語法08 賓語從句（講義）

?第08講賓語從句（講義）【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.掌握賓語從句的概說和分類2.弄清賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞3.掌握賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題4.掌握賓語從句的語序5.會(huì)運(yùn)用賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移和特殊用法【考情分析】課標(biāo)要求：近幾年全國各地中考對(duì)賓語從句的考查是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語從句的語序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到賓語從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握賓語從句的用法?？疾轭}型：對(duì)賓語從句的考查主要分布在改錯(cuò)、句子運(yùn)用、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用題?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)：1.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞和代詞選擇；2.賓語從句的語序；3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句解題技巧如下:1.牢記賓語從句考點(diǎn)的記憶口訣:賓語從句需注意,幾點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)應(yīng)牢記。一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞,不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that;一般疑問是否(if,whether)替;特殊問句更好辦,引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。二是時(shí)態(tài)常變化,主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)看意;主句若為過去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)變相應(yīng)過;從句若為真理時(shí),永用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。三是語序要記清,從句永保陳述序。2.用好排除法從時(shí)態(tài)、語序、引導(dǎo)詞三個(gè)方面綜合考慮,逐個(gè)排查選項(xiàng)。賓語從句題型命題規(guī)律賓語從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語從句的語序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到賓語從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握賓語從句的用法?！揪W(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】夯基必備基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理考向一賓語從句的概說和分類概說：1.定義：在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句是賓語從句。Ithinkeverybodylikescookies.2.分類：動(dòng)詞賓語從句Ithinkeverybodylikescookies.介詞賓語從句Iagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.形容詞賓語從句I’mafraidIcan’taffordit.(sure,glad,sorry,happy,afraid)3.結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句(陳述句語序：主+謂+其他)分類：根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類：1.由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.考向二賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)陳述句作賓語從句，口語中常省略。Tellhim(that)Ihavereadthestory.Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)一般疑問句作賓語從句，表“是否”，從句陳述語序（主語在謂語之前），且口語中多用if。Doyouknowifhewillgotoschooltomorrow?Iwonderif/whetheryouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.注意：以下情況的賓語從句中，只能用whether，不能用if：引導(dǎo)詞與動(dòng)詞不定式或ornot連用時(shí)I’mnotsurewhethertogoortostay.HeaskedmewhetherornotIwasthirsty.當(dāng)從句做介詞的賓語時(shí)Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepicnic.Thepicnicwilldependonwhethertheweatherwillbefine.特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句作賓語從句，從句同樣是陳述語序。Hedidn’tknowwhenhewouldleaveforshanghai.Couldyoutellmewhatiswrongwithyou?that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句that是賓語從句的一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，放在主句和從句之間。它引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來，故從句的語序不變。在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that作連接代詞，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中通?？梢允÷?。一、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的用法1.位置：that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）、介詞或形容詞之后。=1\*GB3①作及物動(dòng)詞，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的賓語。如：ShesaysthatshewillhelpmelearnEnglishthisevening.她說今天晚上她會(huì)幫我學(xué)英語。=2\*GB3②作介詞的賓語：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except，but，in之后。如：Heisagoodboyexceptthatheiscareless.他是一個(gè)好男孩，只是有點(diǎn)兒粗心。=3\*GB3③作＂be+形容詞＂結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，連詞that可省略。如：I’mhappy(that)Ipassedtheexam.我很高興我通過了考試。2.時(shí)態(tài)：主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)具體情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句中也必須用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。試比較：Hesaysthathewantstoseehimassoonaspossible.他說他想盡快見到他。Hesaidthathewantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.他說他想盡快見到他?！咎貏e提醒】當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)，而賓語從句的內(nèi)容表示的是客觀真理、事實(shí)、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、格言、諺語等時(shí)，此時(shí)賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，這些情況下不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制。如：Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老師告訴我們地球圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 3.引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略的幾種情況：引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞that通?？梢允÷裕篠hesaid(that)shewouldcometothemeeting.她說過要來開會(huì)的。Ipromiseyou(that)Iwillbethere.