題型03 完形填空之說(shuō)明文（講義）

?第03講完型填空之說(shuō)明文【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.了解中考英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明類完形填空解題技巧概覽2.語(yǔ)境聯(lián)想的應(yīng)用3.掌握解題步驟和策略4.完形填空解題技巧的實(shí)踐應(yīng)用【考情分析】完型填空之說(shuō)明文題型語(yǔ)篇特征說(shuō)明文是一種以＂說(shuō)明、解釋＂為主要表達(dá)方式的英語(yǔ)文體。它是對(duì)客觀事物的性狀、特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等作科學(xué)解說(shuō)的。它既不像故事那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫，也不像議論文那樣，重在闡明主張和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)；更不像科幻作品那樣富于想象和虛構(gòu)夸張。說(shuō)明文是通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物、闡明事理，使人們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí)和技能。說(shuō)明類完型填空題是難點(diǎn)。說(shuō)明文具有與自己特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的說(shuō)明方法，因此說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，易于拉開考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，便于高校分層次選拔人才。然而對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)明文抽象度高，解題難度大。它旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。完形填空的做題誤區(qū)很多同學(xué)說(shuō)，他們做完形填空時(shí)，往往采用“翻譯法和代入法”，即做題時(shí)翻譯文章內(nèi)容，感覺(jué)哪個(gè)合適選哪個(gè)，看看劃?rùn)M線處有沒(méi)有一些固定搭配，然后作選擇或者填空。其實(shí)這樣做是很危險(xiǎn)的：①在實(shí)際考試中，翻譯很容易受母語(yǔ)影響，進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤選擇；②并不是所謂固定搭配一定是正確選項(xiàng)，完形填空是考查單詞在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。如果這個(gè)搭配或短語(yǔ)是不符合語(yǔ)篇、段落邏輯的，即便是固定說(shuō)法，也是不合適的，在閱卷的時(shí)候這樣的答案一定是錯(cuò)誤的。一中考英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明類完形填空解題技巧概覽夯基·必備基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理抓住文章的主題和說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確把握說(shuō)明的對(duì)象和特點(diǎn)。說(shuō)明文主要是對(duì)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行客觀的分析和闡述，使讀者更加清楚地了解和認(rèn)識(shí)該事物或現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)。在閱讀時(shí)要抓住文章的主題和說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容及特點(diǎn)。中考對(duì)說(shuō)明文的考查多為科普知識(shí)，動(dòng)植物特性、自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等方面的說(shuō)明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說(shuō)明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說(shuō)明文的命題特點(diǎn)，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點(diǎn)突破長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對(duì)其做出準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)意理解。1.通讀全文，了解大意做題之前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是必不可少的一個(gè)步驟。通過(guò)短文所提供的信息，借助語(yǔ)感及相關(guān)知識(shí)的推斷，可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓。完形填空題不同于單項(xiàng)填空題，單項(xiàng)填空題所給的是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，根據(jù)根據(jù)或前后句子就可以判定所選的答案。而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案設(shè)在整段或整篇之中。切勿為了省時(shí)而邊看邊填，否則，欲速則不達(dá)，許多地方看不下去，填空時(shí)或不解其意，或似懂非懂，舉棋不定，這樣不僅錯(cuò)誤率高，而且費(fèi)時(shí)不少。每篇短文總有一定的主題思想，段落之間必須能承上啟下，前呼后應(yīng)，句與句之間也一定緊密相聯(lián)，形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。因此通讀全文，時(shí)要一氣呵成，不要中斷思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。其某些細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過(guò)，如果不影響答題，可以置之不理；如果與答題有關(guān)，可到第二步填空時(shí)再琢磨解決。另外，在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，因?yàn)樗鼈兺軌蛱峁┲饕男畔?，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或中心議題。2.瞻前顧后，初選答案在通讀全文，了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上，便可著手答題，初選習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配，并從上下文中找關(guān)鍵性啟示，前后對(duì)照，根據(jù)語(yǔ)感等選出比較容易的答案。有些題目設(shè)計(jì)很巧，由下文暗示上文，很有可能開頭的空格填入四個(gè)選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)法上都成立，但正確選項(xiàng)要到文章末尾才能得到解答。反之亦然，文末的空格有可能在上文找到相關(guān)或有關(guān)聯(lián)的答案。3.每空細(xì)讀，分析斟酌逐句精讀，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，有少數(shù)空格需多方面的推敲分析，如詞義分析，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析，上下文推理分析等，下面是從所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)角度考慮的解題思路：（1）若考查冠詞，則須依據(jù)短文空白后的單詞的第一個(gè)因素，或所出現(xiàn)的后面名詞的次序來(lái)確定a,an或the，或用冠詞的慣用法來(lái)確定。