一輪復(fù)習(xí)微專題 考向24 完形填空（原卷版）

PAGEPAGE1考向24完形填空（2021·浙江衢州市·中考真題）Carloswantedabulldogpuppy（小狗）verymuch.“Thatkindofdogistoo1,”saidMama.“Trytomakesomemoney.Askourneighborsiftheyhave2youcando.”Aftertwoweeks,Carloshadsavedtwenty-sixdollars.Butitwasnotenoughto3apuppy.Then,Papapointedoutaposteratthestore:CityAnimalShelter（收容所）NeedsYourHelp!“Theshelter4homelesspets,“Papasaid.“Carlos,youneedtoknow5tocareforapuppybeforeyougetone.I’msureyoucan6alotbyworkingthere.”Attheshelter,MissJones,themanagersaid,“Weonlytakevolunteerswhoworkfor7.Allourmoneyistohelpanimals.”“You’llknowalotaboutdogs,”P(pán)apa8Carlos.Carlos’sshouldersdropped.Howwasheevergoingtogetenoughmoneyforapuppy?9,heagreedtogiveitatry.CarlosstartedworkingattheshelteronSaturday.Histaskwassweeping.One10namedPepperjumpedandranaroundhimallthetime.Shewasfullygrown,butshewasas11asapuppy.Afterseveralweeks,Carlosbeganto12histimewiththedogs,especiallyPepper.OnedayCarlosaskedMissJoneswhyPepperwassillattheshelter.MissJonessighed,“We’vehad13findingahomeforPepper.Mostpeopledon’twantsuchanenergetic（精力旺盛的）dog.”“I14Icouldbuyher,”Carlosreplied.MissJonessmiled,“Youcan’tbuyher,15youcanadopt（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)）her.”Withhisparents’permission,Carlosmadeitatlast.“IthoughtIwantedabulldogpuppy,butIgotPepperinstead.”Carlossaid.Pepperbarkedwithjoy.1．A．dangerous B．quiet C．expensive D．small2．A．a(chǎn)ctions B．experiments C．sports D．jobs3．A．treat B．save C．buy D．study4．A．takescareof B．looksforward C．dependson D．givesup5．A．why B．how C．when D．where6．A．imagine B．forget C．lose D．learn7．A．fun B．free C．money D．life8．A．stopped B．followed C．encouraged D．warned9．A．Suddenly B．Naturally C．Luckily D．Finally10．A．mouse B．cat C．dog D．rabbit11．A．playful B．careful C．useful D．helpful12．A．hale B．treasure C．waste D．check13．A．trouble B．fun C．orders D．interests14．A．remember B．notice C．hear D．wish15．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so一、命題趨勢(shì)完形填空是英語(yǔ)考試中一項(xiàng)重要的考查內(nèi)容。完形填空也是一種綜合能力測(cè)試題，是對(duì)學(xué)生語(yǔ)法、詞匯、句型、閱讀能力、理解能力和邏輯推理能力的一種多方位的檢測(cè)。按照考試大綱要求，通常在一篇200詞左右的難度適中的文章中留出10-15個(gè)空白，要求學(xué)生從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，使補(bǔ)足的短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。綜觀各地往年中考真題，記敘文居多，而且近年中考中記敘文所占比例超過(guò)50%，預(yù)測(cè)2019年中考完形填空也會(huì)以記敘文為主，側(cè)重考查實(shí)詞和對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)境、邏輯的理解。二、考試內(nèi)容完形填空考題要求考生在閱讀過(guò)一篇不完整的文章后，能根據(jù)上下文意思，在所給的選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案。其考查點(diǎn)有：1.能夠掌握足夠的詞匯量，正確運(yùn)用詞類和詞語(yǔ)的正確搭配。包括名詞、代詞、冠詞、動(dòng)詞等詞類和短語(yǔ)等。2.基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、詞語(yǔ)加慣用法、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主從復(fù)合句等。3.還應(yīng)具有一定的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力、閱讀能力、理解能力、綜合分析能力和邏輯判斷能力。=1\*GB3①以語(yǔ)篇為載體，測(cè)試語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言能力。