語(yǔ)法02 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（練習(xí)）

第02講動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（模擬精練+真題演練）模擬精煉一、根據(jù)提示詞完成句子1．（2023·浙江杭州·校聯(lián)考一模）Shenevertookataxi,eventhoughshecoulda________thecost.2．（2023·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考一模）Kindnessdoesn’tc________athing,yetit’stherichestgiftyoucangive.3．（2023·浙江杭州·統(tǒng)考一模）Whenyous________aword,youwriteorspeakeachletterinthewordinthecorrectorder.4．（2023·四川內(nèi)江·一模）Themusic,ErquanYingyue,s________beautifulbutsad.ItisatraditionaltreasureofChina.5．（2023·四川自貢·一模）Theteamwonthefootballgame.Theydidn’td________thefans.6．（2023·山東日照·日照二模）Weareencouragedtoridebicyclesforitdoesn’tc________airorwaterpollution.7．（2023·新疆·統(tǒng)考三模）Myparentsdon’ta___________metohangoutwithfriendsonweekdays.8．（2023·山東日照·日照市二模）—Whattimeisit?—Justaminute,Iwillc________itforyou.9．（2023·安徽安慶·安慶三模）Tobesafe,studentsshoulda_________（避免）goingoutaloneatnight.10．（2023·安徽合肥·統(tǒng)考二模）Thekindyoungmanp________（同情）thepoorandoftengivesawaymoneytothem.11．（2023·安徽滁州·統(tǒng)考二模）Look,thepicturestheytooklastweeka________（出現(xiàn)）onthemagazine.12．（2023·安徽蚌埠·統(tǒng)考二模）Hiseffortstobetterhiswritingp________（證明是）successful.13．（2023·安徽合肥·校聯(lián)考三模）Parentsshouldknowhowtot________(對(duì)待)boysexactlythesameasgirls.14．（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模）Idon’t________（懷疑）thatshewillachievesuccess.15．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考三模）Teachers________(主動(dòng)提出)mealotofhelpwhenImeetwithallkindsofproblems.16．（2023·四川宜賓·統(tǒng)考二模）Inordertocatchthecriminals,thepoliceaskMaryto________(描述)themclearly.17．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）WhenIgethomefromschool,Iusually________(放松)bywatchingsportsprograms.18．（2022下·江蘇蘇州·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）Luckilynoonewashurt,butthesmokefromthefire_________

(升起)straightlyupintheair.19．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考二模）Tomandhisbrother________(許諾)theirmotherthattheywilldochoreseveryday.20．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考三模）Ourteacheroften________(givesb.thecouragetodosth.)usnottobeafraidofthefailure.二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空21．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考二模）It’sreportedthatadeepbreathoften________(help)whenyoufeelstressed.22．（2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）TheTV________（be）inventedbeforethecar.23．（2023·甘肅隴南·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Doyoulie________(awake)thinkingaboutthings?24．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考一模）There________(be)twoimportantcompetitionsinourschoollastweek.25．（2022·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheteachertoldusthatthegravityonMars______(be)onlyaboutthree-eighthsofthatonEarth.26．（2021·江蘇無(wú)錫·校聯(lián)考二模）—Youseemedbusyjustnow.Haveyougotaminutenow,sir?—Sure.I________(reply)toanimportante-mail.It’sdone.So,what’sup?27．（2022·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考二模）Wewillgoonapicnicifit________(notrain)thisafternoon.28．（2023·上海青浦·統(tǒng)考二模）Themagiciansurprisedtheaudiencebymakingtherabbit________inhishat.(appear)29．（2023·黑龍江·校聯(lián)考一模）Therich________（be）notalwayshappy.Everyonehasworries.30．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考三模）Mostofthestudentsthinkthreeyearsofjuniorhighschoollife________（be）notlong.三、單項(xiàng)選擇31．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）There________anumberofanimalsinthezoo.Thenumberofthem________twothousand.A．is;are B．a(chǎn)re;is C．is;is D．a(chǎn)re;are32．（2023·黑龍江綏化·?？级＃㏕hispairoftrousers________smoothbecausetheyaremadeofChinesesilk.A．feels B．feel C．isfelt33．（2023·福建廈門(mén)·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—WhatdoyouthinkofthesongTogetherforasharedfuture?—It________reallynice.A．looks B．smells C．sounds34．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·長(zhǎng)春市解放大路學(xué)校校考二模）Thenoodles__________alittlesalty.Thereisnoneedtoaddmoresalt.A．look B．tasteC．smell D．sound35．（2023·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考二模）Mikealongwithhisparents________goingonaself-ridingjourneytoTibet(西藏)nextsummer.A．is B．was C．Are36．（2023·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考三模）—Something________good.—Ithinkit’sbeefsteakinthepan.A．looks B．tastes C．smells37．（2023·安徽合肥·統(tǒng)考三模）—Whathappened?—Jackphonedmelastevening,andhisvoice________strangeonthephone.A．looked B．sounded C．tasted D．smelled38．（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥ば？既＃猋oure-mailaddressagain?I________quitecatchit.—It’shyz@.A．can’t B．couldn’t C．don’t D．didn’t39．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）Inthelatesttalkshow,hisjokemadeallofus________.A．laugh B．tolaugh C．laughing40．（2023·黑龍江綏化·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wearesupposedto________ahobbyinsteadofspendingmuchtimeonsmartphones.A．takeup B．putoff C．giveout41．（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Lotsoffansstoodoutsidethehotelandhopedtoseethepopularsinger,butshedidn’t________.A．stayup B．giveup C．showup42．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Canyouhelpmeto________mydogwhenI’mawayonholiday?A．lookat B．lookafter C．looklike D．lookup43．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,carshave_________horsesforpeopletotravelin.A．knockedover B．thrownover C．checkedover D．takenover44．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Thatphotoalways________wonderfulmemorieswheneverIseeit.A．putsoff B．bringsback C．writesdown D．makesup45．（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabadsituationifwe________it.A．lookfor B．listento C．talkabout46．（2023·浙江溫州·校聯(lián)考二模）Theclassroomisverydirty.Youneedto________.A．cleanupit B．cleanthemup C．cleanupthem D．cleanitup47．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·校聯(lián)考一模）Thebestthingwecandoisto________thekindnesstothepeoplearoundusinordertomakethesocietybetter.A．a(chǎn)greeon B．holdon C．liveon D．passon48．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）—Hello,canIspeaktotheCustomerServiceDepartment?

