Unit 1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法梳理精練（原卷版）

知識(shí)清單專(zhuān)題01【知識(shí)串講】必修三Unit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法梳理精練知識(shí)清單fitinwith適應(yīng)；符合；與…一致【教材原句】Difficultiesfittinginwithothers.很難適應(yīng)其他人 fitin適應(yīng) keepfit(＝keephealthy)保持健康befitfor...適合…… befittodosth.適合做某事inamess雜亂；混亂；陷入困境helpsb.out幫某人一把【教材原句】I'minatotalmesshere—hopeyoucanhelpmeout!我現(xiàn)在一團(tuán)糟——希望你能幫我一把！ makeamessof弄亂；把……弄糟 Whatamess!真亂?。?messup把…弄糟；使心情惡劣becrazyabout對(duì)……著迷【教材原句】I'mcrazyaboutbasketball,andprettygoodatittoo,whichisprobablywhyIwassomadwhenwelostourlastmatch.我很癡迷并且還很擅長(zhǎng)打籃球，這可能是我們輸?shù)羯洗蔚谋荣悤r(shí)我發(fā)瘋的原因。drivesb.crazy把某人逼瘋 gocrazy發(fā)瘋；失去理智letdown使失望；辜負(fù)【教材原句】Weplayedwell,butIfelttheteamwereletdownbyonemember,ourpointguard.我們打得很好，但我覺(jué)得球隊(duì)被一名隊(duì)員辜負(fù)了——我們的控球后衛(wèi)。letoffsteam發(fā)泄怒火，宣泄情緒【教材原句】Iwasjustlettingoffsteamreally,becauseIwassoangry,butthenmyfriendwentandtoldeveryoneelsewhatI’dsaid. 我真的只是在發(fā)泄情緒，因?yàn)槲液苌鷼猓侨缓笪业呐笥丫腿ジ嬖V了其他每個(gè)人我說(shuō)的話。concentrateon全神貫注于；集中精力于【教材原句】Embarrassedandashamed,Ican'tconcentrateonanything.感到尷尬和羞愧，我不能集中在任何事情上。embarrassedandashamed為形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)，修飾句子的主語(yǔ)。Overjoyedbuttired，theywenttobedearly.他們非常高興但又很疲憊，很早就睡覺(jué)了。（表伴隨狀語(yǔ)）Thirstyandeagertogetalittlerest,hewentintotheteahouseandseatedhimselfatalittletable.因?yàn)榉浅？什⑶移惹邢胍菹⒁幌?，他進(jìn)了茶室，坐在了一張小桌子旁。（表原因狀語(yǔ)） Theyreturnedfromwar,safeandsound.他們安然無(wú)恙地從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中歸來(lái)。（表結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） Oldandyoung,thepeasantsarebusywiththeautumnharvest.無(wú)論年長(zhǎng)的還是年輕的,農(nóng)民們都在忙著秋收。（表讓步狀語(yǔ)）looseadj.松的；控制不嚴(yán)的； v.松開(kāi)，釋放sinkv.使(船)沉沒(méi)（過(guò)去式sank；過(guò)去分詞sunk）【教材原句】ThereisanoldAmericansaying,“Looselipssinkships.”美國(guó)有句老話：“禍從口出。”looselipssinkships禍從口出admitv.承認(rèn)；允許進(jìn)入；錄取，錄用【教材原句】Youadmitthatyouwere“l(fā)ettingoffsteam”.你承認(rèn)你在“發(fā)泄怒氣”。 admitdoingsth. 承認(rèn)做某事 beadmittedto/into 被……錄取 Itisgenerallyadmittedthat... 人們普遍贊同... admissionn.承認(rèn)；允許進(jìn)入；錄取，錄用apologisev.道歉，謝罪【教材原句】First,apologisetoyourteammate.首先,向你的隊(duì)友道歉。 apologise(tosb)for(doing)sth.=makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.因(做)某事(向某人)道歉 apologyn.道歉，認(rèn)錯(cuò) acceptone’sapology接受某人的道歉signalv.發(fā)信號(hào)； n.信號(hào)【教材原句】Thisgivespeoplethewrongsignal.這會(huì)給人錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)。signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事 giveasignal(tosb.)（向某人）發(fā)信號(hào)breathn.呼出的氣【教材原句】Takeadeepbreath,calmdown,andalwaysremember:thinkfirst,speaklater.深呼吸，讓自己平靜下來(lái)，并謹(jǐn)記：先想，后說(shuō)。 