（2）若是介詞或副詞（如up，out，off，away等）可先從固定搭配入手；若不屬于固定搭配，則根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及介（副）詞的意義及用法進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲選擇。（3）若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)好似名詞，則須從其所在的單復(fù)數(shù)形式、所有格形式等，根據(jù)文意進(jìn)行名詞辨析等。（4）如考查形容詞或副詞，則須從其所在句中的作用來(lái)確定什么詞性，或者考查其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，以及它前面的修飾語(yǔ)等。（5）如果考查動(dòng)詞，要么考查其同義詞辨析，要么考查某些固定搭配，或時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式等。（6）若選項(xiàng)是連接詞，澤爾應(yīng)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的意思決定是選擇連接代詞還是連接副詞。也可以從連詞的一些慣用法或固定搭配等入手。如，not…until,as…..as,notso…as,或用because不用so，用but不用though等。4.復(fù)核全文，清除疏漏所有的答案選出來(lái)以后，應(yīng)再讀全文，對(duì)所選的答案進(jìn)行核實(shí)調(diào)整，經(jīng)過(guò)第二步的逐句推敲之后，對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的理解更為深刻，最初選擇時(shí)有些難解或誤解的問(wèn)題這時(shí)就很容易判斷，從而也就能得到更好的解決，并清除疏漏。這一步費(fèi)時(shí)不多卻很有必要。二語(yǔ)境聯(lián)想的應(yīng)用一、利用上下文的提示（1）在完形填空中，有些空格的答案可能直接或間接地在上下文中給出。讀者可以尋找與空格相連的句子或段落，以找到可能的答案。（2）上下文可能提供對(duì)某些單詞或短語(yǔ)的理解，例如，如果一個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)在句子中是已知的，那么讀者可以使用這個(gè)已知信息來(lái)理解其他相關(guān)的單詞或短語(yǔ)的含義。（3）上下文也可能提供對(duì)整個(gè)文章主題的理解，這可以幫助讀者理解文章中的細(xì)節(jié)和要點(diǎn)。二、用學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙（1）讀者可以利用自己的背景知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)理解文章中的某些單詞或短語(yǔ)。例如，如果文章談?wù)擉w育，那么讀者可以利用自己對(duì)體育的了解來(lái)理解文章中的一些專門術(shù)語(yǔ)。（2）如果文章中出現(xiàn)一些新詞匯或難以理解的短語(yǔ)，讀者可以利用上下文以及文章的總體主題來(lái)猜測(cè)其含義。（3）讀者還可以利用文章的語(yǔ)法和結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)理解某些詞匯的含義。例如，上下文中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和形容詞的使用可以幫助讀者理解某些名詞的含義。三解題步驟和策略通讀全文，理解大意抓住文章的首句，了解文章的主題和背景快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大意注意關(guān)鍵詞句和上下文的聯(lián)系逐句精讀，填入適當(dāng)選項(xiàng)利用上下文提示，推測(cè)空格所需詞匯注意詞匯的詞性和詞義注意語(yǔ)境和邏輯關(guān)系重讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案是否合理檢查答案是否符合上下文和語(yǔ)境檢查答案是否符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和拼寫規(guī)則真題感悟（2023·寧夏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。2023istheYearoftheRabbitinChina.But____1____wouldayearbenamedafterarabbit?Rabbitsaren’tverystrong____2____,buttheyaresymbolsofbeautyandclevernessinChineseculture.Theyarealso____3____astheluckiestofalltheChinesezodiac（生肖）animals.IfyouwerebornintheYearoftheRabbit,youarethoughttobebeautiful,cleverandlucky.TheChinesezodiacanimals____4____morethanjustwhatkindofpersonyouare.TheyalsohaveadeepconnectionwithancientChineseculture.Otherculturesaroundtheworldhavetheirown____5____aboutrabbits.Mostofthemthinkofrabbitsassymbolsofspringtimeandcleverness.Peopledomanythingsthatrelateto（與……相關(guān)）rabbits.Forexample,____6____thefirstdayofanewmonth,peopleinwesterncountrieswillsay,“rabbit,rabbit”.Theybelievesayingitwillbring____7____goodluck.____8____,noteverycultureseesrabbitsassymbolsofgoodluck.AmericanIndians____9____rabbitstobecheats（騙子）.Forthemostpart,rabbitsmeangoodluck,sodon’tforgettosay,“rabbit,rabbit”atthebeginningofthenext____10____month.Itcouldmean30daysofgoodluck!1．A．when B．why C．where D．what2．A．players B．a(chǎn)ctors C．guides D．a(chǎn)nimals3．A．trained B．saved C．known D．printed4．A．use B．welcome C．stop D．tell5．A．ideas B．orders C．exams D．chances6．A．with B．of C．to D．on7．A．them B．her C．him D．me8．A．Suddenly B．However C．Politely D．Luckily9．A．consider B．help C．wish D．teach10．A．famous B．strange C．new D．safe（2023·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）AfamoussymbolinAmericancultureisacartoonanimal—MickeyMouse.Mickeyfirst____11____inacartooninNewYorkin1928.WaltDisneywasthefatherofMickey.HemadelotsofcartoonswithMickey.Manypeoplearoundtheworldlovethemousewithtwolargeandround____12____.Hewassopopularbecausehewaslikeacommonman,buthealwaystriedtofaceanydangerandsolvetheproblemsallbyhimself.InDisney’searlyfilms,Mickeywas____13____,helosthishouseandgirlfriend,Minnie.____14____,henevergaveuphiseffortsandalwayswonatlast.Mostpeoplewanttobelikehim.NowMickeyMouseisstilloneofthemostpopular___15____charactersintheworld.11．A．ranout B．