03【生態(tài)環(huán)保、自然災(zāi)害類】閱讀理解9篇+完形填空1篇(解析版)

【生態(tài)環(huán)保、自然災(zāi)害類】話題閱讀練習(xí)（三）（閱讀理解9篇+完形填空1篇）Passage1Intheworldofwater,2021wasanotheryearfortherecordbooks.PartsofWesternEuropesufferedfromdeadlyfloodswhilelargeareasofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesremainedlockedinamassivedrought.Onemightthinkthatourimpressivewatermanagementwouldsafeguardsocietyfromsuchcatastrophicevents.Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmostofthewaterengineeringisunpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemostalarmingwake-upcallscamefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearlyforcedtobeshutoffduringseveredroughtbecauseitsreservoir(水庫)driedup.Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams(大壩)thatoftenresultinmoredisastrousflooding.Instead,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompletedproject,whichgivesriversroomtospreadoutbyredirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsoftheriversbymorethanafoot.Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,creatingflexibilitytoboththerainsanddryperiods.Thismeansfarmlandpracticessuchastheplantingofcovercropscannotonlyraiseoutputbutimprovewatermanagement.Solutionsdon'tcomeeasily,buttheyarekeytoalivablefuture.Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsofclimatechange,wecanavoidtheworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.1.CapeTownismentionedtoshowA.thereservoirwasofnouseB.newwatermanagementisinneedC.howawfulitwaswithouttapwaterD.theexistingwatermanagementisimpressive2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.TheNetherlandswassparedfromflooddamage.B.Theriver'swaterlevelwasreducedtooverafoot.C.Improvingsoil'swater-holdingabilityispractical.D.Plantingcropsboostsorganismsatthecostofproduction.3.Whichofthefollowingwaterprojectsmightwintheauthor'sfavor?“RestoringHealthySoil”“FillingWetlands”“StrengtheningDams”“MakingRoomforRivers”A.12 B.23 C.34 D.144.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Waterdisasters:wayoutofcontrolB.Investmentinwater:akeytothefutureC.Nature-basedsolutions:waysoutforwaterD.Goodnews:farmingpracticesworkingwell解析：B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Yetwhenitcomestowater，thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmostofthewaterengineeringisunpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemostalarmingwake-upcallscamefromthecityofCapeTown，wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearlyforcedtobeshutoffafterseveredroughtdriedupitsreservoir（水庫）.（然而，說到水，過去不再是未來的良好指南，大多數(shù)水利工程對日益發(fā)生的極端天氣的后果毫無準(zhǔn)備。其中一個(gè)最令人震驚的警鐘來自開普敦市，在嚴(yán)重干旱導(dǎo)致水庫干涸后，該市400萬居民的水龍頭幾乎被迫關(guān)閉。）和下文如何利用水治理應(yīng)對災(zāi)害的方法，可知極端天氣日益頻繁而以前的水利工程不適用于新的變化，開普敦就是一個(gè)例子，緊接著后文談及應(yīng)該如何做，所以提及開普敦是為了表明我們需要新的水治理方式。故選B。

2. C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18，000gallonsperacre，creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐提供了另一種策略。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強(qiáng)降雨和干旱期都具有靈活性。）可知，提高土壤有機(jī)物能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐上是可行的。故選C。

3. D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18，000gallonsperacre，creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐提供了另一種策略?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)增加1%，可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強(qiáng)降雨和干旱期都具有靈活性。）可知，提高土壤有機(jī)物，恢復(fù)土壤健康，這能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐上是可行的，說明作者贊同①"恢復(fù)土壤健康"；TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompletedproject，whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutbyredirectingfloodwatersintowetlands，loweringpartsofthestormyriverbymorethanafoot.（由于最近完成的項(xiàng)目，荷蘭避免了歷史性洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，該項(xiàng)目通過將洪水重新導(dǎo)向濕地，將暴雨河流的一部分降到一英尺以上，使河流空間得以擴(kuò)展。）可知，荷蘭通過最近的水利項(xiàng)目使河流空間得以擴(kuò)展，避免了歷史性洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，說明④"為河流騰出空間"會(huì)贏得作者的青睞；可得出作者會(huì)贊同①④水利工程。故選D。

