2024-2025學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第十單元語(yǔ)法知識(shí)素材新版人教新目標(biāo)版

PAGEPAGE1語(yǔ)法單詞語(yǔ)法if

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.

if

意為“假如”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可放在主句前面，也可放在主句后面。若if條件句放在句首，從句后面要加逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。Ifyougothere,I'llgo,too.假如你去那兒，我也會(huì)去。Mymotherwilltakemetotheparkifsheisfree.假如我媽媽有空，她就會(huì)帶我去公園。2.

時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用：在含有if

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句為下列情形之一的，條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(1)

主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，即遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則。Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.假如他來(lái)，就會(huì)帶上他的小提琴。(2)

主句是含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，如may/might/can/must/should在含有if

引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，即遵循“主情從現(xiàn)”的原則。。Ifyouwanttoloseweight,youmusteatlessbread.Youcangetgoodgradesifyoustudyhard.假如你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你可以取得好成果。Ifyoudrivetoofast,youmayhaveanaccident.假如你超速駕駛，就可能會(huì)出交通事故。假如你想減肥，就必需少吃面包。(3)

主句是祈使句。Ifyouarenotstrongenough,pleasedon'ttakepartinsuchanactivity.假如你不是很健壯，請(qǐng)不要參與這種活動(dòng)。3.

句型轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)

借助“祈使句+and/or+陳述句（一般將來(lái)時(shí)）”這一句型來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換。其中，在句意上and表示順承；or表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“否則”。Ifyouworkhard,you'llpasstheexameasily.=Workhard,andyou'llpasstheexameasily.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將很簡(jiǎn)單通過(guò)考試。(2)

借助without或with來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Ifthereisnoairorwater,peoplecan'tlive.=Peoplecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.假如沒(méi)有空氣和水，人們將無(wú)法生存。Ifyouhelpme,I'llfinishtheworksoon.=Withyourhelp,I'llfinishtheworksoon.假如你幫助我，我將很快完成工作。連詞unless的用法例句：Butunlesshecanhidehistail,hecannotturnhimselfintoaman.語(yǔ)法講解：1.unless用作連詞，意為“除非；假如不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句或謂語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例如：Themilkwillgobadquicklyinsummerunlessyouputitinafridge.除非你把牛奶放在冰箱里，否則在夏天它很快就會(huì)變質(zhì)。Don'ttouchtheinstrumentsunlesstheteacherallowsyou.除非老師允許，不要亂動(dòng)儀器。Wecan'tunderstandthediseaseunlesswefirstunderstandthepersonwhohasthedisease.除非我們先了解患這種疾病的人，否則我們將無(wú)法了解這個(gè)疾病。2.unless可與if...not引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Iwillgothereunlessitrains.=Iwillgothereifitdoesn'train.假如不下雨，我就去那兒。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法1.should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，后接動(dòng)詞原形，無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的改變。常用來(lái)表示征詢(xún)看法、建議、勸說(shuō)、要求和義務(wù)等。(1)should用于表達(dá)義務(wù)或責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Asstudents,weshouldfollowtheschoolrules.作為學(xué)生，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)章制度。(2)should用于表達(dá)建議或勸說(shuō)，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Youshouldgiveupsmoking.你應(yīng)當(dāng)戒煙。(3)should用于表達(dá)推斷，意為“可能，應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Theyshouldbetherebynow,Ithink.我想他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)搅恕?4)should用于表達(dá)要求或吩咐。Youshouldn'ttalkloudlyinclass.你不許在課堂上大聲講話(huà)。(5)should用于表達(dá)意外或驚異，意為“竟然”。Iamsurprisedthatheshouldsayso.他竟然這樣說(shuō)，這使我很驚異。2.

基本句式動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的確定形式是“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，否定形式為“notto+動(dòng)詞原形”。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的改變，在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)。句法功能：1.作賓語(yǔ)：ask/wish/hope/want/expect/need/help/learn/promise/agree/prepare+todosth.

如：Shepromisedtocome.

Tomneedstobuysomebananas.2.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：ask/tell/want/advise/allow/invite/warn+pron./n.

+

todosth.

如：Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.

Thedoctoradviseshimtorest.

Theteacherhelpedstudentstosolvesomeproblems.留意：以下兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要省略to。(1)使役動(dòng)詞：make/let/have如：

Don'tmakeherthinkaboutit.(2)感官動(dòng)詞：see/notice/watch/observe/hear/feel如：Ioftenseetheoldwomanwalk

herdoginthepark.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)通常表示將要做的行為或一次性的行為。例如：Mydreamistobeateacher.我的幻想是成為一名老師。Hiswishistobeapoliceman.他的愿望是成為一名警察。單詞Advice/advise1.

advice

n.

看法，建議；忠告，勸說(shuō)advice為不行數(shù)名詞，常用piece這樣的量詞來(lái)修飾。Thisisagoodpieceofadvice.這是一個(gè)好的建議。adviceon/aboutsth./doingsth.關(guān)于……的建議/看法Ineedsomeadviceaboutmycomputer.我須要一點(diǎn)有關(guān)我的電腦的看法。onsb’sadvice

聽(tīng)從某人的建議Onherdoctor’sadvice,Mrs.

Smithdecidedtotakeearlyretirement.Mrs.

Smith聽(tīng)從她醫(yī)生的建議，確定提前退休。常用詞組搭配：givesb.someadvice給某人一些建議getsomeadvice

獲得建議asksb'sadvice

征求某人的建議take/follow/acceptsb’sadvice

接受/聽(tīng)從某人的看法go/turntosb.foradvice向某人求教2.

advise

v.