hungout C．cameout12．A．ears B．hands C．feet13．A．rich B．happy C．unlucky14．A．Also B．However C．So15．A．cartoon B．play C．novel（2023·青海西寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）CanyousingthesongLonelyWarrior(孤勇者)?Thesongisverypopular____16____manypeople.Almost____17____likesit.ThewriterofthelyricsisTangTian.She____18____illattheageoftwenty-nine.Herillnesswas____19____seriousthatshemightdiesoon.Buttoour____20____,shebeatit.Thenshewrotedown____21____storyandnameditLonelyWarrior.Thissongisreally____22____.Wecangetstrength(力量)fromit.Italsoencouragespeople____23____problemsbravely.Teachersusethesongtoguidetheir____24____.Doctors___25____theirpatientswithit.Itworksverywell.Let’ssingandfeelittogether,“Whosaidthataheroistheonewhostandsinthelight?…”16．A．of B．from C．a(chǎn)t D．with17．A．noone B．everyone C．nobody D．someone18．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were19．A．so B．such C．soa D．sucha20．A．pity B．shame C．pain D．surprise21．A．his B．her C．my D．your22．A．careful B．harmful C．powerful D．a(chǎn)wful23．A．tosolve B．solve C．solving D．tosolving24．A．workers B．a(chǎn)ctors C．farmers D．students25．A．fixup B．cheerup C．turnup D．lookup（2023·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asoneoftheworld’sfavoritedrinks,teahasbecomemoreandmorepopular.ChineseteaartwithitscustomwasincludedinintangibleculturalheritagelistsbyUNESCO（聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄）in2022.Chinaisthe____26____ofteaandteahasalonghistory.ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongwas____27____firstpersontodiscoverteaasadrink.Whenaleafdroppedinto____28____,thetasteofthewaterwaschanged,andsoteawasborn.Fromthatmomenton,theChinesebegan____29____thesoul（靈魂）ofthisspecialleaf.It’sknownthatteaculturegradually____30____normalpeople’slifeintheTangDynasty.ThepeopleintheTangDynastynotonlydranktea,____31____atethetealeaves.Thatwaswhytheprocessoftastingteawas____32____“teaeating”.However,theSongpeoplepreferred“whiskingtea”（點(diǎn)茶）.IntheMingDynasty,tastingteagraduallywentback

____33____itstruenatureof“drinkingtea”.Later,theteacultureof____34____countryfinallywasblended（融入）intonormalfamilies.Nowadays,makingteaaroundastove（爐子）isaspecialwayofdrinkingtea.It____35____alreadybroughtawaveofnewlifestyleinChina.Teacultureisakindofsublimation（升華）oftea.Inthelongriverofhistoricalculture,teacombinesthecharactersofthetime26．A．city B．town C．hometown D．countryside27．A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the28．A．coffee B．juice C．milk D．water29．A．touch B．touched C．totouch D．touches30．A．gotinto B．goton C．gotoff D．gotup31．A．sothat B．butalso C．a(chǎn)lthough D．until32．A．call B．calling C．tocall D．called33．A．to B．of C．on D．a(chǎn)t34．A．we B．us C．our D．ours35．A．have B．has C．had D．having（2023·湖北襄陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SomeoldChineseinventionshavewonwidepopularityaroundtheworld.Recently,aBritishwomanusedanancientChineseinventiontohelpherson____36____amathproblem.Dr.MantrigrewupinIndia.Shewastaught____37____touseanabacus(算盤)tosolvemathproblemswhenshewasyoung.AfternoticingthathersonDhruvhadgreatdifficultywithmath,shestartedusingthesameancientChinesetooltohelphimafterschool.“MysonwasinGrade5whenInoticedhewas____38____inmath.”saidDr.Mantri,“Iwouldaskhimsomethingveryeasylike‘35-13=?’,buthecouldn’tworkitout.”“IneverthoughtIwouldteachhimtousesuchanoldtool____39____IrealizedIcouldtrytheChineseabacus.Itisauseful____40____tohelpkidsbetterunderstandnumbersandbasiccalculations(計(jì)算).VerysoonIsawtheresults.Aftersixdays,Dhruvstartedtomakeprogress____41____withthehelpoftheabacus.Heevenperformedwiththeabacusataschoolmeetingwheresomeparentscameto____42____adviceonusingittohelptheirkids.”KnownasthefifthinventionofancientChina,Chineseabacusisalso____43____astheearliestcomputer.IthelpedpeoplesolvemanymathproblemsinancientChina.____44____youremembertherules,youcaneasilyuseit.Sometimes,justmoveonebead(算珠),then____45____bead,andyouwillgettheanswer.Whatamagictool!Sofar,theChineseabacushasbeenlistedasanintangibleculturalheritageofhumanbeings(人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))for10yearseversince2013.36．A．dealwith B．partwith C．a(chǎn)greewith D．competewith37．A．what B．how C．where D．when38．A．creative B．weak C．talented D．successful39．A．a(chǎn)fter B．when C．until D．since40．A．sign B．report C．method D．symbol41．A．politely B．loudly C．bravely D．rapidly42．A．carefor B．leavefor

C．a(chǎn)skfor