我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去的。Ihoped(that)Iwould/shouldsucceed.我曾希望我會(huì)成功。Hethinks(that)theywillgivehimavisa.他想他們會(huì)給他簽證。Hethought(that)theywouldgivehimavisa.他本想他們會(huì)給他簽證。Iexpect(that)theplanewillbediverted.我料想飛機(jī)會(huì)改變航線?！咀⒁狻坑袝r(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可位于句首，此時(shí)that不可省略：ThatsheisagoodgirlIknow.她是一個(gè)好姑娘，我是知道的。4.引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的幾種情況：that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，并不是在任何情況下都可以省略，在以下幾種情況下，that不能省略。=1\*GB3①從句的主語是that時(shí)，that不能省略；Weknowthatisaninterestingfilm.我們知道那是一部有趣的電影。=2\*GB3②and連接的兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí)，有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that，但第二個(gè)從句的連詞that一般不可以省略。如：Hetoldme(that)theycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmyadvice.他告訴我他們決定不了去做什么并且問了我的意見。=3\*GB3③that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。如：Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.對(duì)他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。5.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoZhangdidnotcomeyesterday.小張昨天沒來，我們覺得很奇怪。6.賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，謂語盡管是否定的意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问剑⒄Z稱這種現(xiàn)象為否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：=1\*GB3①我認(rèn)為今晚他不能來?！菊`】Ithinkhecan’tcomethisevening.【正】Idon’tthinkhecancomethisevening.=2\*GB3②他認(rèn)為我們現(xiàn)在不在教室里。【誤】Hedoesn’tthinkweareintheclassroomnow.【正】Hethinkswearenotintheclassroomnow.【特別警示】含有＂否定轉(zhuǎn)移＂現(xiàn)象的句子，主句的主語必須是第一人稱，此時(shí)，變成反意疑問句，附加問句要由從句來決定；如果主句的主語是其他人稱，附加問句要由主句來決定。如：Idon’tthinkheisright,ishe?我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)，是嗎？HethinksIcancome,doesn’the?他認(rèn)為我能來，是不是？7.如果賓語從句中含有否定意義的副詞或形容詞。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑問句要用肯定形式。如：Wefindthatheseldomgoestovisithismother,doeshe?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他不?？赐膵寢?，是嗎？8.that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只變主句，不變從句。實(shí)際上，我們經(jīng)常把Itissaidthat...（據(jù)ItissaidthatheisfromCanada.據(jù)說他來自加拿大。疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)，由疑問詞when,who,what,where,whatever,how，which,why等引導(dǎo)。賓語從句的詞序一律用陳述句的詞序，即＂主語+謂語＂詞序。①帶有系動(dòng)詞be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑問句。主句賓語從句DoyouknowhowoldLizis?你知道茲幾歲嗎?IknowhowoldLizis.我知道莉茲幾歲。Idon’tknowhowoldLizis.我不知道莉茲幾歲。賓語從句＂howoldLizis＂是主句動(dòng)詞know的賓語。how在從句中作副詞。注意從句的順序，主語在動(dòng)詞前（Lizis)。②帶有（情態(tài)）助動(dòng)詞is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑問句WhenisAnngoingtolran?安什么時(shí)候去伊朗？→Doyouknowwhen_Ann_is_going_to_lran?你知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗嗎？→Idon’tknowwhen_Ann_is_going_to_lran.我不知道安什么時(shí)候去伊朗。WhatshouldIdo?我該怎么辦？→Canyoutellmewhat_I_should_do?你能告訴我，我該怎么辦嗎？→Pleasetellmewhat_I_should_do.請(qǐng)告訴我，我該怎么辦。WherehasRongone?朗去了哪里？→Doyouknowwhere_Ron_has_gone?你知道朗去了哪里嗎？→Idon’tknowwhere_Ron_has_gone.我不知道朗去了哪里。③帶有助動(dòng)詞do/does/did的特殊疑問句。WheredidIputmyweddingring?我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了？→Doyouknowwhere_I_put_my_wedding_ring?你知道我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了嗎？→Idon’trememberwhereIputmyweddingring.我不記得我把我的結(jié)婚戒指放在哪里了。WhatdoesSuethinkaboutLulu?蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么？→DoyouknowwhatSuethinksaboutLulu?你知道蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么嗎？→IknowwhatSuethinksaboutLulu.我知道蘇對(duì)露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于賓語從句要求陳述句語序，故而在從句中它變成了陳述語序。請(qǐng)看下列兩組句子：Howmuchdoesthiscoatcost?→Iwanttoknowhowmuchthiscoatcosts.Wheredidyougoyesterday?→Pleasetellmewhereyouwentyesterday.（2）當(dāng)疑問代詞what、who在特殊疑問句中作主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來作賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。What’swrongwithyou?怎么了？→Heaskedthegirlwhatwaswrongwithher.What’sthematter?怎么了？→Heaskedthegirlwhatwasthematter.Whathashappenedtohim?→Wewanttoknowwhathashappenedtohim.if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)從句部分是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時(shí)，常用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if/whether意為＂是否＂。說明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，findout，beuncertain/doubtful/benotknown等后，二者通?？梢曰Q。口語中多用if代替whether。在非正式的寫作中，可以使用if或whether兩個(gè)詞來表達(dá)不定性，兩者都算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Iwonderif/whetherheisadriver.我想知道他是不是個(gè)司機(jī)。Alicewantstoknowif/whethershehaspassedtheexam.愛麗絲想知道她是否考試及格了。Lilyaskedif/whethershelikedit.莉莉問她是否喜歡它。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.我想知道他是否住在這兒。Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.他問我是否可以幫助他?！就卣埂恳话闱闆r下，if和whether可互換，在口語中多用if，而在以下幾種情況下，只能用whether。1.與or連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)從句時(shí)，或強(qiáng)調(diào)兩方面的選擇,特別是句中有ornot時(shí)用whether，不用if。Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.我不知道他們是否會(huì)來。Idon’tknowwhetherheiswrongorsheiswrong.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.I