—Holdon,please.I’llhelpyou________.putout B．putin C．putthrough D．puttogether49．（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模）Ifwedon’ttakeactionrightnow,naturalresourceswill________soonerorlater.A．runout B．turnout C．takeout D．putout50．（2023·江蘇泰州·?？既＃狦oodnews!AcompanyproducingaspecialbatterywillbesetupinTaizhou.—True!Aseriesofnewpolicieshave________theuseofnewenergycarsaroundChinarecently.A．pushedin B．putout C．pushedfor D．putup四、多句選詞填空（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考二模）從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或短語(yǔ)并用其正確的形式填空(每個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)只能用一次)。visit;

writeto;

cutdown;

lookthrough;

showaninterestin;little;

openup;

handin;

takeamessage;

inone’ssparetime51．________________,DanieloftenhelpslookaftertheanimalsatXinpuZoo.52．Theoldtree________________soonbecauseofthedisease.Hollywantstoplantanewonethere.53．Jackisn’tatschooltoday.Wouldyoubekindenough________________tohim,Suzy?54．InGardenExpoPark,Ifoundaforeign___________passportandreturnedittohimatonce.55．Look!Kitty_______________theshoppinglistquicklyandworkingouttheprice.56．“Peter,youshould________________yourhomeworktomorrowmorning.”Theteachersaid.57．David________________hispen-friendat8o’clocklastnight.58．Tomalways________________outerspaceanddreamsofbecominganastronaut.59．Shirleyspends________________timeonTiktokinherclass.Shethinksit’sawasteoftime.60．Sofar,thescientists________________awholenewworldtousinAI.五、語(yǔ)法填空（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空,使短文完整。MajorGeneralJingHaipeng,oneofthefirstgenerationofChineseastronauts,isthefirstChineseperson____61____（return）tospaceandtravelthree____62____（time）intoorbit.OnTuesday,hewouldcarryoutafourthspacejourneythroughShenzhouXVImission.Sofar,he____63____（be）acrewcommanderforthethirdtime.BorntoapoorfamilyinavillageinShanxiprovince’sYunchengcity,Jingisthefirstchildofhisfarmerparents.Jingstudiedveryhardatschoolinthehopeof____64____（go）touniversitytogetthefamilyoutofpovertyandmakehisparentshappy.Sohenever____65____（buy）asinglemealatmiddleschoolandlivedondryfoodandsaltedvegetableshebroughtfromhome.“Thehardlifehadnotonlygivenmethecouragetofacesomany____66____（difficulty）andchallenges,butalsoinspired（鼓舞）metochasemydream.”hesaid.“Atmiddleschool,IwishedIcouldbecomeafighterjetpilot,protectingourmotherland’sblueskies.”Jingsaid.ThechancesooncameinMarch1985,theyoungmanappliedandtookpartinthechoiceprocesssuccessfully.Threemonths____67____（late）,hewenttoanAirForceflightcollegeinBaoding,Hebeiprovince.Afterfiveandahalfyearsofstrongtraining,Jingwasdesignatedtoafighterjetunitattheageof24.“Ialwaystold____68____（I）thattoppilotsonlycomefromthosewhotrainhardest.”Jingsaid.Intheyearsinthefighterjetunit,he____69____（consider）asanexcellentpilot.Inthesummerof1996,Jingwastold____70____（experience）physicalexamsbyhisleaderwithoutknowingthereason.HesoonlearnedthatthebodycheckwaspartofthechoiceforChina’sfirstastronauts.真題演練1．（2023·青海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thankstothehelpofthegovernment,farmersinChinaare________ahappierandricherlife.A．living B．changing C．planting2．（2023·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Wearedeeply_________bythestoryofMuShengzhong,whoseteamstartedbuildingroadinHaixiinthe1950s.A．hurt B．moved C．troubled3．（2023·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）AccordingtotheWorldHappinessReport2023,Finland(芬蘭)istheworld’shappiestcountry.People________moretimewithfamiliesandfriendsthere.A．cost B．spend C．pay4．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Theairinourcitybecomesfresherandfresher.—Ithinkso.Tocutdownairpollution,manyfactories________newenergycars.A．produce B．throw C．cancel D．divide5．（2023·湖北十堰·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Myfriendpromisedtocometomybirthdayparty.However,hedidn’t________intheend.A．giveup B．cutup C．showup D．pickup6．（2023·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tom,anEnglishdoctor,hopestogo________forvacation.Chinaishisfirstchoice.A．back B．down C．a(chǎn)broad D．up7．（2023·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Areyoureadyfortheshow?—No.It’seasyto________aplaybutdifficulttoactitout.A．makeup B．takeup C．lookup D．putup8．（2023·山東東營(yíng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Scientistsfoundthatdogsmayknowhuman’sfeelingsby________ourbreathandsweat(汗).A．tasting B．smelling C．touching D．watching9．（2023·山東東營(yíng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Usingpublictransportationisagoodwayto________airpollution.A．dealwith B．checkout C．careabout D．takedown10．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）IlovedthebooksomuchthatIcouldhardly________.A．putitup B．putitdown C．putiton D．putitout11．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Ifyouputallyoureggsinonebasket,you________losingeverythingallatonetime.A．risk B．enjoy C．a(chǎn)void D．consider12．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Dad,whatareyoucooking?It________sogood.—Themaindishforourdinner.Youwilllikeit.A．gets B．smells C．sounds D．tastes13．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）OnSeptember1,students________theirnewschooluniformstogotoschoolhappily.A．takeoff B．giveaway C．makeup D．puton14．（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Youshould________thetimewithyourparentsbecauseyouwillleavethemwhenyougrowup.A．change B．stop C．a(chǎn)void D．value15．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真題）Thescarf________soft.Ilikeitverymuch.A．tastes B．feels C．sounds16．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Lindalikesto________pensandshehashadallkindsofpenssofar.A．collect B．throw C．lose D．give17．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Myfriendcanalways_______goodideastosolvehisproblems.A．keepawayfrom B．takecareof C．getonwith D．comeupwith18．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Let’sgoandgetsomethingtoeat.Whatdoyou________?—Howaboutfishandchips?A．suggest B．imagine C．suppose D．insist19．（2023·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Whenautumncomes,leavesstartto________fromthetrees.A．grow B．fall C．a(chǎn)ppear D．come20．（2023·江蘇泰州·中考真題）ZhangHua,ourmonitor,isorganizedandthoughtfulenoughto________timewell.A．reduce B．manage C．control D．influence21．（2023·江蘇泰州·中考真題）Mostneighbours________thehabitofsquaredancingtocreateaquieterenvironmentforus.A．getinto B．careabout C．carryon D．giveup22．（2023·新疆·中考真題）—Whatabilitiesshouldadogtrainerhave?—Ithinkheshouldberesponsibleandnever___________.A．giveaway B．giveout C．giveback D．giveup23．（2023·四川遂寧·中考真題）—It’ssaidthatChatGPThasbothgoodandbadsides.—Well,itall________howyouuseitA．leadsto B．soundslikeC．turnsinto D．dependson24．（2023·遼寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）WhilestayinginBeijing,theforeignersliketo________inBeijinghutongs.A．hangout B．bringout C．tryout D．setout25．（2023·遼寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—WillMr.Licometotheparty?—Yes.He________myinvitationhappily.A．reached B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．a(chǎn)chieved D．expressed

