一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題 考向19 非謂語動(dòng)詞（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1考向19非謂語動(dòng)詞Weneverdoubt________thismuseumisworth________.A．whether;visiting B．that;visiting C．whether;tovisit D．that;tovisit命題趨勢(shì)：非謂語動(dòng)詞是歷年中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞不定式；2.動(dòng)名詞；3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。非謂語動(dòng)詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語，但同時(shí)仍保留動(dòng)詞某些特征的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。構(gòu)成：to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式作用：作除謂語外的任何成分構(gòu)成：v-.ing/v.-ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分詞作用：表、定、狀、補(bǔ)構(gòu)成：v.-ing動(dòng)名詞作用：主、賓、表、定考向一：不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，為避免＂頭重腳輕＂常用it作形式主語。常用句型有：①Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意為＂做某事對(duì)某人來說是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意為＂做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間＂Tomasteralanguageisnoteasy=Itisnoteasytomasteralanguage.學(xué)好一門語言是不容易的。作賓語常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：wouldlike,want,like,hope,wish,plan,decide,learn,agree,try,remember,forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,begin,start等think,find,believe等動(dòng)詞可用于＂動(dòng)詞+it+adj.+todosth.＂句型中。it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語是后面的不定式。Iwouldliketomakefriendswithyou.我想要和你交朋友。Ifinditdifficulttopassmymathexam.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要通過數(shù)學(xué)考試很難。作定語動(dòng)詞不定式放在名詞、代詞后作定語，兩者之間常有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該加上相應(yīng)的介詞。常接不定式作定語的名詞有：time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambitionCanyougivemeapentowritewith?能給我一只用于書寫的筆嗎？Doyouhavesomethingtosay?你有什么要說的嗎？作狀語不定式?？捎米鳡钫Z，修飾動(dòng)詞，表示行為的目的、結(jié)果和原因。Todoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具要對(duì)頭。作表語放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語。Mydreamistobeanengineer.我想成為一名工程師。2.不定式的特殊用法①使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，須省略to。此類動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五幫(help)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to則要加上。②動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被動(dòng)形式為tobedone。?Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我們老師要求我們不要獨(dú)自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑問詞+帶to的不定式＂的動(dòng)詞有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。?Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我媽媽教我如何做飯。考向二：動(dòng)名詞（一）動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞是由＂動(dòng)詞+-ing＂構(gòu)成，和現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)。（二）動(dòng)名詞作用句子成分用法例句作主語單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：Itisnouse（good）+v.ing.Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。Itisnousearguingagain.再去爭(zhēng)吵也沒有用。作表語放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語Herjobislookingafterthechildren.她的工作是照顧這些小孩子。作賓語用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式作賓語的詞有：avoid,finish,consider,giveup,cannothelp,allow,imagine,include,keep,mind,practice,suggest，succeedin,beusedtodo,lookforwardto,enjoy,bebusyNomatterwhathappened,Iwon’tgiveupachievingmydream.不管發(fā)生了什么事情，我都不會(huì)放棄去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。作定語用于名詞前，起修飾說明作用Thereisaswimmingpoolinherhome.她家有個(gè)游泳池。（三）動(dòng)名詞的特殊用法即可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)兩者之間的意義差別不大，但remember,regret,want,try等詞后差別比較明顯?？枷蛉悍衷~（一）現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞由v.+ing構(gòu)成，過去分詞v.+ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)構(gòu)成。（二）分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，有主動(dòng)的含義，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成，有被動(dòng)的含義。Thecryingboyannoyedusalot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.這個(gè)故事很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。作賓語補(bǔ)足語用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以聽見自己的心臟跳得很快。作狀語通常表示主語正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來對(duì)主語的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎棥gothome,feelingverytired.我疲憊地回到家里。非謂語動(dòng)詞解題七大原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式。原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing。原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)式。原則五：非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原則七：用于名詞后作定語時(shí)：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用過去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】后跟todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞（詞組）(1)想要，拒絕，忘記(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)(2)需要，努力，學(xué)習(xí)(need,try,learn)(3)喜歡，同意，幫助(like,agree,help)(4)希望，決定，開始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)習(xí)慣(beusedto)卻完畢(finish)想要(feellike)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)還介意(mind)1．Alotofthingsalways________him.Hehasnochoicebut________forhiswife’sadvice.A．worry;ask B．worryabout;toask C．worryabout;ask: D．worry,toask2．—________twice,thecatrefusedtomoveneartothetableunlessthedogwasaway.A．Beingbitten B．Bitten C．Havingbitten D．Tobebitten3．________greatfunIhad________tothespeechgivenbyfavoritestar!A．What;listening B．Whata;listening C．What;tolisten D．How;tolisten4．ThereweresomanyinterestingbooksinthebookshopthatIcouldn’tdecide________tobuy.A．which B．that C．how D．what5．YanchengMuseumisworth________.A．beingvisited B．tovisit C．tovisiting D．visiting6．Ifyouwanttogetgoodscoresonyourexams,youshouldavoid________carelessmistakes.A．make B．making C．tomake D．made7．Finallyheknewhisteachershadmoreexperienceindealingwiththoseproblems,soheregretted________tothem.A．listening B．tolisten C．talkingback D．totalkback8．—Howmuchdifficultydidyouhave________thisproblem?—________.It’squiteeasy.A．tosolve;Nothing B．tosolve;None C．solving;None D．solving;Nothing9．—ZhangDingyuhasdevotedhimselfto________morepatients.—Heismyhero.Hardto________heisalsoapatientwithASL(漸凍癥).A．saving;imagine B．saving;decide C．save;wonder D．save;discover10．—HaveyouheardaboutZhangGuimei?—Ofcourse.Shehasdevotedherself________itpossibleformoregirlstudentsinthemountainvillages________furthereducation.tomake;toreceive B．tomake;toreceiving C．tomaking;receiving D．tomaking;toreceive11．—What’sthematter?—Iamhavingtrouble________whotookmybook.A．findout B．findingout C．lookfor D．lookingfor12．ZhangGuimei,thefamousheadmaster,hasdevotedallofhertime________thosegirlstudentsgetbettereducation.A．help B．helping C．tohelp D．tohelping13．—Idon’thaveafriendtopracticeEnglish________.—WhynotjoinanEnglishclubtopractice________English?A．/;speaking B．with;tospeak C．/;tospeak D．with;speaking14．Lifeislikeastory.________yourstorywonderful,you’dbetterimproveyourselfallthetime.A．Make B．Tomake C．Making D．Made15．Thereissomethingwrongwithmyfather’scomputer.Hewantstohavesomeone________itandhaveit________.A．check;repair B．check;repaired C．checked;repaired D．checked;repair16．Mozarthadanamazinggiftforartandhismusiciswellworth________.A．listening B．beinglistenedto C．beinglistened D．listeningto17．Mostpeopleinourcommunityprefer________awalkaftersupper________.A．totake;torelax B．totake;relaxingC．taking;torelaxing D．taking;torelax18．Mydadseldomhashishair________ina