試題既考查學(xué)生對(duì)短文的整體理解能力，也考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、詞匯知識(shí)的能力以及對(duì)事物的邏輯推理、分析判斷能力。=2\*GB3②以意義填空為主。試題在著重考查考生閱讀理解能力的前提下，兼顧對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、常識(shí)、邏輯推理能力的考查。=3\*GB3③降低對(duì)單詞本身詞義的考查要求，注重考查對(duì)全文意義的理解。中考完形填空備選項(xiàng)中所涉及的詞匯基本上都是常見(jiàn)的初級(jí)詞匯。=4\*GB3④考點(diǎn)分布符合考查目的。試題以名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞等信息詞匯為考查重點(diǎn)，淡化對(duì)介詞、連詞、冠詞等結(jié)構(gòu)詞的考查，以檢測(cè)學(xué)生在具體情境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)的能力。=5\*GB3⑤有的采用主觀試題形式。有些完形填空題全部舍棄了學(xué)生們平時(shí)接觸較多的＂四選一＂形式，而改之以＂自由完形填空＂形式，除了要求填入單詞外，有的還設(shè)置了要求填入詞組或短語(yǔ)的空格。三、命題特點(diǎn)1.選文特點(diǎn)：=1\*GB3①以敘述文體的小故事為主；=2\*GB3②篇幅一般在200~300詞之間；=3\*GB3③難度略低于閱讀理解中的短文；=4\*GB3④所選短文語(yǔ)言地道、純正，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，邏輯性強(qiáng)。2.設(shè)空特點(diǎn)①首句通常不挖空，以便考生對(duì)短文前提和背景有個(gè)較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語(yǔ)境、推測(cè)文章大意。②短文設(shè)空平均密度為10—20個(gè)單詞設(shè)一個(gè)空。3.選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)①每個(gè)小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般都屬于同一詞性，語(yǔ)意范疇相同。長(zhǎng)短相宜，避免了對(duì)答案的明顯暗示，彼此之間也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)相互包容的情況。偶爾有個(gè)別小題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性不同，但其語(yǔ)法功能大都一樣。②單從語(yǔ)法角度，甚至從某一句的角度來(lái)看，干擾項(xiàng)都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某種搭配，從而形成一定的干擾或起到迷惑作用。=3\*GB3③選項(xiàng)使用詞匯沒(méi)有重復(fù)，盡可能增加考查內(nèi)容的覆蓋面。4.考查特點(diǎn)近幾年的完形填空題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文的理解，要求考生通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)作出選擇。＂語(yǔ)境能力型＂試題具有一定難度，因?yàn)樗o的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往在語(yǔ)法方面都能成立，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配，極具干擾和迷惑作用。5.難處暗示特點(diǎn)完形填空的短文有時(shí)因?yàn)樾形牡男枰霈F(xiàn)了對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)較難理解的背景，或者有時(shí)是命題者為了有意識(shí)地控制完形填空的難度等原因，往往會(huì)在短文的適當(dāng)之處安排暗示。但這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說(shuō)前面的某些空從當(dāng)時(shí)的情況來(lái)看，或是線索不清，或是語(yǔ)境不明，無(wú)法填出，但只要繼續(xù)往后看，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在文章后面的某個(gè)地方有暗示。完形填空題解題技巧一、解題步驟1.通讀全文，了解大意。通讀全文時(shí)，要跳過(guò)空格快速閱讀，弄清文章的基本含義?？梢韵瓤焖匍喿x全文，這樣我們對(duì)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有個(gè)基本的了解。有利于進(jìn)一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，為后面的答題創(chuàng)造條件。2.重視首句的開(kāi)篇啟示作用。完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的首句通?？梢渣c(diǎn)明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的＂窗口＂。可以以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)為立足點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測(cè)全文的大意及主題。所以應(yīng)該重視首句的啟示作用。3.抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題。解題時(shí)，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則，聯(lián)系上下文展開(kāi)邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問(wèn)題的特定語(yǔ)境，語(yǔ)篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。