2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)分層作業(yè)十八Unit6Nurturingnature表達(dá)作文巧升格含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGE1-課時(shí)分層作業(yè)(十八)Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheErieCanalwasthefirstimportantnationalwaterwaybuiltintheUS.ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.Thecanalservedasarouteoverwhichindustrialgoodscouldflowintothewest，andmaterialscouldpourintotheeast.TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation'slargestcity.ThebuildingofthecanalwaspaidforentirelybythestateofNewYork.Itcost$7,143,789，butitsoongaineditspricemanytimesover.Between1825，whenthecanalwasopened，and1882，whentollcharges(過(guò)運(yùn)輸河費(fèi))werestopped，thestatecollected$121,461,891.ForahundredyearsbeforetheEriewasbuilt，peoplehadbeentalkingaboutacanalwhichcouldjointheGreatLakesandtheAtlanticOcean.ThemanwhoplannedtheErieCanalandcarriedtheplanthroughwasDeWittClinton.Thosewhowereagainstthecanallaughinglycalledit“Clinton'sDitch(溝)”．Clintontalkedandwroteaboutthecanalanddrewupplansforit.HeandGovernorMorriswenttoWashingtonin1812toaskforhelpforthecanal，buttheywereunsuccessful.ClintonbecamegovernorofNewYorkin1817，andshortlyafterwards，onJuly4,1817，brokegroundforthecanalinRome，N.Y.Thefirstpartofthecanalwascompletedin1820.Asthecanalgrew，townsalongitscoursedevelopedfast.Thelengthofthecanalis363miles.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了ErieCanal的作用及修建過(guò)程。1．WecanseethattheErieCanal.A．joinedtheGreatLakestogetherB．crossedNewYorkfromnorthtosouthC．playedanimportantpartindevelopingNewYorkCityD．wasthefirstwaterwaybuiltintheUSC[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段最終一句“TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation'slargestcity.”及全段內(nèi)容可推知，此題答案為C。]2．ItcanbeinferredthatintotheAtlanticOcean.A．theGreatLakesflowB．theHudsonRiverflowsC．LakeErieflowsD．theErieCanalflowsB[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段其次句和第三句：“ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.”可推知此題答案為B。]3．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．TheErieCanalbroughtprofitsofover$114,000,000.B．It's363milesfromtheGreatLakestotheAtlanticOcean.C．TheWestwasmoreadvancedthantheEastwhenthecanalwasbuilt.D．ManyotherstateshelpedNewYorkbuiltthecanal.A[推理推斷題。通過(guò)比較文章其次段第2句中的“Itcost$7,143,789”和其次段最終一句中的“...thestatecollected$121,461,891”可推知此題答案為A。]4．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Clintonbrokegroundforthecanalatbothends.B．Clintonstartedbuildingthecanalbeforehebecamegovernor.C．Allpartsofthecanalwerecompletedatthesametime.D．Constructionofthecanaltookeightyears.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一句中的“...onJuly4,1817，brokegroundforthecanalinRome，N.Y.”和其次段第三句中的“Between1825，whenthecanalwasopened...”可推知此題答案為D。]BHaveyoueverpressedthepedestrianbuttonatacrosswalkandwonderedifitreallyworked？They'recalled“placebo(勸慰劑)buttons”—buttonsthatmechanicallysoundandcanbepushed，butprovidenofunctionality.InNewYorkCity，onlyabout100ofthe1,000crosswalkbuttonsactuallyfunction.Crosswalksignalsweregenerallyinstalledbeforetrafficjamhadreachedtoday'slevels.Butwhiletheirfunctionwastakenoverbymoreadvancedsystems—suchasautomatedlightsortrafficsensors—thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept，ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense.Othercities，suchasBoston，DallasandSeattle，havegonethroughasimilarprocess，leavingthemwiththeirownplacebopedestrianbuttons.InLondon，whichhas6,000trafficsignals，pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.