勸說(shuō)，忠告；建議advise(sb.)onsth.

或

advise(sb.)

about(doing)sth.

關(guān)于……給某人忠告/建議；(向……)供應(yīng)(專(zhuān)業(yè)的)建議Weemployedanexperttoadviseonnewtechnology.我們聘用了一位專(zhuān)家擔(dān)當(dāng)新技術(shù)顧問(wèn)。advise(sb.)against(doing)sth.

勸說(shuō)/建議不做（避開(kāi)）某事I’dadviseyouagainstsayinganythingtothepress.我建議你對(duì)新聞界保持緘默。advisesb.todosth.

建議某人做某事EvansadvisedhimtoleaveLondon.Evans勸他離開(kāi)倫敦。advise+that從句表示“建議……”

that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)do的形式。Theyadvisethatyou(should)carryyourpassportatalltimes.他們建議你要隨身帶著護(hù)照。Understand/understandingunderstand

v.

（不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)）1.

懂得；理解；明白Shedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.她不懂英語(yǔ)。Iamsorry,Idon’tunderstand.Canyouexplainthatagain?對(duì)不起，我不明白。你能再說(shuō)明一下嗎？makeoneselfunderstood

清晰表達(dá)自己的意思；被別人理解I’mnotverygoodatGerman,butIcanmakemyselfunderstood.我德語(yǔ)不是太好，不過(guò)我能說(shuō)清晰自己的意思。2.

（尤指通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)）了解，知道Doctorsstilldon'tunderstandmuchaboutthedisease.醫(yī)生對(duì)這種疾病還了解不多。understandhow/why/where等+句子Icouldneverunderstandwhyshewasfired.我怎么也不明白她為何被解雇。3.

理解；諒解；體諒Ifyoutellhimhowyoufeel,I’msurehe’llunderstand.假如你告知他你的感受，我信任他會(huì)理解的。understanding

n.&

adj.1.

(不行數(shù)名詞)

理解；領(lǐng)悟；了解；相識(shí)understandingofsth.對(duì)……的了解Thecommitteehaslittleornounderstandingoftheproblem.委員會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題了解不多或根本不了解。2.(可數(shù)名詞，常用單數(shù)形式)(非正式的)協(xié)議cometo/reachanunderstanding

達(dá)成協(xié)議Wefinallycametoanunderstandingabout

howmany

hourswewouldwork.我們最終就工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題達(dá)成協(xié)議。3.

(不行數(shù)名詞)

理解；諒解；體諒Wearelookingforabetterunderstandingbetweenthetwonations.我們正在力求增進(jìn)兩國(guó)間的理解。4.

(形容詞)

善解人意的；體諒人的Luckily,Ihaveaveryunderstandingboss.幸運(yùn)的是，我有一位特別善解人意的老板。experienceexperience

n.&

v.

閱歷；經(jīng)驗(yàn)；體驗(yàn)；感受到1.

experience(不行數(shù)名詞)

閱歷；閱歷experiencein/of...表示在某方面有閱歷/有某方面的閱歷Ihadsomeexperienceinfashiondesign.我有一些時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)方面的閱歷。gain/getexperience

獲得閱歷inone’sexperience

依據(jù)某人的閱歷know/learn/speakfromexperience

從閱歷中得知/習(xí)得/據(jù)閱歷而談experience(可數(shù)名詞)

經(jīng)驗(yàn)Failinganexamwasanewexperienceforme.考試不及格對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)還是第一次。2.experience

v.

經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)受；感受；體會(huì)Everyoneexperiencestheseproblemsatsometimeintheirlives.每個(gè)人在人生的某個(gè)階段都會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)這些問(wèn)題。IexperiencedamomentofpanicasIboardedtheplane.我上飛機(jī)時(shí)曾一度感到恐慌。3.experienced

adj.

有閱歷的；有閱歷的；有見(jiàn)識(shí)的；老練的He'sveryexperiencedinlookingafteranimals.他照看動(dòng)物很有閱歷。keepkeep

v.

保持；處于；保留；接著1.

keep作系動(dòng)詞，意為“（使）保持，（使）處于”，常用keep(sb./sth.)+

adj.Wehuddledaroundthefiretokeepwarm.我們擠在火堆邊取暖。Pleasekeepyourroomtidy.請(qǐng)保持房間整齊。keepaway(fromsb./sth.)

遠(yuǎn)離；勿靠近Keepawayfromtheedgeofthecliff.切莫靠近懸崖邊。keep(sb./sth.)back/off/out

使……遠(yuǎn)離；不接近Thepoliceputupbarrierstokeepthecrowdsback.警方設(shè)置了障礙物來(lái)攔住人群。2.

keep(on)doingsth.

保持始終做某事Ikeeptellingyou,butyouwon’tlisten.我一再跟你說(shuō)，但你就是不愿聽(tīng)。keep(sb./sth)from(doing)sth.

不讓某人做某事；不讓某事發(fā)生Youmustkeepthelittleboyfromhurtinghimself.你確定要提防那小男孩傷了自己。keepsb.waiting

讓某人始終等候3.

keep...tooneself

對(duì)……保密；只字不提……You'dbetterkeepyoursalarytoyourself.

你最好保密自己的工資。留意：此用法常常和下面的表達(dá)互換。keepone’sword/promise

遵守諾言keepasecret

保守隱私careful/careless

careful/careless

adj.1.

careful

adj.

謹(jǐn)慎的；當(dāng)心翼翼的；細(xì)心的；周密的Becareful!

當(dāng)心！Heisacarefuldriver.他是一個(gè)謹(jǐn)慎的司機(jī)。becareful(not)todo