D．payfor43．A．cost B．caught C．covered D．considered44．A．Aslongas B．Aswellas C．Asgoodas D．Asfaras45．A．other B．others C．theothers D．a(chǎn)nother（2023·四川雅安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Chinaisthehomelandoftea.Wildteatreeswithover3,000yearsoldcanstillbefoundinSouthwestChina.Teaplantsareusually____46____onthesidesofmountains.Nowadays,teaismorepopularthananyother____47____exceptwaterinChina.Youcanfindplentyofteahouses____48____,especiallyinthetopteaculturecities.IntraditionalChineseculture,____49____teatoaguestisasignofrespect(尊重).Ayoungerpersoncanshowrespectforanolderpersonbyservingacupoftea.Thisiscommonduringbigcelebrations,suchasbirthdaysortheSpringFestival.Teaisbelievedtobea(n)____50____drinkbyChinesepeople.InChina,peoplebelievethatdrinkingteaeverydaycouldreduce(減少)theriskofsomediseases.46．A．used B．grown C．cut D．carried47．A．food B．drink C．fruit D．vegetable48．A．easily B．difficultly C．quietly D．tiredly49．A．picking B．producing C．drinking D．serving50．A．interesting B．lucky C．healthy D．delicious（2023·四川遂寧·中考真題）ManyofChina’smostpopulardishescomefromSichuan.Ifit’sthefirsttimeforyoutovisitSichuan,don’thaveyourhometowndishes.Tryahotpotdinner____51_____.Andifyougo,besuretobringyourfriendsandfamily—yougetlotsoffood!Atahotpot____52____inSichuan,thewaiterservesthefooduncooked.Youcookityourselfatthetable.Yougetalargepotofboilingsoup,vegetablesandmeatorseafood.Addthesefoodstothe____53____onebyone.Whenit’sfinished,enjoyitwithrelishyoulike.It’sfuntoeatatahotpotrestaurant.Justseveralmonthsago,thefirsthotpotbus____54____inChengdu.Onthebus,youcaneathotpot,goaroundthecityandlearnaboutthehistoryofSichuanhotpot.Peoplelikehotpotbecauseitisdeliciousandit’s____55____tomake.Youcanevenmakeitathomebyyourself.Everybodyisacook!51．A．a(chǎn)gain B．instead C．a(chǎn)lone D．bravely52．A．home B．supermarket C．restaurant D．hotel53．A．bottle B．bowl C．plate D．pot54．A．a(chǎn)ppeared B．happened C．broke D．stopped55．A．easy B．popular C．necessary D．tasty（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asanexchangestudent,TonyhasstudiedinChinaforoneyear.Hefindswherestudentshavelessonsisdifferent____56____ChinaandAmerica.InChina,moststudentsstayinthesameclassroomtohavedifferentlessons.Whentheschoolbellrings,studentswaitfortheirteachers____57____thenstarttheirlessons.Studentsputtheirschoolthingsinthe____58____.InAmerica,however,thingsarequitedifferent.For___59____subjects,studentsaresupposedtogoandfindtherightclassrooms.Theyhaveto____60____theirclassrooms.Theyputtheirthingsinthelockers(儲(chǔ)物柜)outoftheclassrooms.Tonythinksthesetwopatternshavetheirownadvantages.Helikesbothofthem.56．A．outside B．behind C．between57．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or58．A．playgrounds B．offices C．classrooms59．A．easy B．different C．busy60．A．break B．change C．lose

?第03講完型填空之說(shuō)明文真題感悟（2023·寧夏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。2023istheYearoftheRabbitinChina.But____1____wouldayearbenamedafterarabbit?Rabbitsaren’tverystrong____2_____,buttheyaresymbolsofbeautyandclevernessinChineseculture.Theyarealso____3____astheluckiestofalltheChinesezodiac（生肖）animals.IfyouwerebornintheYearoftheRabbit,youarethoughttobebeautiful,cleverandlucky.TheChinesezodiacanimals____4____morethanjustwhatkindofpersonyouare.TheyalsohaveadeepconnectionwithancientChineseculture.Otherculturesaroundtheworldhavetheirown____5____aboutrabbits.Mostofthemthinkofrabbitsassymbolsofspringtimeandcleverness.Peopledomanythingsthatrelateto（與……相關(guān)）rabbits.Forexample,____6____thefirstdayofanewmonth,peopleinwesterncountrieswillsay,“rabbit,rabbit”.Theybelievesayingitwillbring____7____goodluck.