4. C.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第三段Appealingasitmightbe，thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams（水壩）thatoftenresultinmoredisastrousflooding.Rather，itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.（盡管這可能很有吸引力，但解決辦法是不要進(jìn)一步建造更大、更高的水壩，這往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的洪水。相反，要更多地利用自然過程。）最后一段Whileit'stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsofclimatechange，wecanavoidtheworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.（雖然現(xiàn)在避免氣候變化的影響為時(shí)已晚，但我們可以通過加大對此類基于自然的水解決方案的投資來避免最糟糕的影響。）可知，文章以災(zāi)害引入，進(jìn)而舉例談及用基于自然的方法解決問題，結(jié)尾呼吁對自然方法的投資，D.Nature-based

solution：a

way

out

for

water."基于自然的解決方案：水的出路"一語雙關(guān)，既指自然方法提供出路，又指把水通過自然方式導(dǎo)出去。故選C。Passage2It'sawarmJuneafternoon,andinagroupofbushesandtrees,abirdsings.Asmallinsectclimbsoveraleaf.TheMuziekpleinforest,nexttoan18-storybuildingandarailwayline,isaboutthesizeofabasketballcourt;beforeitwasplantedin2018,theareawasaparkingplace.TheforestisoneofsevensuchextremelysmallforestsintheDutchcityofUtrecht,and144acrosstheNetherlands.Bytheendofthisyear,accordingtoINNatureEducation,theorganizationproposingthecountry'sinitiative(計(jì)劃),therewillbe200.SincethefirstforestwasplantedintheNetherlandsin2015,theconcepthasbecomepopular.DaanBleichrodt,wholaunchedIN'sTinyForestinitiativewiththegoalofmakingiteasierforchildrentogetintoandconnectwithnature,saidthathethoughtitispopularbecausepeoplearebecomingmoreawareofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.It'saverypracticalwaytodosomethingpositiveinthelightofclimatechangeandlossofbiodiversity.JeroenSchenkels,asenioradviserforthecityofUtrechtongreenplanning,saidhesawthemini-forestsasnature-basedapproachesthatareabletohelpthecityweatherheatwavesandimprovewaterretention(保持).Butoneofthebiggestinterestsissocial."Oneofthemostimportantthingsisthattheygivepeopletheopportunitytobeinvolvedinnatureintheneighbourhood,"Schenkelssaid.Between2018and2020,40differentplantandanimalgroupsand121totalanimalspecieswerefoundintheMuziekpleinforestalone.AccordingtoWageningenUniversityresearchers,acrossthe11tinyforestsintheirstudy,volunteersobserved636animalspecies.Theyalsoidentified298plantspeciesinadditiontotheoriginalspeciesplantedintheplots.Maintenance(維護(hù))oftheforestsoccasionallyinvolvesremovingaggressiveweeds,butingeneralnewplantspecies,suchaswildflowersthatappear,areallowedtogrow.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheMuziekpleinforest?A.Itisnewlyplanted.B.Itsitsinanurbanarea.C.Itgrowsalongarailway.D.Itisshapedlikeabasketballcourt.2.What'sthepurposeoftheTinyForestinitiative?A.Tomakepeoplerealizeenvironmentalchallenges.B.Tomakenaturemoreaccessibletochildren.C.ToincreasetheNetherlands'biodiversity.D.Tocallforactiononclimatechange.3.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Benefitsofmini-forestsincities.B.Waystokeepneighbourhoodsgreen.C.Inspirationforplantingforestsincities.D.Importanceofbeingexposedtonature.4.Howdoestheauthorstatetheforestseffectonbiodiversity?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Bydoingexperiments.D.Bymakingcomparisons.解析：B推斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"TheMuziekpleinforest.nexttoan18-storybuilding...aparkingplace"可知,Muziekplein森林附近有一座18層的高樓和一條鐵路線,它所在的區(qū)域曾經(jīng)是個(gè)停車場。