專題05-生態(tài)環(huán)保篇(一)(原卷版)

專題05生態(tài)環(huán)保篇（一）Text41（2023秋·山東臨沂·高一臨沂第四中學(xué)?？计谀〢groupofvolunteersjoinedforcestoformahumanchaintofreefourdolphinswhichhadbeenstranded(擱淺)inacanalforfourdays.ThefourdolphinswereseeninthewaterneartheFossilPark,neighborhoodinStPetersburg,Florida,US,onSunday.ExpertsfromtheFloridaFishandWildlifeConservationCommission(FWC)hadmonitoredthedolphins’activitiesinthepastfewdaysandhopedthattheywouldswimoutwiththetide(潮水).Butwhenthedolphinsstruggledtoleavethecanal,bravevolunteersjoinedmembersoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationandtheClearwaterMarineAquariumtoformarescueteamtofreethem.Dozensofpeoplegatheredtotakevideosandpicturesofthekindact.Ateamof14volunteersheldhandstoactasablocktoguidethedolphinsoutofthenarrowchannel.TheyshoutedandpattedthewaterwiththeirhandstodirectthedolphinstothevastexpansesofRivieraBay.Dolphinsfindtheirwayinthewaterthroughecholocation(回聲定位).Thatmeans,bymakinghigh-frequencysounds,theycanrecognizetheechoesofsoundwavesthatbounceoffobjectstofindtheirwayaround.AndyGarrett,abiologistoftheFWCsaid,“Wewereabletokeepthatchaintogether.Thedolphinswereinterested.Theyactuallycameoverrightaway.”Headdedthatwhentheteamreachedabridge,thedolphinsappearedabitnervousandstarteddoingsomespins.“Theymadeonerealhardpassatourteamandthenwentunderthebridgeandtookoff,”Garrettsaid.Theoperationlastedabout45minutesandtherescueteamdidnotusenetsoranyitemsthatcouldstressthedolphins.1．Whatcanweknowaboutthedolphinsfromparagraph1?A．Theyswamingroupstoprotectthemselves.B．TheylivedinthewaternearFossilPark.C．Theywereobservedinsecretbyvolunteers.D．Theywereforcedtostayinacanalforfourdays.2．Whydidvolunteersshoutandpatthewater?A．Tomakesoundstoattractsomepeople.B．Toguidethedolphinstolargerwaters.C．Tocelebratethesuccessofsavingdolphins.D．Totestthedifferentreactionsoffourdolphins.3．Whatwordscouldbestdescribetherescuers?A．Braveandcaring.B．Cautiousandhumorous.C．Smartandstubborn.D．Optimisticandenergetic.4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Dolphinsswamtothecanaltohuntforfood.B．Rescuersformedahumanchaintosavedolphins.C．Volunteerstrainedfourdolphinstofindtheirwayhome.D．Expertsstudiedthewaysofdolphinsfindingdirections.Text42（2023秋·廣西玉林·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Althoughorcas(虎肆),alsoknownaskillerwhales,arefamousfortheirattacksonseaanimals,theyareneverathreattohumans.However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenpurposelyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.ThestrangebehaviorfirstreportedonJuly29,2020,whena46-footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas,almostturningtheboatoverandhavingitsengineturnedoff.Sincethen.over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.Researchersacrosstheworldaretryingtoexplaintheorcas’behavior.Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefintuna-theorcas’mainfoodsource-whichhasmadethearea’skillerwhaleshungryandunabletofeedtheirbabies.“Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansarerelatedtofoodshortages,”saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinUSA．Theenvironmentalistsbelievethatthereisanotherreasonfortheagitation.Theythinktheorcas’behaviorcouldalsobecausedbythesuddenincreaseinboat.Humanbeingssailacrosstheseaagain,aftermonthsofrestrictions(限制)onhumanactivitylastspringHowever,AlfredoLópez,abiologyprofessorinSpain,thinkstheattacksarepreventive(預(yù)防性)measurestheorcastooktoguardthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.Theresearchermadesuchasummaryafterlookingatthevideosofafewincidentsandnoticingthattwooftheyoungkillerwhalesinvolvedhadseriousinjuries.Hopefully,theexpertswillbeabletofindawaytobringthepeacebetweentheanimalsandthehumansbacksoon.5．Whatcanweinferaboutorcasfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Theyarefriendlytohumans.B．Theyalwaysattackingboats.C．Theyhavechangedtheirbehavior.D．Theyarefamousforhuntingskills.6．Theunderlinedword“agitation”inParagraph3probablyrefersto___.A．theattacksB．boatinjuriesC．fishingactivitiesD．humanactivities7．WhichofthefollowingmayAlfredoLopezagreewith?A．Orcasattackboatsforfood.B．Orcasattackboatstoprotectthemselves.C．Orcasarelivingpeacefullywithhumans.D．Orcasareoftenhurtbyhumanactivities.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowDoKillerWhalesAttackHumans?B．WhyAreKillerWhalesAttackingBoats?C．WhatCanWeDotoHelpKillerWhales?D．WhyShouldWeStopHuntingKillerWhales?Text43（2023秋·新疆烏魯木齊·高一?？计谀〢fewweeksagoagroupofscientistsproducedareportaboutglobalwarmingandthenaturalworld.Theywantedtofindoutifglobalwarmingwasdangerousforplantsandanimals.Thescientistsweresurprisedbywhattheyfound.Theysawthatduringthenext50yearsabout25%oflandanimalsandplantswilldisappearfromtheEarth.Morethan1millionplantsandanimalspecieswilldieoutby2050.Theheadoftheresearchteam,ChristThomas,whoisaprofessorofconservationbiologyatLeedsUniversity,saidtheresultsoftheirresearchwerefrightening.Morethan10%ofallplantsandanimalswilldisappearfromtheEarth.Itistoolatetosavemanyplantsandanimalsbecauseofthegreenhousegasesthatarealreadyintheatmosphere.Butthescientistssayifwecontrolgreenhousegasesnow,wecansavemanymoreplantsandanimalsfromdisappearing.Thescientistsstudiedsomeareasoftheworldwithveryrichbiology.TheseareaswereEurope,Australia,CentralandSouthAmerica,andSouthAfrica.Theirstudiesshowedthatspecieslivinginmountainousareashadabetterchanceofsurvivalbecausetheycouldmoveuphilltogetcooler.Inflatareas,suchasdeserts,plantsandanimalswouldhavetomoveverylongdistancestogetcooler,sotheyareingreatdangerofdyingout.Thescientistsfoundmanysurprisingthings.Forexample,theyfoundthathalfofthe24speciesofbutterflytheystudiedinAustraliawouldsoondisappear.9．Accordingtothispassage,globalwarmingcanbebestdescribedas________tomanyplantsandanimals.A．disappointing B．strangeC．surprising D．deadly10．What’sthepurposeoftheresearchledbyChristThomas?A．Topreventanimalsandplantsfromglobalwarming.B．Toraisepeople’sawarenesstocontrolgreenhousegases.C．Toresearchtheeffectofglobalwarmingonanimalsandplants.D．Towarnusofthedyingoutofmanyanimalsandplants.11．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．GreenhouseEffectandGlobalWarmingB．AfrighteningDiscoveryConcerningGlobalWarmingC．AnimalsaredyingoutintheWorldD．Disappearanceofspecies12．Whydospecieslivinginmountainousareashadabetterchanceofsurvival?A．