____8____,noteverycultureseesrabbitsassymbolsofgoodluck.AmericanIndians____9____rabbitstobecheats（騙子）.Forthemostpart,rabbitsmeangoodluck,sodon’tforgettosay,“rabbit,rabbit”atthebeginningofthenext____10____month.Itcouldmean30daysofgoodluck!1．A．when B．why C．where D．what2．A．players B．a(chǎn)ctors C．guides D．a(chǎn)nimals3．A．trained B．saved C．known D．printed4．A．use B．welcome C．stop D．tell5．A．ideas B．orders C．exams D．chances6．A．with B．of C．to D．on7．A．them B．her C．him D．me8．A．Suddenly B．However C．Politely D．Luckily9．A．consider B．help C．wish D．teach10．A．famous B．strange C．new D．safe【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．D5．A6．D7．A8．B9．A10．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了和兔子有關(guān)的文化。1．句意：但是為什么一年要以兔子的名字命名呢？when什么時(shí)候；why為什么；where哪里；what什么。根據(jù)“wouldayearbenamedafterarabbit?”可知問(wèn)以兔子的名字命名一年的原因，故選B。2．句意：兔子不是很強(qiáng)壯的動(dòng)物，但在中國(guó)文化中它們是美麗和聰明的象征。players玩家；actors演員；guides導(dǎo)游；animals動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“Rabbits”可知兔子是動(dòng)物，故選D。3．句意：它們也被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)十二生肖中最幸運(yùn)的動(dòng)物。trained訓(xùn)練；saved拯救；known知道；printed打印。根據(jù)“Theyarealso...astheluckiestofalltheChinesezodiac（生肖）animals.”可知兔子被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)十二生肖中最幸運(yùn)的動(dòng)物。beknownas“被認(rèn)為是”。故選C。4．句意：中國(guó)的生肖動(dòng)物不僅能說(shuō)明你是什么樣的人。use使用；welcome歡迎；stop停止；tell告訴，辨別。根據(jù)“TheChinesezodiacanimals...morethanjustwhatkindofpersonyouare.”可知中國(guó)的生肖動(dòng)物可以辨別你是什么樣的人。故選D。5．句意：世界各地的其他文化對(duì)兔子都有自己的看法。ideas主意；orders順序；exams考試；chances機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)“Mostofthemthinkofrabbitsassymbolsofspringtimeandcleverness.”可知這是不同地方的人都有自己的看法，故選A。6．句意：例如，在一個(gè)新的月的第一天，西方國(guó)家的人會(huì)說(shuō)，“兔子，兔子”。with和；of……的；to到；on后跟具體的某一天。根據(jù)“thefirstdayofanewmonth”可知具體到某一天應(yīng)用介詞on。故選D。7．句意：他們相信說(shuō)這個(gè)會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。them他們；her她；him他；me我。主語(yǔ)是They，所以此處是指給他們帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。故選A。8．句意：然而，并不是每一種文化都把兔子視為好運(yùn)的象征。Suddenly突然；However然而；Politely禮貌地；Luckily幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)“noteverycultureseesrabbitsassymbolsofgoodluck.”可知此句和前面是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however，故選B。9．句意：美國(guó)印第安人認(rèn)為兔子是騙子。consider認(rèn)為；help幫助；wish希望；teach教。根據(jù)“AmericanIndians...rabbitstobecheats（騙子）.”可知印第安人認(rèn)為兔子是騙子。considersthtobe“認(rèn)為某物是”，故選A。10．句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，兔子意味著好運(yùn)，所以不要忘記在下一個(gè)月開始的時(shí)候說(shuō)，“兔子，兔子”。famous著名的；strange奇怪的；new新的；safe安全的。根據(jù)上文“thefirstdayofanewmonth,peopleinwesterncountrieswillsay”可知是指在新的月份之初，故選C。（2023·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）AfamoussymbolinAmericancultureisacartoonanimal—MickeyMouse.Mickeyfirst____11____inacartooninNewYorkin1928.WaltDisneywasthefatherofMickey.HemadelotsofcartoonswithMickey.Manypeoplearoundtheworldlovethemousewithtwolargeandround____12____.Hewassopopularbecausehewaslikeacommonman,buthealwaystriedtofaceanydangerandsolvetheproblemsallbyhimself.InDisney’searlyfilms,Mickeywas____13____,helosthishouseandgirlfriend,Minnie.____14____,henevergaveuphiseffortsandalwayswonatlast.Mostpeoplewanttobelikehim.NowMickeyMouseisstilloneofthemostpopular____15____charactersintheworld.11．A．ranout B．hungout C．cameout12．A．ears B．hands C．feet13．A．rich B．happy C．unlucky14．A．Also B．However C．So15．A．cartoon B．play C．novel【答案】11．C12．A13．C14．B15．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了米老鼠的相關(guān)信息。11．句意：1928年，米奇首次出現(xiàn)在紐約的一部卡通片中。ranout用完；hungout閑逛；cameout出版，出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“inacartoon”可知是出現(xiàn)在卡通片中。故選C。12．句意：世界上許多人都喜歡有兩只又大又圓的耳朵的老鼠。ears耳朵；hands手；feet腳。根據(jù)“withtwolargeandround”可知是兩只又大又圓的耳朵。故選A。13．句意：在迪士尼早期的電影中。米奇很不幸，他失去了房子和女朋友米妮。rich富有的；happy開心的；unlucky幸運(yùn)的。根據(jù)“helosthishouseandgirlfriend”可知他失去了房子和女朋友，是不幸的。故選C。14．句意：然而，他從未放棄自己的努力，總是最終獲勝。also也；however然而；so所以。此處和前句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用however連接。