由此可推知，該森林位于城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域，故選BB理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段中的"withthegoalofmakingiteasierforchildrenlogetintoandconnectwithnature"MIKIl.DaanBleichrodt'*起的微型森林計(jì)劃的目的是讓孩子仃更容易接近大自然，故選B、A理解主合要義題。根據(jù)第三段中的"heseesthemini-forestsbeinvolvedinnatureinthencighbourhood"可知，城市里的微型森林不僅可以幫助城市抵御熱浪，提高蓄水能力,還使人們有更多機(jī)會(huì)接觸周鬥的自然環(huán)境,故本段主耍關(guān)注的是城市里的微型森林的益處，故選A。A推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"40differentplantandanimalgroupsand121totalanimalspecies...forestalone""acrossthe11...636animalspecies""identified298plantspeciesinadditiontotheoriginalspecies"可知，作者用了列數(shù)字的方法來說明城市里的微型森林對生物多樣性的影響,故選A。Passage3Onthefaceofit,theLaysanalbatross（信天翁）isdoingfairlywell.Itspopulationisaround1.6million,andmaybegrowing.InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)classifiesitas"nearlyendangered"andplacesitonthesecondlevelfromthebottomoftheorganization'ssevenladderstoextinction.However,likethereasonablyabundantmonarchbutterfly(帝王蝶），theLaysanalbatrosshasanAchillesheel.ThoughmonarchsrangeacrossmuchofNorthAmerica,manyhavelivedoverwinterinthesamefewsmallwoodsincentralMexico.Destroythosetreesandyouwouldendangerthespecies.TheLaysanalbatrossisalikeinthisrespect.AdultbirdscrossmuchofthePacificOcean.Butmorethan90%oftheLaysanalbatrossstartedlifeononeoftwosites,MidwayandLaysan,whichhavebeendevelopedfromtheiroriginalmountainousvolcanicislandstotheircurrentstate,onlycoralrocksstickingoutafewmetersabovesealevel.Wipeoutthosebreeding(繁殖）placesandtheLaysanalbatrosswouldshootrightuptheIUCNladder.Andthatisjustwhatsomeexpertsfear,forbothMidwayandLaysan,whichareamongtheoldestpartsoftheHawaiianchain,havebeendamagedovertime.Astormin2011destroyedhundredsofthousandsofnests,andthousandsarelosteveninnormalyears.Risingsealevelsmaymakethisworse.Thenitistimetospreadthespecies'riskbybuildingbreedingplacesfortheLaysanalbatrosselsewhere.AprojectsetupbyagroupcalledPacificRimConservation(PRC)begantodosoin2015.TheymovedalbatrosseggstoOahu,homeofHawaii'scapitalHonolulu.Afterdevelopingandhatching,theyareshiftedtoawildlifeshelterandhand-fedforfivemonthsuntiltheymatureandleavetheisland.Thegroupalsobroadcastsalbatrosscallsandplacessomemodelbirds,hopingthesetrickswillencouragethebabybirdstocometheretobreedasadults.Thatseemsreasonablygood.Ofthe46Laysanalbatrossessuccessfullyraised,sevenhavesofarreturned.And,asabonus,themodelbirdsandcallshavealsoattractedhundredsofadultLaysanalbatrossvisitors,includingthefourpairsthathavebeguntonest.1.What'sthesimilaritybetweenthemonarchbutterflyandtheLaysanalbatross?A.TheyarenativetocentralMexico.B.Theirhabitatsaregreatlydestroyed.C.Theirpopulationsareontheincrease.D.Theyrelymuchoncertainconditions.2.Whataresomeexpertsafraidof?A.Risingsealevels.B.Theharmfulstorms.C.Lossofalbatrosses'livingplaces.D.DestructionoftheHawaiianchain.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthePRCproject?A.It'snevertoolatetomend.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Preventtroublebeforeithappens.D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.35.Whydoesthegroupusealbatrosscallsandmodelbirds?A.Toattractthealbatrossbacktonest.B.Tohelpkeeptheecosystembalanced.C.Tomaketheconservationmorelively.D.Toofferchicksahealthyenvironment.