“Wedohavesomecrossingswherethegreenlightcomesonautomatically，butwestillaskpeopletopressthebuttonbecausethatenablesaccessiblefeatures，”saidGlynnBarton，directorofnetworkmanagementatTransportforLondon.Thesefeatures，suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals，helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.Asforthelights，agrowingnumberofthemarenowcombinedandbecomeapartofanelectronicsystemthatdetectstrafficandadjuststimefrequencyaccordingly(givingprioritytobusesifthey'rerunninglate，forexample)，whichmeansthatpressingthebuttonhasnoeffect.AccordingtoLanger，aHarvardpsychologist，placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.Inthecaseofpedestriancrossings，theymayevenmakeussaferbyforcingustopayattentiontooursurroundings.“Theyserveapsychologicalpurposeattheveryleast，”sheadded.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】人行道上的“行人”按鈕以及電梯里的“關(guān)門(mén)”按鈕，你懷疑過(guò)它們的效果嗎？本文說(shuō)明白這些被稱為“勸慰劑按鈕”存在的緣由。5．Whyarethephysicalbuttonsstillkeptinsomecities?A．Becauseitmaycostmoneytoreplacethem.B．Becausetheyremainasmemoriesofacity.C．Becausedohaverealfunctionsintraffic.D．Becausetheycanresultinreliablelights.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept，ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense”可知，這些按鈕沒(méi)有替換掉是因?yàn)閾Q掉它們花費(fèi)的成本更多。故選A。]6．Whichofthefollowingwordcanreplacetheunderlineword“features”inParagraph4?A．Functions. B．Uses.C．Equipment. D．Facilities.D[詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第五段中“Thesefeatures，suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals，helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.(這些設(shè)施，如盲道和可聽(tīng)到的交通信號(hào)，幫助有視覺(jué)障礙的人過(guò)公路，只有按下按鈕才能發(fā)揮作用。)”可推知，第四段中劃線詞的意思是“設(shè)施”。故選D。]7．Ifyoupresseda“placebobutton”inLondon，whatwouldhappen?A．Alltrafficwouldbeaffected.B．Somekindofsoundmightappear.C．Pedestrianscamefirsttocrosstheroad.D．“Greenman”wereboundtoshowupearlier.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“InLondon，whichhas6,000trafficsignals，pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.”可知，假如你在倫敦按下“勸慰劑按鈕”，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)某種聲音。故選B。]8．Whatcanweknowabout“placebobuttons”fromLanger'swords?A．Theycanreallycontroltraffic.B．Theyservelittlefunctions.C．Theymayworkmentally.D．Theycanhelptheblind.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“AccordingtoLanger，aHarvardpsychologist，placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.”可知從Langer的話中，我們可知“placebobuttons”給我們被限制的錯(cuò)覺(jué)，因此推斷它對(duì)我們的心理可能造成影響。故選C。]Ⅱ.概要寫(xiě)作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Everysummer，hundredsofthousandsofstudentstraveltoothercountrieslookingforworkandadventure.Mostoftheopportunitiesareinseasonalwork，mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.Thepayisusuallypoor，butmostpeopleworkabroadforthethrilloftravel.YoucanpickgrapesinFrance，workonafamilycampsite，entertainkidsonAmericansummercamps，andofcourse，therearealwaysjobsinhotelsandrestaurants.Butitisnotaseasyasitusedtobetofindwork.“Unlessyouspeakthelanguageofthecountry，therewillbeveryfewopenings.”saysAntheaEllis，anadviseronvacationworkforstudents.“IfyouworkasanannywithafamilyinItaly，thenofcourseyou'llhavetospeakItalian.WhenyouarrivetowashdishesinarestaurantinParis，theownerwillexpectyoutospeakFrench.”Noteveryoneenjoystheexperience.SarahJameswasanassistantresponsibleforasummercampgroupoffortyAmericachildreninEurope.Onechildlosthispassport；anotherbecameseriouslyillandwasflownhome；fourchildrenwerelostinMadridforawholeday；thewholegroupwasthrownoutofonehotelbecauseofthenoisetheymade.“Ididvisitalotofnewplaces，”shesays，“butitwasn'tworthit.Thepaywasawfulandreallywasa24-hour-a-dayjob.Thekidsneverslept！”“Thetroubleis，studentsexpecttohaveaneasytimeofit，”AntheaEllispointsout.“Afterall，theyseeitasaholiday.Inpractice，though，youhavetoworkhard.Atthesametime，allvacationworkiscasualwork.You'llhaveajobwhenthehotel，therestaurant，orthecampsiteisbusyandyouhavefewemploymentrights.Assoonastheholidayseasonfinished，they'llgetridofyou.Ifyoudon'tworkhard，orifyouremployerdoesn'tlikeyou，you'llgetfired.”