第02講動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)模擬精煉一、根據(jù)提示詞完成句子1．（2023·浙江杭州·校聯(lián)考一模）Shenevertookataxi,eventhoughshecoulda________thecost.【答案】(a)fford【詳解】句意：她從不打出租車(chē)，即使她能擔(dān)負(fù)起費(fèi)用。根據(jù)could后是動(dòng)詞原形，及橫線后的thecost費(fèi)用，所以應(yīng)是afford承擔(dān)起。故填(a)fford。2．（2023·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考一模）Kindnessdoesn’tc________athing,yetit’stherichestgiftyoucangive.【答案】(c)ost【詳解】句意：善良不需要付出任何代價(jià)，但它是你能給予的最豐厚的禮物。分析句子可知，此空缺動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)首字母和句意可知，應(yīng)填cost“花費(fèi)”，故填(c)ost。3．（2023·浙江杭州·統(tǒng)考一模）Whenyous________aword,youwriteorspeakeachletterinthewordinthecorrectorder.【答案】(s)pell【詳解】句意：當(dāng)你拼寫(xiě)一個(gè)單詞的時(shí)候，你以正確的順序?qū)懗龌蛘哒f(shuō)出這個(gè)單詞里的每一個(gè)字母。根據(jù)“youwriteorspeakeachletterinthewordinthecorrectorder.”可知，這一行為是拼寫(xiě)單詞，故填(s)pell。4．（2023·四川內(nèi)江·一模）Themusic,ErquanYingyue,s________beautifulbutsad.ItisatraditionaltreasureofChina.【答案】(s)ounds【詳解】句意：音樂(lè)《二泉映月》聽(tīng)起來(lái)美麗但悲傷。它是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)瑰寶。根據(jù)題干和首字母提示可知，此處表示“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式sounds。故填(s)ounds。5．（2023·四川自貢·一模）Theteamwonthefootballgame.Theydidn’td________thefans.【答案】(d)isappoint【詳解】句意：這個(gè)隊(duì)贏得了足球賽。他們沒(méi)有讓球迷失望。根據(jù)“Theteamwonthefootballgame.”以及首字母可知，贏得了比賽，所以沒(méi)有讓球迷失望。disappoint“使失望”，動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填(d)isappoint。6．（2023·山東日照·日照二模）Weareencouragedtoridebicyclesforitdoesn’tc________airorwaterpollution.【答案】(c)ause【詳解】句意：我們被鼓勵(lì)騎自行車(chē)，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)造成空氣或水污染。根據(jù)下文“airorwaterpollution”可知，此處指的是造成空氣或水污染。cause作動(dòng)詞，意為“造成”，空格前為助動(dòng)詞“doesn’t”，故cause應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填(c)ause。7．（2023·新疆·統(tǒng)考三模）Myparentsdon’ta___________metohangoutwithfriendsonweekdays.【答案】(a)llow【詳解】句意：我的父母不允許我和朋友在工作日閑逛。助動(dòng)詞don’t后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。hangoutwithfriendsonweekdays意為“和朋友在工作日閑逛”。結(jié)合首字母a可知，此處要表達(dá)“允許”的意思。也就是說(shuō)“我和朋友在工作日閑逛”這種事情是不被父母允許的。allowsb.todosth.意為“允許某人做某事”。故填(a)llow。8．（2023·山東日照·日照市二模）—Whattimeisit?—Justaminute,Iwillc________itforyou.【答案】(c)heck【詳解】句意：——現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？——請(qǐng)稍等，我?guī)湍悴橐幌?。根?jù)“Whattimeisit?”和首字母可知，此處是指查看時(shí)間，check“查看”，動(dòng)詞，will后加動(dòng)詞原形，故填(c)heck。9．（2023·安徽安慶·安慶三模）Tobesafe,studentsshoulda_________（避免）goingoutaloneatnight.【答案】(a)void【詳解】句意：為了安全起見(jiàn)，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該避免晚上獨(dú)自外出。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母可知，此處應(yīng)填avoid“避免”，又因?yàn)榭涨皊hould可知，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(a)void。10．（2023·安徽合肥·統(tǒng)考二模）Thekindyoungmanp________（同情）thepoorandoftengivesawaymoneytothem.【答案】(p)ities【詳解】句意：這位善良的年輕人同情窮人，經(jīng)常把錢(qián)捐給他們。pity“同情”，由gives可知時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)man是單數(shù)，接動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。故填(p)ities。11．（2023·安徽滁州·統(tǒng)考二模）Look,thepicturestheytooklastweeka________（出現(xiàn)）onthemagazine.【答案】(a)ppear【詳解】句意：看，他們上周拍的照片出現(xiàn)在雜志上了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子是一個(gè)含有定語(yǔ)從句的句子，其主句是“thepicturesa…onthemagazine”，由字母及中文提示可知，appear出現(xiàn)，動(dòng)詞；又根據(jù)“Look”可知，句子應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)thepictures是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞appear用原形。故填(a)ppear。12．（2023·安徽蚌埠·統(tǒng)考二模）Hiseffortstobetterhiswritingp________（證明是）successful.【答案】(p)roved【詳解】句意：他努力改進(jìn)自己的寫(xiě)作，結(jié)果證明是成功的。prove“證明是”，在該句中是系動(dòng)詞，描述過(guò)去的事情時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，prove變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。故填(p)roved。13．（2023·安徽合肥·校聯(lián)考三模）Parentsshouldknowhowtot________(對(duì)待)boysexactlythesameasgirls.【答案】(t)reat【詳解】句意：父母應(yīng)該知道如何完全同等對(duì)待男孩和女孩。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)“對(duì)待”提示，及“howto+動(dòng)詞原形”應(yīng)是treat。故填(t)reat。14．（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模）Idon’t________（懷疑）thatshewillachievesuccess.【答案】doubt【詳解】句意：我不懷疑她將會(huì)取得成功。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)“懷疑”提示及助動(dòng)詞后是動(dòng)詞原形，應(yīng)是doubt。故填doubt。15．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考三模）Teachers________(主動(dòng)提出)mealotofhelpwhenImeetwithallkindsofproblems.【答案】offer【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我遇到各種各樣的問(wèn)題時(shí)，老師會(huì)給我很多幫助。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，應(yīng)填offer“主動(dòng)提出”，本句為陳述事實(shí)，所以時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)Teachers為復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，故填offer。16．（2023·四川宜賓·統(tǒng)考二模）Inordertocatchthecriminals,thepoliceaskMaryto________(描述)themclearly.【答案】describe【詳解】句意：為了抓住罪犯，警察要求瑪麗把他們描述清楚。describe“描述”，asksbtodosth“要求某人做某事”，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故填describe。17．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考二模）WhenIgethomefromschool,Iusually________(放松)bywatchingsportsprograms.【答案】relax【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我放學(xué)回家時(shí)，我通常通過(guò)看體育節(jié)目來(lái)放松。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，relax“放松”，動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)“WhenIgethomefromschool,Iusually...”可知本句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)，所以動(dòng)詞用原形，故填relax。18．（2022下·江蘇蘇州·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）Luckilynoonewashurt,butthesmokefromthefire_________