解析：D理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第一段中的”Destroythosetreesandyouwouldendangerthespecies.TheLaysanalbatrossisalikeinthisrespect"和第二段中的"Wipeoutthosebreeding(繁殖）placesandtheLaysanalbatrosswouldshootrightuptheIUCNladder"可知.黑背信天翁和市王蝶的相似之處是他們都非常依賴某中環(huán)境C理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句及第三段中的"forbothMidwayandLaysanhavebeendamagedovertime.Astormin2011destroyedhundredsofthousandsofnests.Risingsealevelsmaymakethisworse"可知，一些專家擔(dān)憂的是黑背信天翁的棲息地會(huì)喪失,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致其滅絕，故選CC推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Wipeoutthosebreeding(繁殖）places..uptheIUCNladder"及第三段的最后一句可知,黑背信天翁面臨著嚴(yán)重的生存威脅，需要在其他地方建立繁殖地米降低這一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。再結(jié)合第四段的內(nèi)容可知,環(huán)大平洋環(huán)境保護(hù)組織的項(xiàng)目早在2015年就這樣做了。該項(xiàng)目把信天翁的蛋我移到夏威夷首府檀香山所在的瓦胡島。在發(fā)育和孵化后，它們被轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)野生動(dòng)物收容所并由人工喂養(yǎng)五個(gè)月,直到亡們成熟并離開該島。由此可推知.環(huán)太平洋環(huán)境保護(hù)組織的做法是防忠手未然的體現(xiàn),故選C。A項(xiàng)意為"亡羊補(bǔ)牢.猶木晚矣";B項(xiàng)意為"行動(dòng)勝于語言";項(xiàng)意為"有志者事競成"A理解具體信息題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thegroupalsobroadcastsalbatrosscalls...encouragethechickstocometheretobreedasadults"ifAl該組織使用信天翁叫聲和模型馬是為了吸引信天翁回來筑巢,故選A.Passage4Sewingcanbefunandcreative.Buthaveyoueverthoughtthatasewingmachinecanalsomeantheworldtomanypeoplearoundtheglobethatuseitastheirmainsourceofincome?WhenMargaretJankowskidiscoveredthis,shedecidedtofoundTheSewingMachineProject,anorganizationthatcollectsdonatedusedmachinesandredistributestheminremoteplaceslikeSriLanka,Guatemala,Guam,andKosovo.ItalsoaimstohelpthoseinDetroitandNewOrleans.In2004,whenatsunami(海嘯）hitSriLanka,Margaretwasdeeplytouchedbythestoryofaparticularwoman.Afterthevillageshelivedinwasdestroyedbythenaturaldisaster,shelosteverything,includinghersewingmachine,herapproachtofutureearnings.ThisstorymadeMargaretdecidetocollectusedsewingmachinesandsendthemtoSriLanka.Afterattendingalocalnewsprogramwhereshepresentedheridea,shestartedreceivingscoresofsewingmachines.TheSewingMachineProjectcoversabasicyetnecessaryneedofmanyimpoverishedpeoplearoundtheworld.Forthem,sewingcanbeatoolforsurvival.Whetherinafactoryorathome,asewingmachinecanbethedoortobrighterfinancialopportunities.AfterHurricaneKatrinaoccurredin2005,acommunityofNewOrleansthatwearsskilfullymadesuitsfortheirowntraditionalfestivallostmanyoftheirsewingmachines.Sincethen,thenon-profitorganizationhasdistributedhundredsofmachinesamongthecreatorsofthecostumes,helpingthemmaintaintheirculturalidentityaswellastheirincome.1.Whydoestheauthorraisethequestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakereadersreflect. B.Toleaduptotheproject.C.Tostresstheroleofsewing. D.Tointroducesewingmachines.2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Destructionofthe2004tsunami. B.Inspirationfortheorganization.C.ThestoryofawomaninSriLanka. D.TheexperienceofMargaretin2004.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impoverished"Paragraph4mean?A.Disabled. B.Suffering. C.Poor. D.Displaced.4.WhyisthecommunityinNewOrleansmentionedtheend?A.Tointroduceitsculturalidentity.B.Toprovetheimportanceofkeepingtraditions.C.Toexplaintheproject'sachievement.D.Toshowanotherfunctionofsewingmachines.解析：B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中When