故選B。15．句意：現(xiàn)在米老鼠仍然是世界上最受歡迎的卡通人物之一。cartoon卡通；play戲??；novel小說(shuō)。根據(jù)“AfamoussymbolinAmericancultureisacartoonanimal”可知是卡通角色。故選A。（2023·青海西寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）CanyousingthesongLonelyWarrior(孤勇者)?Thesongisverypopular____16____manypeople.Almost____17____likesit.ThewriterofthelyricsisTangTian.She____18____illattheageoftwenty-nine.Herillnesswas____19____seriousthatshemightdiesoon.Buttoour____20____,shebeatit.Thenshewrotedown____21____storyandnameditLonelyWarrior.Thissongisreally____22____.Wecangetstrength(力量)fromit.Italsoencouragespeople____23____problemsbravely.Teachersusethesongtoguidetheir____24____.Doctors____25____theirpatientswithit.Itworksverywell.Let’ssingandfeelittogether,“Whosaidthataheroistheonewhostandsinthelight?…”16．A．of B．from C．a(chǎn)t D．with17．A．noone B．everyone C．nobody D．someone18．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．was D．were19．A．so B．such C．soa D．sucha20．A．pity B．shame C．pain D．surprise21．A．his B．her C．my D．your22．A．careful B．harmful C．powerful D．a(chǎn)wful23．A．tosolve B．solve C．solving D．tosolving24．A．workers B．a(chǎn)ctors C．farmers D．students25．A．fixup B．cheerup C．turnup D．lookup【答案】16．D17．B18．C19．A20．D21．B22．C23．A24．D25．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹《孤勇者》這首歌。16．句意：這首歌很受許多人的歡迎。of……的；from從；at在；with和。bepopularwith“受……歡迎”，固定短語(yǔ)，故選D。17．句意：幾乎每個(gè)人都喜歡它。noone沒(méi)有人；everyone每個(gè)人；nobody沒(méi)有人；someone某人。根據(jù)“Almost...likesit.”可知，幾乎每個(gè)人都喜歡這首歌，故選B。18．句意：她二十九歲時(shí)病了。is一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)；are一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或第二人稱；was一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是I或第三人稱單數(shù)；were一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或第二人稱。本句時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是she，故選C。19．句意：她的病很嚴(yán)重，可能很快就會(huì)死去。so如此，修飾形容詞或副詞；such如此，修飾名詞；soa表述錯(cuò)誤；sucha如此一個(gè)，修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。此處修飾形容詞serious，構(gòu)成so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。20．句意：但令我們驚訝的是，她戰(zhàn)勝了它。pity遺憾；shame羞愧；pain痛苦；surprise驚訝。前文提到可能很快就會(huì)死去，但是她戰(zhàn)勝了疾病，是令人驚訝的，故選D。21．句意：然后她把自己的故事寫了下來(lái)，取名為《孤勇者》。his他的；her她的；my我的；your你的。本句主語(yǔ)是she，故選B。22．句意：這首歌真的很有力量。careful仔細(xì)的；harmful有害的；powerful有力的；awful糟糕的。根據(jù)“Wecangetstrength(力量)fromit.”可知，這首歌很有力量，故選C。23．句意：它也鼓勵(lì)人們勇敢地解決問(wèn)題。tosolve動(dòng)詞不定式；solve動(dòng)詞原形；solving動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞；tosolving介詞+動(dòng)名詞。encouragesbtodosth“鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”，故選A。24．句意：老師用這首歌來(lái)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生。workers工人；actors演員；farmers農(nóng)民；students學(xué)生。根據(jù)“Teachersusethesongtoguidetheir...”可知，老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生，故選D。25．句意：醫(yī)生用它來(lái)鼓舞病人。fixup修理；cheerup使振奮；turnup出現(xiàn)，調(diào)大；lookup查閱。根據(jù)“Doctors...theirpatientswithit.”可知，醫(yī)生鼓舞病人，故選B。（2023·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asoneoftheworld’sfavoritedrinks,teahasbecomemoreandmorepopular.ChineseteaartwithitscustomwasincludedinintangibleculturalheritagelistsbyUNESCO（聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄）in2022.Chinaisthe____26____ofteaandteahasalonghistory.ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongwas____27____firstpersontodiscoverteaasadrink.Whenaleafdroppedinto____28____,thetasteofthewaterwaschanged,andsoteawasborn.Fromthatmomenton,theChinesebegan____29____thesoul（靈魂）ofthisspecialleaf.It’sknownthatteaculturegradually____30____normalpeople’slifeintheTangDynasty.ThepeopleintheTangDynastynotonlydranktea,____31____atethetealeaves.Thatwaswhytheprocessoftastingteawas___32____“teaeating”.However,theSongpeoplepreferred“whiskingtea”（點(diǎn)茶）.IntheMingDynasty,tastingteagraduallywentback