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not.2.在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogoornot.他不知道是否會(huì)去。Pleasetelluswhethertogothereorstayhere.請(qǐng)告訴我們是去那里還是待在這里。Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.I’mnotsurewhethertostayorleave.Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.3.在介詞之后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而If則不能。ItdependsonwhetherIhaveenoughtime.那取決于我是否有足夠的時(shí)間。Successdependsonwhetherwemakeenougheffort.Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’llgobackhome.Itdependsonwhethertheletterarrivesintime.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.4.賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，用whether，不用if。Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Whetherheissingle,Idon’tknow.Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.Whetherheissingle,Idon’tknow.5.在某些動(dòng)詞（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.（虛擬語氣）Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgotherebyplane.（虛擬語氣）Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.（虛擬語氣）6.在引導(dǎo)否定概念賓語從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不用whether。HeaskedmeifIhadn’tfinishedmywork.注意：doubt否定句用that引導(dǎo)。因?yàn)閐on’tdoubt意為相信，不懷疑，if是否表示疑慮?？枷蛉e語從句的時(shí)態(tài)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），那么賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?如果主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），那么賓語從句一定要用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（包括一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheUSsoon.3.如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Hetoldmethattheearthisround.考向四賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序，即按照主語、謂語的順序。1.陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.2.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句，語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.考向五賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移和特殊用法1.賓語從句的否定前置think,believe,suppose,consider,imagine等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句如果是否定句，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語上，而將從句謂語改為肯定形式。否定前置的前提是：主句主語是第一人稱，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Ithink.+Hehasnotimetoplaywiththegirl.→I_don’t_thinkhehastimetoplaywiththegirl.Shethinks.+Shecan’tarrivehereontime.→She_thinks_she_can’tarrivehereontime.2.賓語從句變反意疑問句在由賓語從句作為陳述部分的反意疑問句中，“動(dòng)詞/主語看從句，肯定否定看主句”。此類賓語從句常用動(dòng)詞有think,believe,suppose,consider等。Ithoughtitwaslate,wasn’t_it?Idon'tthinkhewillcome,will_he？3.賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化（1）當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等，且主句與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（動(dòng)詞+todo）。Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.（2）當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語，且主句與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可以簡化成“疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。Idon'tknowwhichsweaterIshouldbuy.→Idon'tknowwhichsweatertobuy.（3）當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是ask,tell,show,teach，賓語從句由代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)，從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時(shí)，從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepark?→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepark?（4）當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是find,see,watch,hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.提升必考題型歸納一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—Hi,Steve.Doyouknow________?—No,hedidn’tsay.—Well,tellhim________tomyofficeassoonashegetsback,willyou?A．whereTomwas;tovisit B．whereTomhasgone;tocomeC．wherehasTomgone;tovisit D．wherewasTom;tocome2．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）Theteachersaidthatshe________ustotheparkthenextday.A．willtake B．hastaken C．wouldtake D．istaking3．（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中?？寄M預(yù)測）—Iwonder________.—Yes,manyyoungpeoplelikeitverymuch.A．howdoChinesepeopledance B．wherecanChinesepeopledanceC．howmanypeoplelikeChinesedance D．whetherChinesedanceispopular4．（2023·黑龍江綏化·模擬預(yù)測）—Canyoutellme________?—Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreens.A．howwecanhavehealthyeyesB．whyweshouldprotectoureyesC．howcanwehavebrighteyes5．（2023·吉林長春·長春市解放大路學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測）—Couldyoupleasetellme________?