Margaret

Jankowski

discovered

thisshe

decided

to

found

The

Sewing

MachineProjectan

organization

that

collects

donated

used

machines

and

redistributes

them

inremote

places

like

Sri

Lanka，Guatemala，Guam，and

Kosovo.（當(dāng)瑪格麗特?揚(yáng)科夫斯基發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，她決定成立縫紉機(jī)項(xiàng)目，該組織收集捐贈(zèng)的舊機(jī)器，并將其重新分發(fā)到斯里蘭卡、危地馬拉、關(guān)島和科索沃等偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。）并結(jié)合下文可知，文章主要講述了Margaret

Jankowski

創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)公益組織，募捐舊縫紉機(jī)并重新分配給有需要的人們，幫他們維持生計(jì)，同時(shí)也使人們保留他們的文化認(rèn)同。由此可知，第一段提出問題的目的是為了引出這個(gè)公益組織的話題。故選B。B.段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中This

story

made

Margaret

decide

to

collect

used

sewing

machines

and

send

themto

Sri

Lanka.（這個(gè)故事讓瑪格麗特決定收集二手縫紉機(jī)，并將其送到斯里蘭卡。）可知，第三段主要講述了Margaret成立The

Sewing

Machine

Project的靈感。故選B。C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段The

Sewing

Machine

Project

covers

a

basic

yet

necessary

need

of

many

impoverished

people

around

the

world.For

them，sewing

can

be

a

tool

for

survival.Whether

in

afactory

or

at

home，a

sewing

machine

can

be

the

door

to

brighter

financial

opportunities.（縫紉機(jī)項(xiàng)目涵蓋了世界各地許多貧困人口的基本需求。對他們來說，縫紉可以成為生存的工具。無論是在工廠還是在家里，縫紉機(jī)都是通向更光明的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)的大門。）可知，劃線詞"impoverished"

意為"貧窮的"。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)：A.Disabled殘疾的；B.Exhausted疲憊的；C.Poor貧窮的；D.Pessimistic悲觀的。故選C。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的A

sewing

machine

can

also

enable

many

to

preserve

their

cultural

identity.AfterHurricane

Katrina

occurred

in

2005，a

community

of

New

Orleans

that

wearsskillfully-made

suits

for

their

own

traditional

festival

lost

many

of

their

sewing

machines.（縫紉機(jī)也能使許多人保持他們的文化身份。2005年卡特里娜颶風(fēng)發(fā)生后，新奧爾良一個(gè)為自己的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日穿著精心制作的西裝的社區(qū)失去了許多縫紉機(jī)。）可知，縫紉機(jī)也能讓更多人保持他們的文化。由此可知，最后一段提到New