在解題過(guò)程中，應(yīng)遵循＂先易后難＂的原則，遇到個(gè)別難題不易判斷時(shí)，可先跳過(guò)去，先去解決那些靠上下文能確定的、比較直接明確的問(wèn)題。隨著下文的展開(kāi)和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的暗示。因此，在選擇答案時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供的有用信息。4.重讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。在全部空格補(bǔ)全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否無(wú)誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來(lái)不流暢，這就說(shuō)明那里有毛病，就要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲、訂正。二、技巧點(diǎn)撥1.充分利用首句作為解題的突破口。完形填空的首句往往是完整的、不設(shè)空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句，因此，應(yīng)充分重視完形填空的首句，通過(guò)它大致把握全文的大意和作者的意圖，利用它作為解題的突破口。依據(jù)首句的提示，捕捉文中關(guān)鍵信息，通覽全文，了解文章的題材、體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)、背景、內(nèi)容大意、前因后果、情節(jié)發(fā)展、論點(diǎn)論據(jù)等基本信息。同時(shí)，可以對(duì)有些空格要填的詞做試探性猜測(cè)，為下一步選擇最佳選項(xiàng)做好準(zhǔn)備。2.根據(jù)上下文的邏輯意義確定答案。文章是一個(gè)具有內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的整體，而上下文則是營(yíng)造語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)，也是邏輯推理的依據(jù)。通讀全文，理順大意，根據(jù)上下文找出信息詞，是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命題設(shè)計(jì)正朝著深層化和語(yǔ)境化方向發(fā)展，逐漸淡化單純的語(yǔ)言分析考查，而越來(lái)越側(cè)重對(duì)邏輯推理判斷的考查。詞語(yǔ)在特定語(yǔ)境中所表達(dá)的隱含信息大都無(wú)法從字面或—個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子的表面理解傳達(dá)出來(lái)，這就大大增加了干擾項(xiàng)的迷惑性，從而提高了試題難度。因此，要想解決這類題目，只有借助上下文乃至全文語(yǔ)境的提示。3.從詞匯的意義和用法方面考慮。做好完形填空必須具備較大詞匯量，并結(jié)合上下文確定詞義。完形填空在命題過(guò)程中，淡化基礎(chǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和短語(yǔ)搭配，側(cè)重詞匯的活用。應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)詞匯合乎情景需求的判斷的訓(xùn)練，加深對(duì)基本詞匯的感受能力和應(yīng)用能力，提高完形填空題的解題技能。4.積累習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。完形填空題中考查習(xí)慣搭配和固定用法的題目也占有一定比重，這就需要平時(shí)記憶和積累，做到脫口而出。這類題屬于較容易的，一般在初選時(shí)就能確定。5.依據(jù)作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。作者寫(xiě)一篇文章必有他的意圖和目的，作者在表達(dá)情感時(shí)總是選擇特定的詞匯，因此文章字里行間不可避免地滲透了作者的情感。做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)該留心捕捉作者的情感信息。6.注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)句法、語(yǔ)法，能把復(fù)雜的句子變得簡(jiǎn)單，使得意義清晰，信息透明。7.依據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)。有些空涉及到我們應(yīng)該具備的常識(shí)，是否合乎情理是我們選擇的依據(jù)。AAweekago,studentsfromthebandofHillgroveHighSchoolarrivedatComptonPrimarySchool,Georgia.Then,something1happened.Theystartedtohangoutwithandtalktothelittleguys.Theywantedtomakesuretheschool’syoungesthad2intheirhomesthatweek.Theexcitingpartofthisthingwasthatthis3camefrom17-year-oldNathanJones,notanadult.JonesisintheHillgroveHawksband.Theidea,hesaid,cameto4twoyearsagoduringadiscussionaboutcommunityservice.Servingthecommunitywasnothing5toJones.Foryears,heandhisfamilyhadbeenactivecommunityvolunteers.Lastyear,Jonesthoughtitagoodideatogettheschoolbandto6communityservice,onlyfortheyoungkidsintheschool.BanddirectorPatrickErwinagreed7finallydecidedtheyhadneitherthetimenortheresources(資源)todoit.