—Withpleasure.Waitamoment,please.A．ifthescarflookedniceonme B．whatisthenowproductlikeC．howIcanorderarobotonline D．whodidyoumeet6．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）—Mum,doyouknow________anengineer?—That’sinteresting.Iguessyouoftenfixthingsforothersinyourschool.A．whymyclassmatescallmeB．whatmyclassmatescallmeC．howmyclassmatescallme7．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Iremember_________musicwasplayedthefirsttimeIsawmybestfriend.—Iguessitwasthemusicwearelisteningtonow.A．why B．what C．when D．where8．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Doyouknow________ithappened?—I’mnotsure.Maybetenminutesago.A．why B．where C．how D．when9．（2023·安徽蕪湖·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）—Iwonder________youarecollectingoldbooksatschool.—Becausewewanttogivethemawaytochildreninmountainousareas.A．how B．why C．when D．whether10．（2023·海南省直轄縣級(jí)單位·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Doyouknow________.—InWenchangSpaceLaunchCenter.A．whenChinalaunched(發(fā)射)theTianzhou6spaceshipB．whereChinalaunchedtheTianzhou6spaceshipC．howChinalaunchedtheTianzhou6spaceship11．（2023·福建福州·模擬預(yù)測）—Ihavetwoticketsforthecomingconcert.Iwonder________.—Yes,I’dloveto.A．howwecangotheretogetherB．whetheryoucangowithmeC．whenweshouldgothere12．（2023·福建廈門·廈門雙十中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Canyoutellme________?

—Heiskindandgenerous.Healwayshelpsothers.A．whatyourbuddylikesB．whatyourbuddyislikeC．whatdoesyourbuddylooklike13．（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）DuringtheCOVID-19epidemic,weweremovedby________.A．whatdidthedoctorsandnursesdoB．whatthedoctorsandnursesdidC．whatthedoctorsandnurseswilldo14．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Canyoutellme________?—Theyaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheyuselessenergy.A．whatadvantageelectriccarshaveB．whopreferstobuytheelectriccarsC．whydosomepeoplepreferelectriccars15．（2023·重慶沙坪壩·考模擬預(yù)測）Shewonders__________.A．thatshecanlearntablemannerswellB．whetherisitpolitetoeatwithhandsC．howwearesupposedtobehaveatthetableinJapanD．whathewoulddoifhelivesalone16．（2023·四川成都·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）—Iwonder________tousethismachine.—Youshouldreadtheinstructionscarefully.A．when B．what C．how17．（2023·福建三明·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Whatanewsweepingrobot!Canyoutellme________?—Justthedaybeforeyesterday.A．whereyouboughtitB．whenyouboughtitC．howyouboughtit18．（2023·海南?？凇ずＤ现袑W(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Whocantellme________?Ican’tfindhim.—Look!Heisplayingbasketballwithhisclassmatesthere.A．wheremysonis B．wheremydogis C．whattheboyis19．（2023·福建莆田·模擬預(yù)測）—Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?—Ofcourse.It’stenminutes’ridefromhere.A．whereisWuyiSquareB．howfarmytripistoZuohaiParkC．howlongitwilltakemetotheWestLake20．（2023·福建莆田·模擬預(yù)測）—WillTonygoskiingwithusthisSaturday?—Sorry,Idon’tknowifhe________.ButIknowhe________interestinsports.A．willgo;is B．goes;hasno C．willgo;hasno21．（2023·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測）—Linda,mayIknow________?—Certainly.I’mgoingtothecountrysidetovisitmygrandparents.A．whyyouwillvisityourgrandparentsB．howyouplantospendyourweekendC．whoyouaregoingtothecountrysidewith22．