takeadeepbreath 深吸一口氣 outofbreath 氣喘吁吁,上氣不接下氣holdone’sbreath 屏住呼吸breathev.呼吸breathein吸氣 breatheout呼氣concernvt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到； n.擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；【教材原句】Ifyoufeeloneofyourteammatesisn'tpullingtheirweight,thenraiseyourconcernsinaprofessionalwaywithyourteamcoach.如果你覺(jué)得你的一名隊(duì)友沒(méi)有盡職盡責(zé)，那就以一種專(zhuān)業(yè)的方式向你的團(tuán)隊(duì)教練提出你的擔(dān)憂。（1）pullone’sweight做好分內(nèi)事，盡責(zé)（2）show/expressconcernabout/for…=concernabout/for…對(duì)…表示關(guān)心（3）concernedadj.擔(dān)心的；關(guān)注的；相關(guān)的beconcernedabout/for擔(dān)心……；關(guān)心……asfaras...beconcerned就……而言；依……之見(jiàn)lookdownon看不起,輕視,蔑視【教材原句】Theywouldlookdownonher.他們會(huì)看不起她。lookupto敬仰，欽佩，仰慕 lookafter 照顧，照料lookahead向前看，著眼未來(lái) lookaround/about四處看看，四下環(huán)顧lookat看 lookback回頭看，回顧過(guò)去lookforwardto盼望，期待 lookinto 觀察；調(diào)查lookon 旁觀，觀望 lookon…as... 把…看作…lookout 當(dāng)心，小心,留神 lookthrough瀏覽，快速查看lookup 查閱，查詢；抬頭看annoyedadj.惱怒的，煩惱的，生氣的【教材原句】PreventedfromplayingherroleinRiley'semotionaldevelopment,Sadnessfeelsannoyed.“悲傷”由于無(wú)法在萊莉的情感發(fā)展中起作用，她感到很煩惱。be/getannoyedwithsb.at/about/bysth.因某事生某人的氣annoyvt.使惱怒，使生氣 annoyingadj.令人氣惱的adjustv．適應(yīng)，(使)習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)【教材原句】WhenRileymovestoanewcity,shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings.當(dāng)萊莉搬到一個(gè)新的城市時(shí)，她很難適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 adjustoneselftosth.適應(yīng)某事 adjustto(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事；適應(yīng)(做)某事 adjustmentn.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) makeanadjustment/adjustmentsto...對(duì)……進(jìn)行調(diào)整adjustableadj.可調(diào)節(jié)的ensurevt.保證，確?！窘滩脑洹縒orriedabouther,JoyandSadnesstrytoworktogethertoensureshegetshercorememoriesback.出于對(duì)她的擔(dān)心，快樂(lè)和悲傷盡力一起工作，以確保她找回自己的核心記憶。 ensure=makesure確保，保證accidentn.事故，意外事件，偶然因素byaccident 偶然地，意外地【教材原句】SadnesswantstodoherdutybutbyaccidentcausesthelossofRiley’shappycorememorieswithJoy. “悲傷”想履行自己的職責(zé)，卻意外地讓萊莉失去了與“快樂(lè)”幸福的核心記憶。forgivev.原諒，寬恕【教材原句】Trytoforgivesomeonewhentheyapologize.當(dāng)別人道歉時(shí)，盡量原諒他們。forgivesb.for(doing)sth.原諒某人(做過(guò))某事 forgivesb.sth.原諒某人某事；寬恕某人某事embarrassmentn．尷尬，難為情【教材原句】Thiscancauseembarrassment.這會(huì)造成尷尬。 toone’sembarrassment 令某人尷尬的是embarrassv.使尷尬，使窘迫 embarrassedadj.尷尬的，窘迫的 embarrassingadj.令人尷尬的getalongwith與…相處【教材原句】Icantellheisnoteasytogetalongwith.我能看出他不容易相處。getaccustomedto 習(xí)慣于 getacross 被傳達(dá)；被理解getaway離開(kāi)，逃脫 getdownto(doing)sth.開(kāi)始著手(做)某事，認(rèn)真考慮getoff從…下來(lái) getover克服；恢復(fù)getridof除去，擺脫 getthrough完成；通過(guò)；接通getusedto(doing)sth.習(xí)慣(做)某事Itisbelievedthat...