(升起)straightlyupintheair.【答案】rose【詳解】句意：幸運(yùn)的是，沒(méi)有人受傷，但大火的煙直升到空中。rise“升起”，不及物動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)was可知，此句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故填rose。19．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考二模）Tomandhisbrother________(許諾)theirmotherthattheywilldochoreseveryday.【答案】promise【詳解】句意：湯姆和他的哥哥向他們的媽媽保證他們會(huì)每天做家務(wù)?！跋蚰橙顺兄Z”promisesb(that)...，由“thattheywilldochoreseveryday”可知是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填promise。20．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考三模）Ourteacheroften________(givesb.thecouragetodosth.)usnottobeafraidofthefailure.【答案】encourages【詳解】句意：我們的老師經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)我們不要害怕失敗。根據(jù)英文提示“givesb.thecouragetodosth.”給某人勇氣去做某事，可知，是動(dòng)詞“encourage”，主語(yǔ)“Ourteacher”是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填encourages。二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空21．（2023·江蘇無(wú)錫·統(tǒng)考二模）It’sreportedthatadeepbreathoften________(help)whenyoufeelstressed.【答案】helps【詳解】句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，當(dāng)你感到有壓力時(shí)，深呼吸通常會(huì)有所幫助。分析題干，主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句一般保持原有時(shí)態(tài)。在表語(yǔ)從句“adeepbreathoften…”中，根據(jù)主謂一致原則，此處help為不及物動(dòng)詞，作謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是“adeepbreath”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式helps。故填helps。22．（2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）TheTV________（be）inventedbeforethecar.【答案】was【詳解】句意：電視是在汽車(chē)發(fā)明之前發(fā)明的?！癟heTV電視”是被發(fā)明的，所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（bedone），主語(yǔ)是“TheTV”，根據(jù)“beforethecar”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以be動(dòng)詞用was。23．（2023·甘肅隴南·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Doyoulie________(awake)thinkingaboutthings?【答案】awake【詳解】句意：你會(huì)躺著睡不著想事情嗎？awake“醒著的”為形容詞，空格前l(fā)ie為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填awake。24．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考一模）There________(be)twoimportantcompetitionsinourschoollastweek.【答案】were【詳解】句意：上周我們學(xué)校有兩場(chǎng)重要的比賽。根據(jù)“twoimportantcompetitions”可知，此處be動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，再由“l(fā)astweek”可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，句子應(yīng)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此be動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。故填were。25．（2022·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheteachertoldusthatthegravityonMars______(be)onlyaboutthree-eighthsofthatonEarth.【答案】is【詳解】句意：老師告訴我們，火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含賓語(yǔ)從句，從句描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“thegravity”是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用is。故填is。26．（2021·江蘇無(wú)錫·校聯(lián)考二模）—Youseemedbusyjustnow.Haveyougotaminutenow,sir?—Sure.I________(reply)toanimportante-mail.It’sdone.So,what’sup?【答案】wasreplying【詳解】句意：——你剛才好像很忙。你現(xiàn)在有時(shí)間嗎，先生？——當(dāng)然。我在回一封重要的電子郵件。它完成了。所以，有什么事嗎？reply回復(fù)；根據(jù)下文“It’sdone”，結(jié)合對(duì)方的描述“Youseemedbusyjustnow”，可知“我當(dāng)時(shí)在回復(fù)電子郵件”，需用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；主語(yǔ)I是第一人稱(chēng)，系動(dòng)詞需用was，故填wasreplying。27．（2022·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考二模）Wewillgoonapicnicifit________(notrain)thisafternoon.【答案】doesn’train【詳解】句意：如果今天下午不下雨，我們將去野餐。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代將來(lái)時(shí)。rain意為“下雨”，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成否定要借助助動(dòng)詞，且主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，因此助動(dòng)詞為does。根據(jù)提示可知，空處需要填寫(xiě)否定形式，故填doesn’train。28．（2023·上海青浦·統(tǒng)考二模）Themagiciansurprisedtheaudiencebymakingtherabbit________inhishat.(appear)【答案】disappear【詳解】句意：魔術(shù)師讓兔子消失在帽子里，讓觀眾大吃一驚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，makesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”，make是使役動(dòng)詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)“Themagiciansurprisedtheaudience”和所給詞可知，是讓兔子消失在帽子里，appear“出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)”，disappear“消失,不見(jiàn)”。