（2023·重慶大渡口·統(tǒng)考一模）—Idon’tknow________toincreasemyreadingspeed.Couldyouhelpme?—Ofcourse.Youcanreadfasterbyreadingwordgroup.A．what B．why C．how D．where23．（2023·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Thelightintheprofessor’slabwasstillonat11o’clock.Doyouknow_______?—Maybeatmidnight.A．howlonghasheworked B．whyhestaysupsolateC．whohewillworkwith D．whenhestoppedworking24．（2023·四川涼山·模擬預(yù)測）—Whatdidyourparentssaytoyoujustnow?—Theyaskedme________.A．whydidIlookunhappythen B．whereIwillspendmysummerholidayC．ifIenjoyedmyselfattheparty D．whendidIattendthegraduationparty25．（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥ば？既＃㏕heteachertoldusthatthemoon________aroundtheearth.A．moved B．moves C．wasmoving D．hadmoved二、語法填空（2023·廣東汕頭·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法和上下文連貫的要求，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。MyparentstookmetoJapanwhenIwaslittle.Ilivedthereforfiveyears.____26____Icameback,myJapanesewasverygood.“CanIdosomethingusefulwithmyJapanese?”Iaskedmyself.Then,onedaylastspring,Igot____27____goodopportunity.EveryonewasafraidofSARS,soIstayedathomewith____28____todo.MyfatherboughtmeaJapanesebook.“Whydon’tyoutranslateitintoChinese?Itwillbebetterthan____29____computergamesallday.”Ipromisedtodo2,000wordseachday.ButlaterIfounditwashardtokeepthepromise.OnedayinMay,theweatherwasbeautiful.ButIcouldn’tgoout.Those2000wordswerestill____30____me.Aftertranslatingonlythreepages,Ialreadylostinterestinthebook.Ilookedatitforalongtime.ButIcouldn’tmakemyselfturnthepages.____31____IwishedIcouldjustgooutsideandplayfootballwithmyfriends!Thewords____32____bymeagainandagain.Ijustwantedtogiveup.Ifeltasiftwopeoplewerefighting____33____mymind.Onesaid,“Don’tgiveup!Keepworkinghard,andyou’lldowell!”Butthentheotheronesaid,“Goandplay!Itwillbe____34____thantranslating.Doyourworktomorrow.”Istoodupandwouldturnoffthecomputer.ButthenIremembered____35____myparentshadtoldme,“Whateveryoudo,don’tstophalfway.”SoIsatdownandwentonwithit.26．A．Because B．When C．Since27．A．a(chǎn)n B．the C．a(chǎn)28．A．nothing B．something C．everything29．A．beplayed B．playing C．played30．A．waitedfor B．beenwaitedfor C．waitingfor31．A．What B．Whata C．How32．A．werecounted B．counted C．a(chǎn)recounted33．A．in B．with C．a(chǎn)bout34．A．themostinterestingB．moreinterestingC．interesting35．A．how B．where C．what三、語法填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式。Growingup,Iwasatry-hardinschool.IfIdidn’tgetstraightA’s,Iwouldbesohardonmyself.IdrovemyselfintoadarkplacethatIwasstillrecovering___36___.Lastyearwasmyfreshmanyearofcollege.Inmyfirstsemester,IdrovemyselfintothegroundandgotaGPAof3.8.Inmysecondsemester,thingsstopped___37___(go)myway.Iwassick,mentallyandemotionally.IgotmyfirstCever.Ithoughtgeographyhadruinedmylife,but___38___(actual),maybethatchangedmylife.Itwasn’tuntilmysophomoreyear___39___IrealizedthatIneededhelp.Ialwaystriedtohidemy___40___(anxious)butitcametothepointwhereIcouldn’tpretendthatIwasOKanymore.___41___(admit)IneededhelpwasthebestthingthatIeverdidformyself.Nowwithallofthisbeingsaid,Iwanttomake___42___veryclearthatIstillalwaysgive100percent.Butthingsaredifferentnow.IknowmylimitsandIunderstand___43___(I)more.Inolongerhavea(an)___44___(health)relationshipwithschoolandreallyIamlearningmorenowthaneverbefore.IamsoexcitedtoshowthecompanythathiresmeeverythingIhavetooffer.Iam___45___(confidence)thateventhoughIamnotastraight-Astudent,Ihavemoretoofferthanmygrades.