“Thisyear,Idecided8again.”Jonessaid.BackinAugust,Joneschallengedthebandtoraise$5,000(34,707yuan)tohelpwiththecostofpackingthemeals.Intwoweeks,they’d9$6,000,enoughtoprovide2,500familymeals.Nowit’stheendofthemonth.Thefridgesare10empty,soabagoffoodcanmeanalotformanyofthosestudents.“Thisisaone-casserole(燉鍋)dishthatcan11thewholefamily,”saidBethLair,headmasteratCompton.“Thisisneighborhelpingneighbor.”ButHillgrove’s12isn’tjustaboutfeedingthebody.Theband’sgoalwastoshift(轉(zhuǎn)移)students’attention13getting“l(fā)ikes”onsocialmedia(媒體)tobuildingrelationshipswiththepeoplearoundthem.Sothebanddecidedonthemessage—“whattheworldneedsnowis14,notlikes”—foritshalftimeshow.“Thatmeans15goingintothecommunityandshowinglove,”Jonessaid.“We’regoingoutanddoingwhatwe’retellingpeopletodo.”1．A．wonderful B．terrible C．upset D．relaxing2．A．money B．food C．freedom D．time3．A．promise B．lesson C．idea D．a(chǎn)bility4．A．her B．him C．us D．it5．A．easy B．common C．new D．important6．A．joinin B．putoff C．giveup D．turndown7．A．but B．a(chǎn)nd C．or D．so8．A．torefuse B．totry C．toafford D．toplay9．A．wasted B．saved C．made D．collected10．A．never B．still C．possibly D．seldom11．A．honor B．hold C．feed D．connect12．A．tradition B．memory C．trade D．effort13．A．a(chǎn)gainst B．towards C．from D．a(chǎn)bout14．A．love B．energy C．humor D．thanks15．A．suddenly B．proudly C．quietly D．a(chǎn)ctuallyB閱讀下面短文，掌握大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Itwasrainy.Iwasonabusdowntowntogotowork,feelingterrible.IwassittingnexttoabusinessmaninasuitandIdidn’tpaymuchattention16webothgotoffatthesamestopandwalkedtothesamestall（售貨亭）togetamorning17.Thestallownerwassuretohavea18day.Hewasrudeandunsmilingasweboughtourpapers,whichonly19moregloom（抑郁）tomyday.Thebusinessmannoticedmygloomyfeeling.Hesmiledbrightly,20thestallownerforthepaperandforbeingopenonsuchamorningtomakesurewewereabletogetourpapers.Inshort,heexpressedhisthanksfor21thatmostofuswouldtakeforgranted（認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然）.Thestallownerrepliedonlywitha22expression,butthebusinessmanstillgladlywishedhimaniceday.Asweturnedaway,Iaskedtheman23hehadcontinuedtosmiletothestallownerwhenhedidn’t24hisexpressionofthanksandfriendlinessatall.Thebusinessmansmiledat25andsaid,“WhywouldIletsomeoneelse26whatIsayandwhatIfeelorwhatkindofdayI’mgoingtohave?”Wethen27togotoourdifferentworkplaces.Untiltoday,Istillknownothingaboutthat28.ButI’veneverforgottenthewordshesaidandhis29whichseemedlikearayoflightonagloomyday.I30hadachancetothankhimpersonally,butthewayIlookatlifehasreallychangedbecauseofhim.Wecannotcontrolpeopleandsituationsthatcometous,butwecanalwayschoosetoreplytothempositively,andthenmakeapositivedifferencetoourlife.16．A．since B．a(chǎn)fter C．unless D．until17．A．call B．newspaper C．suit D．coffee18．A．good B．nervous C．bad D．quiet19．A．a(chǎn)dded B．a(chǎn)llowed C．returned D．offered20．A．a(chǎn)sking B．remembering C．welcoming D．thanking21．A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing22．