Orleans是為了突出它的文化特色。故選A。Passage5Plasticsareamazingmaterials,whicharewidelyusedinourdailylife.Besides,they'reoftencheaptomake.About8.3billionmetrictonsofplastichasbeenproducedtodate.That'sabout1,400timestheweightoftheGreatPyramidofGiza.Someofthatplasticisstillinuse.Butabout5.8billionmetrictonshavebeenthrownaway.Allthatplasticwasteisanenvironmentalscourge（禍根）.Onlyabout9percentofplasticwastehasbeenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned.Theremaining79percenthaswoundupinlandfillsorinnature.Andthatplastic,likeasingleLegoblock,takesalongtimetodecompose(分解）.Plasticlitterstheworldfromthehighestmountaintoptothedeepestseafloor.Manyanimalsmistakethisrubbishforfood.Iftheygetfull,theseanimalsmayforgettoeatrealfoodandsuffer.Plasticrubbishintheoceansalsoleavesbirds,turtlesandotherwildlifeinajam.Bigpiecesofplasticaren'ttheonlyproblem.Abandonedplasticcanbreakintotinybitscalledmicroplastics.Windsblowthesebitsfarandwide.Oceancurrentscanspreadthemthroughoutthesea.Thesepollutantsbuildupinsideanimals.Theyalsogetintoourfoodanddrinkingwater.EachAmericanislikelytoconsumemorethan70,000microplasticpiecesperyear.Rightnow,nooneknowswhatriskthatmightbring.Scientistshavesomeideasabouthowtocleanupthismess.TheOceanCleanupisdevelopingcleanupsystemstofishoutplasticpiecesfromtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Microbesormealwormswithanappetiteforplasticmightsomedayeatthegarbage.Andnewnanotechnologycouldhelpmicroplasticsdecomposeintheenvironment.Butmanyoftheseplansarestillfarfromeffectivesofar.ThebestwaytohelpEarthrightnowistostopbuyingsomuchplastic-andthenthrowingitout-inthefirstplace.1.WhatdoestheLegoblockshowaboutplasticwaste?A.Itishardtobreakdown.B.Littleofithasbeenburned.C.Itiseasytoaccumulate.D.Mostofitendsupinlandfills.2.Howmighttheplasticrubbishinfluenceanimals?A.Bystarvingthem.B.Byreducingtheirfood.C.Bypilingupintheirhomes.D.Bychangingtheenvironment.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepresentmethodsofcleaningplasticwaste?A.Opposed. B.Supportive. C.Objective. D.Doubtful.4.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Tocriticizeplasticproduction.B.Tosuggestwaystohandleplastic.C.Toadvocateenvironmentalprotection.D.Tointroducethestateofplasticpollution.解析：1.A理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Andthatplastic,likeasingleLegoblock,takesalongtimetodecompose(分解）”可知，像樂高積木那樣的塑料垃圾很難分解，故選A。A推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Manyanimalsmistakethisrubbishforfood...suffer'"可推知，許多動(dòng)物會(huì)將塑料垃圾當(dāng)成食物吃掉，吃飽之后，它們可能就忘記吃真正的食物，這最終很可能導(dǎo)致它們餓死26.D理解態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Butmanyoftheseplansarestillfarfromeffectivesofar'"可知，作者對現(xiàn)行的清理塑料垃圾的方案持懷疑態(tài)度，故選DC由每段段首可知，作者對塑料污染帶來的危害持有否定態(tài)度，并且表達(dá)出塑料污染“難處理”“難分解”“對生態(tài)的影響”，最后一段并呼吁我們減少塑料制品的購買，所以是想宣揚(yáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。Passage6ReconAfrica,aCanadianoilandgascompany,hasrentedover34,000sqkmoflandinoneofthelastgreatwildernessesinAfricaforplanstodevelopanewoilfield.Theexploratoryworkhasstarted,andexpertsdisclosethatthenewoilfieldcouldbeamongthebiggestofrecentyears.ButconservationistsareafraidthattheoilfieldacrossBotswanaandNamibiawouldleadtothedevastationoflocalwildlifeandcommunities.Theplansarethelatestthreattoelephantsinthearea,hundredsofwhichhavepassedawayinthepastyears.Scientistsaremakingeffortstodiscoverthecauseoftheirdeathbutbelieveglobalheatingprovidestheperfectenvironmentforalgae(藻類）tofastgrowandthatwhenthereisalargequantityofalgaeintheirwaterholes,deadlypoisonscanbeproduced."ItisincomprehensiblethatReconAfrica'shuntforfossil(化石)fuelsispressingahead,"RosemaryAllesfromGlobalMarchforElephantsandRhinossaid."Herewearewithhundredsofelephantsdying,butafewkilometersawaytheywanttostartdrillingforyetmoreoil."Shenotedthatvibrations(顫動(dòng))andnoisefromexploratoryworkareknowntodisturbelephants,andtheincreaseinconstruction,roadsandtrafficwouldnotonlydrivetheanimalsawaybutalsoopentheareauptohunters.TheNamibiangovernmentsaidonlyexploratorylicenceshadsofarbeengiven,addingthattheexploratorywellsWerenotfoundinany"environmentallysensitiveregionandwillhavenosignificanteffectonourwildlife".Butenvironmentalistsandlocalcommunitiessaidtheprojectcouldharmmainwatersupplies."Everypartofthisoperation—fromnewroadstodrillinglocations—willthreatentheregionalecosystem,"saidNnimmoBassey,directoroftheHealthofMotherEarthFoundation.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastation"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Division. B.Destruction. C.Difference. D.Defence.2.Whatmighthavedirectlycausedelephants'death?A.Theoveruseoffossilfuel.B.Anincreasingamountofalgae.C.Climatechangeontheearth.D.Poisonouswaterpollutedbyoil.3.WhatdoesAllesthinkofReconAfrica'splans?A.Unfavourable. B.Challenging. C.Urgent. D.Illegal.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheecosysteminAfricaisbeingdamaged.B.ReconAfricaplanstoconstructanewoilfield.C.Anewoilfieldthreatensthesurvivalofelephants.D.ThenumberofAfricanelephantsisdeclining.解析：B根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中的but和afraid可知，面線詞所在句與環(huán)保人士對開發(fā)油田的擔(dān)憂有關(guān)。再結(jié)合下文講到的油田計(jì)劃會(huì)干擾大象、污染主要的水源、威脅油田所在地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可知，畫線詞所在句表示環(huán)保人士擔(dān)心油田會(huì)影響當(dāng)?shù)匾吧锏纳?，破壞?dòng)植物群落,故面線詞與B項(xiàng)"破壞，毀壞"的意思最為接近。2. B理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段的"globalheatingprovidestheperfectenvironment.deadlypoisonscanbeproduced”可知，全球熱化為藻類的快速生長提供了完美的環(huán)境，而大象飲水的水坑中的大量藻類會(huì)產(chǎn)生致命的毒素，由此可知,近幾年造成大象死亡的直接原因很可能是不斷增加的藻類，故選B。3. A理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第三段的"vibrations（顫動(dòng)）andnoisefromexploratoryworkareknowntodisturbelephants...opentheareauptohunters"可知,Alles認(rèn)為油田開采作業(yè)帶來的顫勁和噪聲會(huì)干擾大象，不僅會(huì)驅(qū)使它們逃離，還會(huì)讓獵人進(jìn)人該地區(qū)，即油田開發(fā)計(jì)劃會(huì)讓大象陷人危險(xiǎn)，故Alles認(rèn)為油田開發(fā)計(jì)劃是有害的。C理解主旨要義題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了加拿大的公司ReconAfiica計(jì)劃在非洲開發(fā)的油田可能會(huì)破壞該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),尤其會(huì)威脅當(dāng)?shù)卮笙蟮纳?故選CPassage7We'reallfamiliarwithmigration（遷徙）：WildebeestsdashacrossAfrica;monarchbutterfliesflyacrosstheAmericas...Butdidyouknowthatforestsmigrate,too?InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees,sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration,asforestscreepinchbyinchtomorepleasantplaces."Themigrationofaforestisjustthatmanytreessprout（發(fā)芽）inthesamedirection,"St.Georgewrites."Throughthefossilsthatancientforestsleftbehind,scientistscantracktheirmovementoverthousandsofyears.Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents,sometimesfollowingthesameroutemorethanonce,likemigratingbirdsorwhales."Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingforce.Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeedingup,andtreescan'tkeeppace.TakeCaliforniaforexample:It'sgettinghotteranddrierandscientistsestimatethat—Beforetoolong,SequoiaNationalParkmaynotbeabletokeepgiantseguoias（巨杉）."ThescientiststherehadneverseenanythinglikeSt.Georgesays."Theyworried,andIthinkatsomepointwewilllosetheseancienttreesandthatwewillhavetothinkaboutwhatwedowiththeplaces,andwhetherweshouldplantnewgroveswheretheyareeasytogrow."Thisisknownas"assistedmigration"-humansplanttreesinotherplaceswherethey'remorelikelytoflourish.