四、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話（2023·吉林松原·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）A:Hi,Grace.Lovelyweather,isn’tit?B:Yes,socool!Let’sgotoschooltogether.A:Sure.Whatareyougoingtodoafterclass?B:Ihavenoidea.____46____A:I’llhaveamathexamnextweek.Iwanttolookforsomeimportantbooksandstudyinthelibrary.____47____B:Sure.I’dloveto.Ineedtoreturnsomebookstothelibrary.____48____A:Great.Wecanplaybadmintonafterthat.B:Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.____49____A:Well,that’sagoodquestion.Ihaven’tplayeditforseveralweeks.____50____B:OK.Let’smakeit.Oh,it’salmost8:00.Let’shurry.A．OK,I’dliketo.B．Wouldyouliketojoinme?C．Whataboutyou?D．IthinkIneedmorepractice.E．Areyougoodatbadminton?F．Youusedtolikesports,didn’tyou?G．AndIcanalsoreadsomemagazinesthere.真題感悟1．（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thisfamoussaying“WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers”tellsus________.A．howshouldwetreatpeople B．whowecanlearnfromC．whatdidwesayinpublic D．whyweneedteachers2．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Manystudentsdidwellinthisexam.Iwonder________.—Throughtheirownefforts.A．whydidtheygetasuccess B．whattheylearnedfromitC．whethertheytriedtheirbest D．howtheymadeitfinally3．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknow________?—Yes,there’sonehere.It’sinthestore.A．whomheistalkingwith B．whenIcangettothehotelC．howtousethemachine D．ifthere’sarestroomaroundhere4．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—DoyouknowLiuCixin,thewriterofafamoussciencefictionSanTi?Iwonder________.—InJune,1963.A．whenwasheborn B．wherehewasbornC．whenhewasborn D．wherewasheborn5．（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouremember________?—Sure.OntheeveningofMayDay.A．howwegottotheJiefangBridge B．howdidwegettotheJiefangBridgeC．whentheJiefangBridgeopeneditself D．whendidtheJiefangBridgeopenitself6．（2023·云南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknow________?—Yes,inHangzhou,abeautifulcityinZhejiangProvince.A．whenwillthe19thAsianGamesbeheld B．whenthe19thAsianGameswillbeheldC．wherewillthe19thAsianGamesbeheld D．wherethe19thAsianGameswillbeheld7．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Sarah,doyouknow________?—It’sonApril23.A．whatisWorldBookDay B．whatWorldBookDayisC．whenisWorldBookDay D．whenWorldBookDayis8．（2023·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Doyouknow________theDragonBoatFestivalisthisyear?—Sorry,Idon’tknowtheexactdate.A．how B．why C．when9．（2023·四川自貢·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Iwanttoknow________yougottoZigongyesterday.—Byhigh-speedtrain.A．where B．how C．when10．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme________?Iwanttogoshoppingwithyou.—MaybenextSaturdayafternoon.A．whenareyougoingtoLuofuPlazaB．whenyouwenttoLuofuPlazaC．whenyouaregoingtoLuofuPlaza11．（2023·四川涼山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Excuseme,doyouknow________?Thebushasjustleft.—Yes.Thenextbuswillarriveinhalfanhour.A．howIcangettothebusstationB．iftherewillbeanotherbusC．howmuchabusticketcosts12．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—I’mwondering________atalowprice.—YoucanbookonethroughourofficialAPP.A．howIcanbuytheairticket B．howcanIbuytheairticketC．whenIcanbuytheairticket D．whencanIbuytheairticket13．（2023·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Jenny,doyouknow______?—SheisfromCanada.A．whereisthewomaninredfromB．wherethewomaninredisfromC．whatthewomaninredlikes

