渦輪增壓發(fā)動機以不安全的速度在人行道和自行車道上飛馳的擔憂，該法律將自行車分為不同的等級，以區(qū)分低速電動自行車（最高時速為20英里）和速度更快的"速度自行車"（限速為20英里/小時），后者被限制在受保護的自行車道上。根據該空上下文意思可知，該空意思是"區(qū)分"。故選C。（10）考查名詞與語境理解。A.factors因素；B.benefits益處；C.limits范圍；D.damages損害。句意：在這些立法上的好處中，消費者更容易獲得電動自行車。根據空后的"消費者更容易獲得電動自行車"可知，該空意思是"好處，益處"。故選B。（11）考查形容詞與語境理解。A.proper合適的；B.critical批判的；C.sensational激動人心的；D.difficult困難的。句意：在自行車店里找到電動自行車并不像以前那么困難，而且隨著鋰離子電池價格的下降，電動自行車的成本也在下降。該句含notas…as…，表示比較，結合句意可知，該空意思是"困難"。故選D。（12）考查形容詞與語境理解。A.expensive昂貴的；B.distinctive獨特的；C.sensitive過敏的；D.intensive加強的。句意：如今，一輛像樣的電動自行車雖然仍然很貴，但價格與一輛高端山地車相當。該句是while引導的讓步主語從句，根據空后意思可推測，意思是"貴的"。故選A。（13）考查名詞與語境理解。A.trouble困難；B.concern擔心；C.power權力；D.scale規(guī)模。句意：多年來，人們一直對踏板和馬達的混合動力感到擔憂，如今，倡導騎自行車的組織終于開始支持電動自行車。根據句意，該空處意思是"擔心"。故選B。（14）考查動詞與語境理解。A.favored支持；B.folded折疊；C.referred參考；D.gifted贈送。句意：加州自行車聯(lián)盟的執(zhí)行董事戴夫?斯奈德支持該州的新立法，部分原因是有人主張，電動自行車可以幫助那些"騎得不夠遠或不夠快"的人。根據空后文可知，戴夫?斯奈德持支持態(tài)度。故選A。（15）考查名詞與語境理解。A.appeal呼吁；B.address地址；C.amount數量；D.advocate倡導。句意：加州自行車聯(lián)盟的執(zhí)行董事戴夫?斯奈德支持該州的新立法，部分原因是有人主張，電動自行車可以幫助那些"騎得不夠遠或不夠快"的人。該空位于介詞on后，應該是名詞，其后是that引導的同位語從句，該空表達的是"基于這個倡導上"。故選D?！军c評】完形填空所涉及的內容廣泛，考查的知識點難度在逐漸提高。要做好此類題，首先要通讀全文，初步了解文章大意；然后結合選項，再讀文章，考慮上下文句意的銜接，結合語法、句法、詞法，做到語義通順，初步確定選項；完成初步填后，再通讀文章，檢查文章是否通順流暢，用詞是否得當，意思是否完整。SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，candD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．（8分）Amongallthedifferenttypesofjourneythatpeopleundertaketherearealsothoseofaspiritualnature.Someofthetripswedoinourlivesarepurelyforpleasure，somearemeanttomakeusstronger，sometimeswetraveltoexploreandlearn，andinalloftheseundertakingswegrowandbecomewiser.Thereisalotwecanlearnfromthelandthatsurroundsusandthebestwaytoacquirethatknowledgeisbytravelingandexperiencing.Thisancientaboriginalinitiationritualinvolvesexactlythis：alongspiritualhikeacrosstheindigenousland.Althoughwidelyknownas"Walkabout，"inlateryearstheritualhasbeenreferredtoas"temporarymobility，"becausetheformerisoftenusedasaderogatoryterminAustralianculture.AyoungmanonWalkaboutHistoricallyspeaking，thewalkaboutisariteofpassageinwhichyoung（adolescent）AboriginalAustraliansundertakeajourneythatwillhelp"transform"themintoadults.Thejourneyisusuallymadebetweentheagesof10and16.Duringthisjourneywhichcanlastforuptosixmonths，theindividualisrequiredtoliveandsurviveallaloneinthewilderness.Thisisnotaneasythingtodo，especiallynotforteenagers.Thatiswhyonlythosewhohaveproventhemselvesmentallyandphysicallyreadyareallowedtoproceedwiththewalkabout.Onlytheeldersofthegroupdecidewhetheritistimeornotforthechildtodoit.Thechildrenarenotcompletelyunpreparedforthejourney.Duringtheyearsbeforethewalkabout，theeldersinstructthemandgivethemadviceabouttheceremonyandadultlifeingeneral；theyhavebeenpassedthe"secrets"ofthetribe，theknowledgeabouttheirworld.AboriginalwomanThosewhoareinitiatedinthewalkaboutarealsodecoratedwithbodypaintandornaments.Sometimestheyaremarkedwithapermanentsymbolontheirbodies.Insomecases，atoothisremovedfromthemouth，orthenoseorearsoftheinitiatedarepierced.Traditionalwalkaboutclothesincludeonlyasimpleloinclothandnothingmore.Duringawalkabout，ayoungpersoncansometimestraveladistanceofovera1，000miles.Inordertosurvivethislonghike，theparticipantinthewalkaboutmustbeabletomaketheirownshelterandmustbecapableofprocuringfoodandwaterforthemselves.Thatmeansheneedstohunt，catchfish，andalsorecognizeandutilizeedibleandhealingplants.Theinitiatedyoungstermustlearntoidentifyplantssuchasbushtomatoes，Illawarraplums，quandongs，lilly﹣pillies，Muntariberries，wattleseeds，Kakaduplums，andbunyanuts.（1）Whatcanbereferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage？BA.Australianslike