TheearthisgettingwarmerB．Theycanmovedownhilltogetcooler.C．TheyhavetogotohighaltitudetogetcoolerD．Morespeciesaredisappearing.Text44（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一廣州市第七十五中學(xué)?？计谀㏕he“no-mow(不割草)”movementiscatchingpeople’sattention,andI’vejoineditafterhavingthelucktoseehowbeautifulanaturalmeadow(草地)canbe.Severalyearsago,ImovedtoatinytowninOregon.Whenwepulleduptothehousewherewewouldbestaying,ItookonelookatwhatIsawastheovergrowngrass.Theseaofgrasstookmybreathaway.“Thisisgoingtobeahugejob,”Ithoughttomyself.IgrewupinNewYork.Mygrandfathertaughtmehowtomowourlawn(草坪)whenIwas8yearsold．AndItookcareofthatlawnuntilIleftforcollege.Later,IboughtmyownhouseinConnecticut,andthehousecamewithasmalllawn.BythenIhadbeenwritingforAudubonmagazineandhadlearnedhowpointlesslawnswere.Iwantedtobuildabutterflygardenandplantsomeplants.Iwassickofmowing.ButIkeptthelawn,asIwasconcernedaboutthefutureresalevalueofahousewithoutabacklawn.OnceIhadspentseveralweeksgettingusedtoOregonlife,learningthelocalcultureandfinallysettlingdown,Irealizedthemeadowthatsurroundedmynewhomewasn’tanuntidylawn,butoneofthelocaltypesofecosystems.Andinmyfirstweeksenjoyingmynewfavoriteplaceintheworld,Iwaspleasedwiththehugeamountoflifethemeadowsupported.Therearelotsofinsects,butthatonlymeanslotsofhealthyfoodforthesongbirdsthatInowsharemyhomewith.Becauseofthebirds,manyinsectsareeaten,soI’venothadanyinsectproblems.Contrarytowhatmanypeopleexpectfromhighgrasses,I’vefoundthatIhavefewerharmfulinsects,becauseitisabalancedsystem.Therearebutterflies,vegetablesandbeautifulwildflowers.Themeadowisneverthesame.Itchangesfromweektoweekbecauseit’salivingsystem.13．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenshefirstarrivedatthenewhouseinOregon?A．Tired B．Embarrassed C．Shocked D．Interested14．Howwastheauthor’slifeinOregon?A．Shestartedenjoyingthenaturalgrassthere.B．Shefailedtojointhe“no-mow”movement.C．Shewasworriedabouttheuntidyenvironmentthere.D．Shewasbusyimprovingthelocals’livingconditions.15．Whatdoestheauthormainlysayaboutthemeadowinthelastparagraph?A．Itprovidesamorebalancedecosystem.B．Itsuppliesmanykindsoffoodtotheauthor.C．Itcausesmanyinsectproblemsfortheauthor.D．Ithelpsreducetheauthor’swritingpressure.Text45（2023秋·廣東江門·高一江門市第一中學(xué)?？计谀￤ithhumansencroaching(侵入)moreandmoreonwildlifehabitats,animalsarefindingthatthebestwaytosurviveisn’ttopackupandmove—it’stoadapttothenightlife.Avarietyofpreviouslydaytimeanimalssuchasfoxes,deerandboarshavebecomeactiveatnighttoavoidhumanactivityoutoffear.Butthisnighttimeswitchcomeswithitsownrisks.Researcherslookedathow62speciesofanimalsonsixcontinentschangedtheirbehaviorinresponsetohumanactivitiessuchashunting,farming,anddevelopment.Thestudiesemployedvarioustechnologiestofollowtheanimals,fromGPStrackerstomotion-activatedcameras.Oncenightfalls,theanimalssurveyedbecamefarmoreactivethantheywerebeforehumansarrived,huntingandlookingforfoodinthedark.Forexample,animalsthatusedtosplittheiractivityevenlybetweendayandnighttypicallyincreasedtheirnighttimeactivityto68%.Theteamalsofoundtheanimalsrespondedsimilarlytothesehumanencroachments,regardlessofwhetherhumanactivitydirectlyaffectedthem.So,adeermightbecomemoreactiveatnightsimplybecauseitseeshumanshikingnearby,notbecauseit’sbeinghunted.Theresearchersbelievethesenighttimebehaviorsnotonlyallowhumansandanimalstocoexistmorepeacefully,theymaybeabletogiveushintsastohowtoplanconservationeffortsaccordingly,suchaslimitinghumanactivityduringtimeswhenaspecificspeciesismoreactive.Butmovingtothenightlifecouldalsohavedownsidesfortheseanimals.Anighttimelifestylecanreduceananimal’sabilitytohuntandfindfoodsuccessfullyandcanevenaffectitsabilitytofindamate.Switchingtoanighttimelifestylecanaffectnaturalpatternsoflifeeveniftheseanimalsaredoingsotoreducetheirinteractionwithhumans.So,justbecauseanimalsarebecomingmoreactiveatnightdoesn’tmeanthey’veescapedtheinfluenceofhumans.16．Whyareanimalsbecomingmoreactiveatnight?A．Itiseasiertofindfoodatnight.B．Itiseasiertoescapebeinghunted.C．Theyhavegotusedtonightlife.D．Theycanbelessaffectedbyhuman.17．Howdidtheresearchersfindtheanimals’behavioralchanges?A．Theyfollowedandwatchedtheanimals.B．Theycompareddifferentanimals.C．Theyusedmoderntechnologies.D．Theyfoundmoreanimalsatnight.18．Whatcanweinferfromthefourthparagraph?A．Deercangetusedtonightlifeeasily.B．Animalscanbeaffectedonlywhenbeinghunted.C．Anyhumanencroachmentcanaffectanimals.D．Animalsshouldstayawayfromhumans.19．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Animalsmovetonightlifeduetohumanencroachments.B．Animalshavetheirownwaystogetusedtolifechanges.C．Animalsshouldbewellprotectedbeforeitistoolate.D．Thebenefitsandrisksofanimals’nightlifestyle.Text46（2022秋·寧夏中衛(wèi)·高一中衛(wèi)中學(xué)?？计谀㎡nenight,asIwasdrivingdowntheroad,Ifoundsomethingwassittinginthemiddleoftheroad.Afewsecondslater,IrealizedIwaslookingatalargeturtle(海龜).Afraidofitbeingcrashedbycars,soIpulledover,ranacrosstheroadanddraggedtheturtletosafety.ButI’dmadeonebigmistake.Ihadheardthatthebestwaytopickupaturtlewithouthurtingitwaspickingitbythetailinordernottogetbitten.SoI’dmadethatbigmistake.WhiletheturtleturnedoutOKgenerally,Iwasdeterminedtofigureouthowtomoveaturtleproperly.Ineededtofindsomeonewhodealtwithturtles.IfoundtheOntarioTurtleConservationCentre.ItalkedtoDr.Sue,itsExecutiveandMedicalDirector.Dr.Suetoldmethattheorganizationdealtwithanumberofaspectsofturtleconservation,includingrescue,settlement,birthprograms,research,andeducation.SueexplainedthatsouthernOntarioishometoavastmajorityofturtlesinCanada,butisalsooneofthevastestroadnetworksofthecountry.“Ninetypercentofinjuredturtlesbroughtinarecausedbycars.Theseturtlesspendalotoftimeonland.Andtheydotravelmanykilometersonlandforavarietyofreasons,tofindanestingspot,ortohangoutforthesummerorwinter.Turtlesknowwheretheywanttogo.So,justkeepthemgoinginthedirectiontheywanttogoandyoumayhavesavedaturtle’slife,”Dr.Suesaid.Onceaninjuredturtlearrivesatthecenter,therearemedicalfacilities(設(shè)備)readytogo,includinganX-raymachine.That’swhentheteamgetstoworkwithhealinginjuries,andhelptheirpatient.20．Whydidtheauthorstopthecar?A．Tohelptheturtle.B．Toseethethingclearly.C．Topreventacaraccident.D．Tofindsomethinggood.21．Whathappenedtotheturtle?A．Itgothurtbypeoplepreviously.B．Itwasinjuredalittlebit.C．Itwasrunoverbyacar.D．Itlostitsdirection.22．WhatdidDr.Suesuggestatlast?A．