?第08講賓語從句（講義）提升必考題型歸納一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—Hi,Steve.Doyouknow________?—No,hedidn’tsay.—Well,tellhim________tomyofficeassoonashegetsback,willyou?A．whereTomwas;tovisit B．whereTomhasgone;tocomeC．wherehasTomgone;tovisit D．wherewasTom;tocome【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你好，史蒂夫。你知道湯姆去哪兒了嗎？——不，他沒說。——好吧，告訴他一回來就來我辦公室，可以嗎？考查賓語從句和動(dòng)詞辨析。第一處是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除CD。visit拜訪；come來。根據(jù)“tellhim...tomyofficeassoonashegetsback”可知，告訴他一回來就來我辦公室。故選B。2．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）Theteachersaidthatshe________ustotheparkthenextday.A．willtake B．hastaken C．wouldtake D．istaking【答案】C【詳解】句意：老師說她第二天將帶我們?nèi)ス珗@?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Theteachersaidthatshe…ustotheparkthenextday.”可知，句子為主從復(fù)合句，主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句應(yīng)遵循“主過從必過”原則；結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語“thenextday”可知，從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)（woulddo）。故選C。3．（2023·云南昆明·昆明八中?？寄M預(yù)測）—Iwonder________.—Yes,manyyoungpeoplelikeitverymuch.A．howdoChinesepeopledance B．wherecanChinesepeopledanceC．howmanypeoplelikeChinesedance D．whetherChinesedanceispopular【答案】D【詳解】句意：——我想知道中國舞是否流行?！堑?，很多年輕人都非常喜歡?？疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除AB；根據(jù)“Yes,manyyoungpeoplelikeit”可知此處詢問是否喜歡，用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選D。4．（2023·黑龍江綏化·模擬預(yù)測）—Canyoutellme________?—Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreens.A．howwecanhavehealthyeyesB．whyweshouldprotectoureyesC．howcanwehavebrighteyes【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你能告訴我我們?cè)鯓硬拍軗碛薪】档难劬?？——永遠(yuǎn)不要在屏幕上花太多時(shí)間?？疾橘e語從句。句子是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除C；根據(jù)“Neverspendtoomuchtimeonscreens”可知此次詢問方式，用how引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選A。5．（2023·吉林長春·長春市解放大路學(xué)校?？寄M預(yù)測）—Couldyoupleasetellme________?

—Withpleasure.Waitamoment,please.A．ifthescarflookedniceonme B．whatisthenowproductlikeC．howIcanorderarobotonline D．whodidyoumeet【答案】C【詳解】句意：——請(qǐng)問你能告訴我怎么在網(wǎng)上訂購機(jī)器人嗎？——我很樂意。請(qǐng)稍等?？疾橘e語從句。根據(jù)“Couldyoupleasetellme”可知，空格處是賓語從句，賓語從句應(yīng)為陳述語序，故排除選項(xiàng)B和D。結(jié)合語境和“Couldyouplease...”可知，此處could表委婉語氣，不表過去時(shí)態(tài)，A選項(xiàng)不應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。6．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）—Mum,doyouknow________anengineer?—That’sinteresting.Iguessyouoftenfixthingsforothersinyourschool.A．whymyclassmatescallmeB．whatmyclassmatescallmeC．howmyclassmatescallme【答案】A【詳解】句意：——媽媽，你知道為什么我的同學(xué)們叫我工程師嗎？——這很有趣。我猜你在學(xué)校經(jīng)常幫別人修東西?？疾橘e語從句。根據(jù)“Iguessyouoftenfixthingsforothersinyourschool.”可知詢問媽媽是否知道自己被叫作工程師的原因，用why引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故選A。7．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Iremember_________musicwasplayedthefirsttimeIsawmybestfriend.—Iguessitwasthemusicwearelisteningtonow.A．why B．