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks—peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces,wheretheymaywipeoutentirenativepopulations.So,St.Georgewrites,there'sadebateamongconservationistsandforesterstoday:Shouldhumanshelpthetreesescape?"Theremaybecaseswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey'llbemoresuitableinthefuture,"St.Georgesays."Sofar,therearenohugemovementsofcitizengroupsmovingtreesnorth.ButthatiskindofonevisionofthefuturethatthepeopleIinterviewsortofhopetosee."1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemigrationofaforest?A.Itismainlytheresultofclimatechange.B.Itoftenfollowscertainmigratingspecies.C.Ittakesthousandsofyearstocompleteit.D.Itisverydifficulttotrackthemigration.2.WhydoestheauthormentionSequoiaNationalPark?A.Tostresstheparkisfacingaseveresituation.B.Toshowtreesfailtoadapttoclimatechange.C.Toprove"assistedmigration"carriesrisks.D.Tostatescientistsarehopefulabouttheenvironment.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"flourish"inParagraph6mean?A.Becomevaluable. B.Developrapidly. C.Growwell. D.Escapediseases.4.What'sSt.George'sattitudetowardshelpingthetreesescape?A.Skeptical. B.Supportive. C.Objective. D.Disapproving.解析：A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第三段Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears，andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingforce.（這已經(jīng)發(fā)生了數(shù)千年，而氣候變化往往是驅(qū)動(dòng)力。）可知，這主要是氣候變化的結(jié)果。故選A。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段Ofcourse，today，climatechangeisspeedingup，andtreescan'tkeeppace.TakeCalifornia：it'sgettinghotteranddryerandscientistsestimatethatbeforetoolong，SequoiaNationalParkmaynotbeabletokeepgiantsequoias（巨杉）.（當(dāng)然，今天，氣候變化正在加速，樹木無法跟上。以加州為例：天氣變得越來越熱、越來越干燥，科學(xué)家估計(jì)，不久之后，紅杉國家公園可能無法留住巨型紅杉了。）可知，說紅杉國家公園的狀況是為了表明句首提到的"樹木不能適應(yīng)氣候變化"這一觀點(diǎn)。故選B。C.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段Thisisknownas"assistedmigration"—humansplantingtreesinotherplaceswherethey'remorelikelytoflourish.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks—peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces，wheretheymaywipeoutentirenativepopulations.（這被稱為"輔助遷移"--人類在其他地方種樹，那里樹木更有可能生長茂盛。但這一過程也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)--人們可能會(huì)意外地將昆蟲和疾病帶到新的地方，在那里它們可能會(huì)消滅整個(gè)本地種群。）可知，劃線處為樹木生長得"好/茂盛"之意。A.Becomevaluable.變得有價(jià)值；B.Developrapidly.發(fā)展迅速；C.Growwell.長得好；D.Escapedisease.躲避疾病。故選C。C.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文末段"Theremaybecaseswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey'llbemoresuitableinthefuture，"St.Georgesays."Sofar，therearenohugemovementsofcitizengroupsmovingtreesnorth.ButthatiskindofonevisionofthefuturethatthepeopleIinterviewsortofhopetosee."（在某些情況下，人們可能會(huì)介入，幫助物種遷移到未來更適合它們的地方，"圣喬治說。"到目前為止，還沒有公民組織將樹木移到北方的大規(guī)模行動(dòng)。但這是我采訪的人希望看到的未來愿景。"）可知作者是持客觀的態(tài)度。故選C。Passage8Whenyouwalkonasandybeach,ittakesmoreenergythanwalkingdownasidewalk-becausetheweightofyourbodypushesyouintothesand.Itturnsoutthatthesamethingistrueforvehiclesdrivingonroads."Theweightofthevehiclescreatesaveryshallowindentation（四痕）inthepavement—likeit'scontinuouslydrivingupaveryshallowhill,"saidJeremyGregory,ascientistatMIT.Hemodeledwithhisteammateshowmuchenergycouldbesavedandhowmuchgreenhousegasescouldbeavoidedbysimplyhardeningthenation'sroadsandhighways.