____33____itstruenatureof“drinkingtea”.Later,theteacultureof____34____countryfinallywasblended（融入）intonormalfamilies.Nowadays,makingteaaroundastove（爐子）isaspecialwayofdrinkingtea.It____35___alreadybroughtawaveofnewlifestyleinChina.Teacultureisakindofsublimation（升華）oftea.Inthelongriverofhistoricalculture,teacombinesthecharactersofthetime26．A．city B．town C．hometown D．countryside27．A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the28．A．coffee B．juice C．milk D．water29．A．touch B．touched C．totouch D．touches30．A．gotinto B．goton C．gotoff D．gotup31．A．sothat B．butalso C．a(chǎn)lthough D．until32．A．call B．calling C．tocall D．called33．A．to B．of C．on D．a(chǎn)t34．A．we B．us C．our D．ours35．A．have B．has C．had D．having【答案】26．C27．D28．D29．C30．A31．B32．D33．A34．C35．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了茶的歷史和中國(guó)的茶文化。26．句意：中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)。city城市；town小鎮(zhèn)；hometown家鄉(xiāng)；countryside鄉(xiāng)村。根據(jù)“ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongwas...firstpersontodiscoverteaasadrink.”可知中國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)了茶，所以中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)。故選C。27．句意：據(jù)說(shuō)，一位名叫神農(nóng)的中國(guó)統(tǒng)治者是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)茶作為飲料的人。/零冠詞；a一個(gè)，不定冠詞，表泛指，用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前；a一個(gè)，不定冠詞，表泛指，用于元音音素開頭的單詞前；the定冠詞，表特指。first序數(shù)詞，前面需加定冠詞the。故選D。28．句意：當(dāng)一片葉子掉到水里，水的味道就改變了，于是茶就誕生了。coffee咖啡；juice果汁；milk牛奶；water水。根據(jù)“thetasteofthewaterwaschanged,andsoteawasborn.”可知葉子掉到了水里。故選D。29．句意：從那一刻起，中國(guó)人開始觸摸這片特殊葉子的靈魂。touch觸摸，動(dòng)詞原形；touched過(guò)去式；totouch不定式；touches第三人稱單數(shù)。begintodosth表示“開始做某事”，不定式作賓語(yǔ)。故選C。30．句意：眾所周知，茶文化在唐代逐漸進(jìn)入了人們的日常生活。getinto進(jìn)入；geton上車；getoff下車；getup起床。根據(jù)“normalpeople’slife”可知此處指進(jìn)入人們的生活。故選A。31．句意：唐朝的人不僅喝茶，還吃茶葉。sothat以至于；butalso而且；although盡管；until直到。notonly...butalso表示“不但……而且……”。故選B。32．句意：這就是為什么嘗茶的過(guò)程被稱為“品茶”。call稱呼，動(dòng)詞原形；calling動(dòng)名詞；tocall不定式；called過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)“theprocessoftastingteawas”可知主語(yǔ)是call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D。33．句意：到了明代，品茶逐漸回歸到“飲茶”的本真。to到；of……的；on在……上；at在。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)gobackto表示“回到”。故選A。34．句意：后來(lái)，我國(guó)的茶文化終于融入了普通家庭。we我們，主格；us賓格；our我們的，形容詞性物主代詞；ours名詞性物主代詞。此空修飾名詞，用形容詞性物主代詞。故選C。35．句意：它已經(jīng)在中國(guó)帶來(lái)了一波新的生活方式。have有，動(dòng)詞原形；has第三人稱單數(shù)；had過(guò)去式；having動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)“Nowadays,makingteaaroundastove（爐子）isaspecialwayofdrinkingtea.”可知此處描述現(xiàn)在的情況，且表示過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是It，助動(dòng)詞用has。故選B。（2023·湖北襄陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SomeoldChineseinventionshavewonwidepopularityaroundtheworld.Recently,aBritishwomanusedanancientChineseinventiontohelpherson____36____amathproblem.Dr.MantrigrewupinIndia.Shewastaught____37____touseanabacus(算盤)tosolvemathproblemswhenshewasyoung.AfternoticingthathersonDhruvhadgreatdifficultywithmath,shestartedusingthesameancientChinesetooltohelphimafterschool.“MysonwasinGrade5whenInoticedhewas____38____inmath.”saidDr.Mantri,“Iwouldaskhimsomethingveryeasylike‘35-13=?’,buthecouldn’tworkitout.”“IneverthoughtIwouldteachhimtousesuchanoldtool____39____IrealizedIcouldtrytheChineseabacus.Itisauseful____40____tohelpkidsbetterunderstandnumbersandbasiccalculations(計(jì)算).VerysoonIsawtheresults.Aftersixdays,Dhruvstartedtomakeprogress____41____withthehelpoftheabacus.Heevenperformedwiththeabacusataschoolmeetingwheresomeparentscameto____42____adviceonusingittohelptheirkids.”KnownasthefifthinventionofancientChina,Chineseabacusisalso____43____astheearliestcomputer.IthelpedpeoplesolvemanymathproblemsinancientChina.____44____youremembertherules,youcaneasilyuseit.Sometimes,justmoveonebead(算珠),then____45____bead,andyouwillgettheanswer.Whatamagictool!Sofar,theChineseabacushasbeenlistedasanintangibleculturalheritageofhumanbeings(人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn))for10yearseversince2013.36．A．dealwith B．partwith C．a(chǎn)greewith D．competewith37．A．what B．how C．where D．when38．A．creative B．weak C．talented D．successful39．A．a(chǎn)fter B．when C．until D．since40．A．sign B．report C．method D．symbol41．A．politely B．loudly C．bravely D．rapidly42．A．carefor B．leavefor

C．a(chǎn)skfor