故填disappear。29．（2023·黑龍江·校聯(lián)考一模）Therich________（be）notalwayshappy.Everyonehasworries.【答案】are【詳解】句意：富人并不總是開(kāi)心的。每個(gè)人都有煩惱。根據(jù)“Everyonehasworries.”可知句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；“the+形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人，指復(fù)數(shù)，所以therich表示復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are。故填are。30．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考三模）Mostofthestudentsthinkthreeyearsofjuniorhighschoollife________（be）notlong.【答案】is【詳解】句意：大多數(shù)學(xué)生認(rèn)為三年的初中生活并不長(zhǎng)。此句為賓語(yǔ)從句，“threeyearsofjuniorhighschoollife”為句子主語(yǔ)，中心詞為“l(fā)ife”，表示一般事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞用is。故填is。三、單項(xiàng)選擇31．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）There________anumberofanimalsinthezoo.Thenumberofthem________twothousand.A．is;are B．a(chǎn)re;is C．is;is D．a(chǎn)re;are【答案】B【詳解】句意：動(dòng)物園里有許多動(dòng)物，它們的數(shù)量是兩千。考查主謂一致。anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思“許多……”，看作復(fù)數(shù)，故第一空用are。thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“……的數(shù)量”，看作三單，故第二空用is。故選B。32．（2023·黑龍江綏化·?？级＃㏕hispairoftrousers________smoothbecausetheyaremadeofChinesesilk.A．feels B．feel C．isfelt【答案】A【詳解】句意：這條褲子摸起來(lái)很光滑，因?yàn)樗鼈兪怯弥袊?guó)絲綢做的?？疾楦泄賱?dòng)詞。feel“摸起來(lái)”，感官動(dòng)詞，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除C選項(xiàng)。陳述客觀事實(shí)，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“Thispairoftrousers”后接動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式feels。故選A。33．（2023·福建廈門(mén)·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—WhatdoyouthinkofthesongTogetherforasharedfuture?—It________reallynice.A．looks B．smells C．sounds【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你覺(jué)得歌曲《一起向未來(lái)》怎么樣？——聽(tīng)起來(lái)真的很好聽(tīng)。考查感官動(dòng)詞。look看起來(lái)；smell聞起來(lái)；sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)。根據(jù)“WhatdoyouthinkofthesongTogetherforasharedfuture?”可知，這首歌聽(tīng)起來(lái)很不錯(cuò)，故選C。34．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·長(zhǎng)春市解放大路學(xué)校?？级＃㏕henoodles__________alittlesalty.Thereisnoneedtoaddmoresalt.A．look B．tasteC．smell D．sound【答案】B【詳解】句意：面條嘗起來(lái)有點(diǎn)咸，沒(méi)必要再加鹽了?？疾楦泄賱?dòng)詞詞義辨析。look看起來(lái)；taste嘗起來(lái)；smell聞起來(lái)；sound聞起來(lái)。根據(jù)“Thenoodles…alittlesalty.”可知，面條有點(diǎn)咸，應(yīng)該用感官動(dòng)詞taste表示“嘗起來(lái)”。故選B。35．（2023·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考二模）Mikealongwithhisparents________goingonaself-ridingjourneytoTibet(西藏)nextsummer.A．is B．was C．a(chǎn)re【答案】A【詳解】句意：明年夏天，邁克和他的父母將自駕前往西藏。考查be動(dòng)詞。is是，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)；was是，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)；are是，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于第二人稱(chēng)單復(fù)數(shù)、第一和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)“nextsummer”可知本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，be+v-ing可表示將來(lái)的打算，主語(yǔ)為“Mike”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故選A。36．（2023·福建泉州·統(tǒng)考三模）—Something________good.—Ithinkit’sbeefsteakinthepan.A．looks B．tastes C．smells【答案】C【詳解】句意：——聞起來(lái)真香?！蚁胧清伬锏呐Ｅ??？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。looks看起來(lái)；tastes嘗起來(lái)；smells聞起來(lái)。根據(jù)“Ithinkit’sbeefsteakinthepan.”可知，是鍋里的牛排，因此應(yīng)該是聞起來(lái)很香。故選C。37．（2023·安徽合肥·統(tǒng)考三模）—Whathappened?—Jackphonedmelastevening,andhisvoice________strangeonthephone.A．looked B．sounded C．tasted D．smelled【答案】B【詳解】句意：——發(fā)生什么了？——杰克昨晚上給我打電話，他的聲音在電話里聽(tīng)起來(lái)很奇怪?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。looked看上去；sounded聽(tīng)起來(lái)；tasted嘗起來(lái)；smelled聞起來(lái)。根據(jù)“andhisvoice…strangeonthephone”可知，此處指聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)奇怪。故選B。38．（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥ば？既＃猋oure-mailaddressagain?I________quitecatchit.—It’shyz@.A．can’t B．couldn’t C．don’t D．didn’t【答案】D【詳解】句意：——再說(shuō)一遍你的電子郵件地址？我剛才沒(méi)有跟上你?！莌yz@?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。can’t不能；couldn’t不能，過(guò)去式；don’t沒(méi)有；didn’t沒(méi)有，過(guò)去式。根據(jù)“Youre-mailaddressagain?”可知是剛才沒(méi)有跟上，故此處表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，變否定句借助助動(dòng)詞didn’t。故選D。39．（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）Inthelatesttalkshow,hisjokemadeallofus________.A．laugh B．tolaugh C．laughing【答案】A【詳解】句意：在最近的脫口秀節(jié)目中，他的笑話把我們都逗笑了?？疾槭挂蹌?dòng)詞make的用法。make“使，讓”，用法是：makesb.dosth.“使某人做某事”。故選A。40．（2023·黑龍江綏化·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wearesupposedto________ahobbyinsteadofspendingmuchtimeonsmartphones.A．takeup B．putoff C．giveout【答案】A【詳解】句意：我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成一種愛(ài)好，而不是花很多時(shí)間在智能手機(jī)上。考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。takeup養(yǎng)成；putoff推遲；giveout分發(fā)。根據(jù)“ahobby”可知是培養(yǎng)一個(gè)愛(ài)好。故選A。41．（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Lotsoffansstoodoutsidethehotelandhopedtoseethepopularsinger,butshedidn’t________.A．stayup B．giveup C．showup【答案】C【詳解】句意：很多歌迷站在酒店外，希望能見(jiàn)到這位流行歌手，但她沒(méi)有露面?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。stayup熬夜；giveup放棄；showup出現(xiàn)，露面。根據(jù)“hopedtoseethepopularsinger”可知此處showup“露面”符合語(yǔ)境，歌迷希望見(jiàn)到這位歌手，但她沒(méi)有露面。故選C。42．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Canyouhelpmeto________mydogwhenI’mawayonholiday?A．lookat B．lookafter C．looklike D．lookup【答案】B【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我去度假的時(shí)候，你能幫我照顧一下我的狗嗎？考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。lookat看；lookafter照顧；looklike看起來(lái)像；lookup查閱。根據(jù)“Canyouhelpmeto...mydogwhenI’mawayonholiday?”可知，此處是幫我照顧我的狗。故選B。43．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,carshave_________horsesforpeopletotravelin.A．knockedover B．thrownover C．checkedover D．takenover【答案】D【詳解】句意：隨著科技的發(fā)展，汽車(chē)已經(jīng)取代了馬供人們出行?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。knockedover偷竊；thrownover拋棄；checkedover檢查；takenover接替，取而代之。根據(jù)“carshave...horsesforpeopletotravelin.”可知，在人們出行方面應(yīng)是汽車(chē)取代了馬，故選D。44．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Thatphotoalways________wonderfulmemorieswheneverIseeit.A．putsoff B．bringsback C．writesdown D．makesup【答案】B【詳解】句意：每當(dāng)我看到那張照片時(shí)，它總是讓我回想起美好的回憶?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。putoff推遲；bringback使……回憶起來(lái)；writedown寫(xiě)下；makeup構(gòu)成。根據(jù)“wonderfulmemorieswheneverIseeit.”可知，照片總能使我回憶起美好的記憶。故選B。45．（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabadsituationifwe________it.A．lookfor B．listento C．talkabout【答案】A【詳解】句意：如果我們尋找，我們總能在糟糕的情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)好的事情?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。lookfor尋找；listento聽(tīng)；talkabout談?wù)摗８鶕?jù)“Wecanalwaysfindsomethinggoodinabadsituationifwe…it”可知，如果尋找，會(huì)在糟糕的情況下發(fā)現(xiàn)好的事情，故選A。46．（2023·浙江溫州·校聯(lián)考二模）Theclassroomisverydirty.Youneedto________.A．cleanupit B．cleanthemup C．cleanupthem D．cleanitup【答案】D【詳解】句意：教室很臟。你得把它清理干凈?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和代詞辨析。it它；them它們。此處是代指classroom，應(yīng)用it；cleanup是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ)，人稱(chēng)代詞作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放中間，故選D。47．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·校聯(lián)考一模）Thebestthingwecandoisto________thekindnesstothepeoplearoundusinordertomakethesocietybetter.A．a(chǎn)greeon B．holdon C．liveon D．passon【答案】D【詳解】句意：為了讓社會(huì)變得更好，我們能做的最好的事情就是把善良傳遞給我們周?chē)娜恕？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。agreeon對(duì)……取得一致意見(jiàn)；holdon堅(jiān)持；liveon以……為食；passon傳遞。根據(jù)“thekindnesstothepeoplearoundus”可知，這里指把善良傳遞給周?chē)娜恕９蔬xD。48．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考一模）—Hello,canIspeaktotheCustomerServiceDepartment?