A．cold B．sad C．warm D．polite23．A．how B．why C．when D．whether24．A．worryabout B．thinkabout C．careabout D．learnabout25．A．him B．me C．us D．them26．A．explain B．translate C．control D．correct27．A．continued B．traveled C．disappeared D．separated28．A．driver B．stallowner C．businessman D．policeman29．A．humor B．smile C．business D．help30．A．often B．seldom C．once D．neverC閱讀下面短文，掌握大意，然后從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。LastyearIdecidedtodosomevolunteerwork.Ibeganto31ontheInternetanddiscoveredVolunteerUSA．ThreemonthslaterI32myselfonaplanetoPhoenix,Arizona.Iwasscaredatthethoughtoflivingwithlotsof33peopleforthreemonths.However,withinfifteenminutesofarriving,my34hadgone.Everyonewassofriendlyandlike-mindedthatitwasvery35tofeelathome.IwassenttotheCoronadoNationalForestformyfirst8-dayproject.Wehadto36everythingweneededandwalkthreemilestowhereweworked.Itmaynotseemlikea37waybutin35℃heatandwithaheavypack,mylegswereonfire.My38wastobuildastairway(臺(tái)階)outofrock.Thismeantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(棲息)bymountainlions,39Ishouldsaytheywereonlyheard,neverseen.Threedayslater,abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.Igotsuchastrongfeelingof40whenIknewthatmyworkwillbeonthatmountainsideformanyyears.Butonthelastnightwewere41inarainstorm.Iwokeupatmidnighttofindaswimmingpoolinmytent.Thetemperaturewascloseto42.ItwassocoldthatIhadtospendtherestofthenighttrembling(顫抖)intheonly43partofmytent.Needlesstosay,Isufferedalot.ButIknowwhateverIhaveto44inmylifeIwasthereandIsurvived.IthinkIammuch45forhavingtakenpartintheproject.31．A．compete B．discuss C．cancel D．research32．A．imagined B．found C．enjoyed D．introduced33．A．new B．busy C．crazy D．creative34．A．excitement B．shyness C．worry D．kindness35．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy36．A．drop B．carry C．make D．list37．A．nice B．safe C．long D．quick38．A．job B．secret C．hobby D．fault39．A．unless B．because C．since D．a(chǎn)lthough40．A．satisfaction B．sadness C．relief D．shame41．A．left B．caught C．punished D．separated42．A．normal B．boiling C．freezing D．a(chǎn)verage43．A．clean B．dry C．big D．safe44．A．face B．a(chǎn)void C．follow D．bring45．A．smarter B．busier C．happier D．strongerD通讀下面短文，掌握其大意,然后在各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。ASmileIsGoodMedicineAt5:00p.m.Istoppedatthemarkettopickupafewessentials—creamforcoffee,eggsforbreakfastandmedicineformyterrible46.Havingbeenrushingallday,Iwas47outanddidnotwanttoshopwithcrowdsofothertired48.ButItoldmyselfitwasmylaststop49goinghometoputmyfeetupandwatchmyhusbandmakedinner.SoIgrittedmyteeth,tookadeepbreathandenteredthe50.That’swhenIsawher,ababy51inashoppingcart(購(gòu)物車),wholookedaround9monthsold,withblondhairandlargeblueeyes.Westaredateachother.ThenIdidwhatIalwaysdowithchildren:Igavehermybestsmile.That’sa52IformedlongagowhenIbecameamother.It53myfirstchild,inthatunforgettable,life-changingmomentwhenhewas54onmybodyandIwatchedhimturn