D．payfor43．A．cost B．caught C．covered D．considered44．A．Aslongas B．Aswellas C．Asgoodas D．Asfaras45．A．other B．others C．theothers D．a(chǎn)nother【答案】36．A37．B38．B39．C40．C41．D42．C43．D44．A45．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了中國(guó)算盤在解決數(shù)學(xué)題上應(yīng)用。36．句意：最近，一位英國(guó)婦女用一種中國(guó)古代發(fā)明來(lái)幫助她的兒子解決一道數(shù)學(xué)題。dealwith處理；partwith放棄；agreewith同意；competewith和……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)“amathproblem.”可知是指處理問(wèn)題，故選A。37．句意：她很小的時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了如何使用算盤來(lái)解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題。what什么；how如何；where哪里；when什么時(shí)候。根據(jù)“taught...touseanabacus(算盤)tosolvemathproblems”可知學(xué)會(huì)如何使用算盤來(lái)解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題。故選B。38．句意：我兒子上五年級(jí)的時(shí)候，我注意到他數(shù)學(xué)很差。creative有創(chuàng)造力的；weak虛弱的；talented有天賦的；successful成功的。根據(jù)“Iwouldaskhimsomethingveryeasylike‘35-13=?’,buthecouldn’tworkitout.”可知數(shù)學(xué)很差，故選B。39．句意：我從沒(méi)想過(guò)我會(huì)教他使用這么古老的工具，直到我意識(shí)到我可以試試中國(guó)算盤。after在……之后；when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；until直到；since自從。根據(jù)“IneverthoughtIwouldteachhimtousesuchanoldtool...IrealizedIcouldtrytheChineseabacus.”可知此處屬于not...until...“直到……才……”的結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的否定詞是never。故選C。40．句意：這是一種幫助孩子們更好地理解數(shù)字和基本計(jì)算的有用方法。sign標(biāo)志；report報(bào)告；method方法；symbol象征。根據(jù)“theChineseabacus.”可知用算盤來(lái)解決數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題是一種幫助孩子們更好地理解數(shù)字和基本計(jì)算的有用方法，故選C。41．句意：六天后，德魯在算盤的幫助下開始快速進(jìn)步。politely禮貌地；loudly大聲地；bravely勇敢地；rapidly快速地。根據(jù)“withthehelpoftheabacus.”可知在算盤的幫助下應(yīng)該進(jìn)步很快，故選D。42．句意：他甚至在一次學(xué)校會(huì)議上用算盤表演，一些家長(zhǎng)來(lái)咨詢?nèi)绾斡盟惚P幫助孩子。carefor關(guān)心；leavefor動(dòng)身去；askfor尋求；payfor為……付款。根據(jù)“advice”可知一些家長(zhǎng)尋求建議，故選C。43．句意：算盤被稱為中國(guó)古代的第五項(xiàng)發(fā)明，也被認(rèn)為是最早的計(jì)算機(jī)。cost花費(fèi)；caught抓??；covered覆蓋；considered考慮。根據(jù)“Chineseabacusisalso...astheearliestcomputer.”可知中國(guó)算盤被認(rèn)為是最早的計(jì)算機(jī)，beconsideredas“被認(rèn)為……”，故選D。44．句意：只要你記住規(guī)則，你就可以很容易地使用它。Aslongas只要；Aswellas既……又……；Asgoodas和……一樣好；Asfaras就……而言。根據(jù)“youremembertherules,youcaneasilyuseit.”可知前句是后句的條件，可以用aslongas引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，故選A。45．句意：有時(shí)，只要移動(dòng)一個(gè)算珠，然后再移動(dòng)另一個(gè)算珠，你就會(huì)得到答案。other其他的；others其他人；theothers剩余的全部；another另一個(gè)。根據(jù)“Sometimes,justmoveonebead(算珠),then...bead”可知此處是one...another“一個(gè)……另一個(gè)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。（2023·四川雅安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Chinaisthehomelandoftea.Wildteatreeswithover3,000yearsoldcanstillbefoundinSouthwestChina.Teaplantsareusually____46____onthesidesofmountains.Nowadays,teaismorepopularthananyother___47____exceptwaterinChina.Youcanfindplentyofteahouses____48____,especiallyinthetopteaculturecities.IntraditionalChineseculture,____49____teatoaguestisasignofrespect(尊重).Ayoungerpersoncanshowrespectforanolderpersonbyservingacupoftea.Thisiscommonduringbigcelebrations,suchasbirthdaysortheSpringFestival.Teaisbelievedtobea(n)___50____drinkbyChinesepeople.InChina,peoplebelievethatdrinkingteaeverydaycouldreduce(減少)theriskofsomediseases.46．A．used B．grown C．cut D．carried47．A．food B．drink C．fruit D．vegetable48．A．easily B．difficultly C．quietly D．tiredly49．A．picking B．producing C．drinking D．serving50．A．interesting B．lucky C．healthy D．delicious【答案】46．B47．B48．A49．D50．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹中國(guó)的茶文化。46．句意：茶樹通常被種植在山坡上。used使用；grown種植；cut切；carried攜帶。根據(jù)“Teaplantsareusually...onthesidesofmountains.”可知，茶樹通常被種植在山坡上。故選B。47．句意：如今，在中國(guó)，除了水，茶是最受歡迎的飲料。food食物；drink飲料；fruit水果；vegetable蔬菜。根據(jù)“teaismorepopularthananyother...exceptwaterinChina”可知，除了水，茶是最受歡迎的飲料。故選B。48．句意：你可以很容易地找到很多茶館，尤其是在頂級(jí)茶文化城市。easily