Leavingtheturtlesalone.B．MakingOntariohometoturtles.C．Changingtheroadconditions.D．Helpingturtlesfindnestingspots.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patient”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Thedirector. B．Thedriver. C．Theauthor. D．Theturtle.Text47（2023秋·福建三明·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Duringourresearchforthissequence,wehadbeentoldweshouldn’tevenbothertryingtofilmthePallas’scatinwinter.Filmingsuchananimalwassaidtobenearimpossible.Wewouldn’tbeabletofindsuchasmallanimalinthevaststeppesofMongolia.Besidesthis,they’reknowntobeeasilyfrightenedandextremelycautious.ButwewantedtosurpriseaudiencesbyshowingthemfrozenworldsthatlayoutsideofthePoles.ArrivinginMongolia,Iwasstruckbyitsvastness.It’sunbelievablethatourfirstdaypresenteduswithagoodviewofourhard-to-findtarget.Ourguideledustothetopofahill.Morethanakilometreawayinanunimpressivepileofrocks,Icouldseeatinyspot,aPallas’scat!Weweresoexcited!Wehadbeenblessedwithextremelylowdaytimetemperature.Pallas’scatshavethedensestcoatofanycat,butevensotheymustsavetheirenergyasmuchaspossible.Theirmovementsatthesetemperatureswereespeciallyseldom.Whileconditionsdidnotlookpromising,westillneededtoseeifwecouldactuallyfilmthem.Thecatswouldonlyappearifthesunwasout.Butthesteppecouldbehitatanytimebyfastandbitterwindswhichwouldmakeanyanimalthathaddecidedtoappearcometoanend.Thedecisionastowhethertoholdoutfortheweathertopassortohavearestwasalwaysapainfulonetomake.Butastheweekswentonandwespentmoretimewiththecats,itwasastonishingtoseejusthowitwasthattheywereabletosurviveinsuchadifficultandunpleasantenvironment.Thelongerwespentwiththem,themorewefoundourselvesfallinginlovewiththeseattractivelittlecharactersandtheirwinterlives.24．Whydopeoplethinkit’sunlikelytofilmthecats?A．Theactionisillegal. B．Thesteppesarenotlarge.C．Thecatsareextremelycareful. D．Thecatnumberissmall.25．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenthesteppescameintosight?A．Amazed. B．Excited. C．Anxious. D．Upset.26．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3and4?A．Wesufferedlowtemperatures. B．ThePallas’scatslovethesun.C．Thedecisionsarehardtomake. D．Thefilmingconditionischallenging.27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．Palla’sCats-AnUnusualAnimal B．ExperienceofFilmingthePalla’sCatsC．SurvivalSkillsonMongoliaSteppes D．ExtremeWeatheroutsidethePolesText48（2023秋·山東淄博·高一?？计谀￤halesareimportantanimalsinthesea.Theorganizationsoftheworldarecallingallnationsnottokilloreatwhalesanymore.ButJapan’snewwhaling(捕鯨)planisagreatdangertothelivingoftheselargeanimals.Itwillalsodoharmtotheseainterests(利益)ofothersurroundingcountriesincludingChina,expertssaid.AftertheJapanesegovernmentmadeitsdecisionclearonNov.8,2016tocatch100morewhalesin2017,manyanimalexpertsintheworldvoicedtheirangryanswers.AccordingtoaJapanNewsreport,Japancaught174minkewhalesand140seiwhalestotallyinthenorthwestPacificOceanin2017.