what C．when D．where【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我記得第一次見到我最好的朋友時(shí)播放的什么音樂?！蚁胧俏覀儸F(xiàn)在正在聽的音樂?？疾檫B詞辨析。why為什么；what什么；when當(dāng)；where哪里。由“…musicwasplayedthefirsttimeIsawmybestfriend”可知，此處指的是放的音樂是什么。故選B。8．（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Doyouknow________ithappened?—I’mnotsure.Maybetenminutesago.A．why B．where C．how D．when【答案】D【詳解】句意：——你知道什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的嗎？——我不確定。大概十分鐘前。考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。why為什么；where哪里；how怎樣；when什么時(shí)候。根據(jù)“Maybetenminutesago.”可知詢問時(shí)間。故選D。9．（2023·安徽蕪湖·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）—Iwonder________youarecollectingoldbooksatschool.—Becausewewanttogivethemawaytochildreninmountainousareas.A．how B．why C．when D．whether【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我想知道你為什么在學(xué)校收集舊書?！?yàn)槲覀兿氚阉鼈兯徒o山區(qū)的孩子們?？疾橘e語從句連接詞。how如何；why為什么；when什么時(shí)候；whether是否。根據(jù)“Becausewewanttogivethemawaytochildreninmountainousareas.”可知是詢問原因，應(yīng)用why。故選B。10．（2023·海南省直轄縣級(jí)單位·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）—Doyouknow________.—InWenchangSpaceLaunchCenter.A．whenChinalaunched(發(fā)射)theTianzhou6spaceshipB．whereChinalaunchedtheTianzhou6spaceshipC．howChinalaunchedtheTianzhou6spaceship【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你知道中國在哪里發(fā)射了天舟六號(hào)宇宙飛船嗎？——在文昌航天發(fā)射中心?？疾橘e語從句引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)答語“InWenchangSpaceLaunchCenter.”，可知發(fā)射地點(diǎn)是在“文昌航天發(fā)射中心”；分析問句，是賓語從句，答語是“地點(diǎn)”，賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用where，故選B。11．（2023·福建福州·模擬預(yù)測）—Ihavetwoticketsforthecomingconcert.Iwonder________.—Yes,I’dloveto.A．howwecangotheretogetherB．whetheryoucangowithmeC．whenweshouldgothere【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我有兩張即將舉行的音樂會(huì)的票。我想知道你是否可以和我一起去。——是的，我愿意?？疾橘e語從句和交際用語。howwecangotheretogether我們一起如何去那里；whetheryoucangowithme你是否可以和我一起去；whenweshouldgothere我們什么時(shí)候應(yīng)該去那兒。根據(jù)“Yes,I’dloveto.”可知對(duì)方回答愿意，所以應(yīng)是問“是否想一起去”。故選B。12．（2023·福建廈門·廈門雙十中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Canyoutellme________?

—Heiskindandgenerous.Healwayshelpsothers.A．whatyourbuddylikesB．whatyourbuddyislikeC．whatdoesyourbuddylooklike【答案】B【詳解】句意：——你能告訴我你的朋友是什么樣的人嗎？——他很友好且慷慨，他總是幫助別人?？疾橘e語從句和情景交際。whatyourbuddylikes你的朋友喜歡什么；whatyourbuddyislike你的朋友是什么樣的人；whatdoesyourbuddylooklike你的朋友長什么樣。賓語從句用陳述語序，排除C；由答語“Heiskindandgenerous.Healwayshelpsothers.”可知，問句問的是人的性格，belike表示“如何；怎樣”，說明人的性格等內(nèi)在品質(zhì)。故選B。13．（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）DuringtheCOVID-19epidemic,weweremovedby________.A．whatdidthedoctorsandnursesdoB．whatthedoctorsandnursesdidC．whatthedoctorsandnurseswilldo【答案】B【詳解】句意：在新冠疫情期間，我們被醫(yī)生和護(hù)士的所作所為所感動(dòng)?？疾橘e語從句。根據(jù)“weweremovedby...”及選項(xiàng)可知，此處考查賓語從句；賓語從句要用陳述句語序，排除A選項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)“weremoved”可知，主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故賓語從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。故選B。14．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）—Canyoutellme________?—Theyaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheyuselessenergy.A．whatadvantageelectriccarshaveB．whopreferstobuytheelectriccarsC．whydosomepeoplepreferelectriccars【答案】A【詳解】句意：—