—Holdon,please.I’llhelpyou________.A．putout B．putin C．putthrough D．puttogether【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你好，我可以跟客服部門(mén)通話嗎？——請(qǐng)稍等。我會(huì)幫你接通電話?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。putout熄滅；putin投入；putthrough接通電話；puttogether組合。根據(jù)“canIspeaktotheCustomerServiceDepartment”和“I’llhelpyou”可知，應(yīng)是要幫忙接通客服部的電話，故選C。49．（2023·江蘇宿遷·校聯(lián)考一模）Ifwedon’ttakeactionrightnow,naturalresourceswill________soonerorlater.A．runout B．turnout C．takeout D．putout【答案】A【詳解】句意：如果我們現(xiàn)在不采取行動(dòng)，自然資源遲早會(huì)耗盡?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。runout用盡；turnout結(jié)果是；takeout取出；putout撲滅。根據(jù)“Ifwedon’ttakeactionrightnow,naturalresourceswill…soonerorlater.”可知是讓我們盡快采取行動(dòng)，所以空處填“用盡”符合句意，其他選項(xiàng)意思不符。故選A。50．（2023·江蘇泰州·?？既＃狦oodnews!AcompanyproducingaspecialbatterywillbesetupinTaizhou.—True!Aseriesofnewpolicieshave________theuseofnewenergycarsaroundChinarecently.A．pushedin B．putout C．pushedfor D．putup【答案】C【詳解】句意：——好消息！臺(tái)州將成立一家生產(chǎn)特殊電池的公司?！娴?！最近，一系列新政策推動(dòng)了中國(guó)各地新能源汽車(chē)的使用?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。pushedin插隊(duì)；putout撲滅；pushedfor奮力爭(zhēng)取，推動(dòng)；putup張貼。根據(jù)“Aseriesofnewpolicieshave…theuseofnewenergycarsaroundChina”可知，新政策推動(dòng)了新能源汽車(chē)的使用，故選C。四、多句選詞填空（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考二模）從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~或短語(yǔ)并用其正確的形式填空(每個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)只能用一次)。visit;