“Afteryearsofoverfishing(過(guò)度捕撈),thepopulationofminkewhalesinthenorthwestPacificOceanhasbeenreducedtoadangerouslevel.Therefore,Japanshouldstopwhalinginthearea,”saidWangYaming,aleaderoftheInternationalWhalingOrganization.AccordingtoWang,mostwhaleslivinginthenorthwestPacificOceanaremigratory(遷徙的)animals，andtheirtravelingwayisveryclosetothelandofRussia,SouthKorea,NorthKorea,JapanandChina.Japan’swhalingwillalsohaveaterribleinfluenceonthosecountries.Althoughtheworldhasstoppedtocatchandkillwhales,Japanliestoothersthatitskillingofwhalesisjustforscientificpurposes.However,manyexpertsdon’tagreewithitcompletely.“Japanshouldnotkillmorewhales,asdoingsowouldharmtheinternationalwhaleresources(資源).Japan’swhalinginthenorthwestPacificOceanhasn’tdrawnmuchmoreattentionbecauseithardlyinfluencestheinterestsofwesterncountries.“Wangexplained.ItisreallyhightimeforJapantostopitswhalingfromnowon.28．WhatistheattitudeofanimalexpertstotheJapan’swhalingplan?A．Surprised. B．Interested. C．Happy. D．Angry.29．AccordingtotheJapanNewsreportmentionedinthepassage,howmanywhalesdidJapancatchintheyearof2017?A．About240. B．About274.C．About314. D．About414.30．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．WhalestravelfarfromthelandofJapanwhentheyaremigrating.B．NearthelandofChina,peoplecouldnotfindanywhalesatall.C．OverfishingmadecertainwhalesinthenorthwestPacificOceanfewer.D．Japan’swhalinghasnothingtodowiththeneighboringcountries.31．WhatisthepurposeofitswhalingaccordingtoJapanesegovernment?A．Scientificstudy. B．Foodsupply.C．Zoointerests D．Seabalance.Text49（2023秋·浙江寧波·高一浙江省象山中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）AnnettePrincemovesquicklyinthepre-dawnlight,lookingcarefullyatthebaseofeachbuildingshepassesindowntownChicago.Shefindsawarbler(鶯)sittingontheground,uprightbutdazed(恍惚的).Thenshetrapsitwithanet.“Itprobablyhitoneoftheupperfloors,”saysMs.Prince,avolunteertoprotectbirdsfromstrikingglasswindows.

“It’salittleweak.”She’lltakeittotherescuecenter.Thewarblerisfortunate.

Inthebattlebetweenbirdsandcities,citiesarewinning.Scientistssuggestthatcrashingintobuildingskillsasmanyas

1billionbirdsayearinthe

UnitedStates.

Thelightfromever-expandingcitiesismakingitdifficultforthemovementofcreaturesthatmigrate(遷徙)inthedark.Andthepreferenceforglassinbuildingshasproveddeadly.Therearegrowingeffortstomakecitiessaferforbirds.LightsOutprograms,inwhichownersandmanagersagreetoturnoffoutdoorlightsduringmigrationtimes,havespreadto45U.S.cities.Architectsarelearninghowtomakebuildingsbird-friendlybyusingspeciallytreatedglassthatbirdscansee.Moreactivistsareaskinghomeownerstoconsidertheirownwindowsaswell.Theissueisfarmorethanbirds.“Itconcernsaneedtoreducethehumaninfluenceonthenaturalworldinanageofhabitatdestructionandclimatechange,”saysAndrewFarnsworth,

abirdexpertintheUniversityofChicago.“Thefactthatarchitectsandbuildersareusingbird-friendlytechnologyisapositive,”hesays.“Butit’snothappeningasfastasitneedstobe.”32．WhatwasAnnettePrincedoingatpre-dawn?A．Tolookforthewarbler. B．Tosearchforinjuredbirds.C．Tocheckthesafetyofthebuilding. D．Tomakepreparationstotrapawarbler.33．Whyisthewarblerfortunate?A．Itwasrescuedbyavolunteer.B．Itwonthebattleagainstcities.C．Itprobablyhitoneoftheupperfloors.D．It’spreventedfromstrikingglasswindows.34．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．ThespreadofLightsOutprograms.B．Thearchitectsandactivistsprotecting