writeto;

cutdown;

lookthrough;

showaninterestin;little;

openup;

handin;

takeamessage;

inone’ssparetime51．________________,DanieloftenhelpslookaftertheanimalsatXinpuZoo.52．Theoldtree________________soonbecauseofthedisease.Hollywantstoplantanewonethere.53．Jackisn’tatschooltoday.Wouldyoubekindenough________________tohim,Suzy?54．InGardenExpoPark,Ifoundaforeign___________passportandreturnedittohimatonce.55．Look!Kitty_______________theshoppinglistquicklyandworkingouttheprice.56．“Peter,youshould________________yourhomeworktomorrowmorning.”Theteachersaid.57．David________________hispen-friendat8o’clocklastnight.58．Tomalways________________outerspaceanddreamsofbecominganastronaut.59．Shirleyspends________________timeonTiktokinherclass.Shethinksit’sawasteoftime.60．Sofar,thescientists________________awholenewworldtousinAI.【答案】51．Inhissparetime52．willbecutdown53．totakeamessage54．visitor’s55．islookingthrough56．handin57．waswritingto58．showsaninterestin59．theleast60．haveopenedup【解析】51．句意：在業(yè)余時(shí)間，丹尼爾經(jīng)常在新浦動(dòng)物園幫忙照看動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“DanieloftenhelpslookaftertheanimalsatXinpuZoo”及備選詞可知，這里指在業(yè)余時(shí)間，inone’ssparetime意為“在某人業(yè)余時(shí)間”，主語(yǔ)為Daniel，one’s用his，句首首字母大寫(xiě)，故填I(lǐng)nhissparetime。52．句意：這棵老樹(shù)很快就會(huì)因?yàn)樯《豢车??；衾朐谀抢锓N一棵新的。根據(jù)“Hollywantstoplantanewonethere.”及備選詞可知，是指老樹(shù)被砍倒，cutdown意為“砍倒”，和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，該句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“willbe+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞”，故填willbecutdown。53．句意：杰克今天不在學(xué)校。蘇西，你能給他留個(gè)口信嗎？根據(jù)“Jackisn’tatschooltoday.”及備選詞可知，這里指給他留個(gè)口信，takeamessage意為“捎口信”，“be+adj.+enough+todo”意為“足夠……能做某事”，故填totakeamessage。54．句意：在園博園，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本外國(guó)游客的護(hù)照，并立即把護(hù)照還給了他。根據(jù)“returnedittohimatonce”及備選詞可知，這里指外國(guó)游客的護(hù)照，visit意為“參觀”，“游客”為visitor，空格處修飾名詞且在不定冠詞a后，所以用名詞所有格visitor’s，故填visitor’s。55．句意：看！凱蒂正在快速地瀏覽購(gòu)物清單，并計(jì)算出價(jià)格。根據(jù)“theshoppinglistquicklyandworkingouttheprice”及備選詞可知，是指瀏覽購(gòu)物清單，lookthrough意為“瀏覽”，又根據(jù)“Look!”可知，該句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“am/is/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞”，主語(yǔ)為Kitty，be動(dòng)詞用is，故填islookingthrough。56．句意：“彼得，你明天早上應(yīng)該交作業(yè)?！崩蠋熣f(shuō)。根據(jù)“yourhomework”及備選詞可知，是指上交作業(yè)，handin意為“上交”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故填handin。57．句意：大衛(wèi)昨晚8點(diǎn)在給他的筆友寫(xiě)信。根據(jù)“hispen-friend”及備選詞可知，是指給筆友寫(xiě)信，writeto意為“寫(xiě)信”，又根據(jù)“at8o’clocklastnight”可知，該句應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為