人們相信…【教材原句】ItisbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ(intelligencequotient)inpeople’slives. 人們相信在人們生活中情商甚至比智商更重要。 Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)…… Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itisdecidedthat... 已經(jīng)決定…… Itissuggested/advisedthat...有人建議……Itisorderedthat... 根據(jù)命令…… Itisthought/consideredthat...有人認(rèn)為……Itishopedthat...人們希望…… Itisexpectedthat...人們預(yù)料……Itisannouncedthat...已宣布……remainv.剩余；保持；仍然，一直；留待，尚待【教材原句】Writtenmorethantwohundredyearsago,theselinesbyWalterScottremainoneofthemostwell-knownexcerptsofScottishpoetry. 沃爾特·斯科特的這些詩(shī)句是兩百多年前寫(xiě)的，至今仍是蘇格蘭詩(shī)歌中最著名的節(jié)選之一。 remaintobedone有待被做 remainingadj. 留下的;剩余的;其余的protect...from...保護(hù)…免受…【教材原句】Perhapswecomfortourselveswiththeknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”:littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth. 也許我們會(huì)安慰自己，認(rèn)為自己所說(shuō)的謊言大部分都是“善意的謊言”：為了保護(hù)別人不讓其知道真相所講的小小的謊言。 protectionn.保護(hù) environmentalprotection環(huán)境保護(hù)undertheprotectionof 在……的保護(hù)之下tearn.眼淚，淚水；v.撕碎，撕裂【教材原句】Ifyou’vehadabadday,doyoutellyourparentsaboutit,ordoyouhideyourtearsandliethatyourdaywas“fine”? 如果你度過(guò)了糟糕的一天，你會(huì)告訴你的父母，還是你會(huì)隱藏你的眼淚，撒謊說(shuō)你今天過(guò)得“很好”?intears流著淚，含淚 burstintotears放聲大哭tearup撕毀；撕碎(文件等) teardown拆毀；拆除(建筑物、墻等)sothat（表目的）目的是，為了，以便；（表結(jié)果）因此，所以frankadj.坦率的，坦誠(chéng)的，直言不諱的【教材原句】Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.停下來(lái)想一想，也許你的朋友想從你這里得到一些坦率的評(píng)論，以便他們能改進(jìn)。 franklyadv.坦白說(shuō)，坦率地說(shuō)=tobefranklattern.(兩者中的)后者；adj.較后的；后半的【教材原句】Ifthelatter,don’tyouthinkyourparentswouldwanttolistentoyouandunderstandyourfeelings? 如果是后者，你不覺(jué)得你的父母會(huì)愿意聽(tīng)你說(shuō)話，理解你的感受嗎? formern.前者；adj.以前的，之前的everytime（+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）每次…的時(shí)候【教材原句】Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit. 也許你說(shuō)的“好吃”的飯菜會(huì)在你每次來(lái)的時(shí)候都有。 thefirst/secondtime（+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）第一次/第二次……時(shí)(the)lasttime/(the)nexttime（+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）上次/下次……時(shí)bythetime（+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）到……時(shí)為止independentadj.獨(dú)立的；自立的the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…越…，越…【教材原句】Themoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.你越獨(dú)立，你的生活就會(huì)越好。beindependentof不依賴于；獨(dú)立于 independencen.獨(dú)立bedependenton/dependon依靠；依賴；取決于Themore,thebetter.越多越好；多多益善apartadv.分離，分開(kāi)【教材原句】Assoonastheystartedtogetcloser,theyhurteachotherwiththeirquills,sotheyhadtomoveapart. 它們剛開(kāi)始靠近，就用刺互相傷害，所以它們不得不分開(kāi)。take...apart將……拆卸開(kāi) tell...apart把……區(qū)別/分辨開(kāi)apartfrom除了，除……之外(還有)

語(yǔ)法清單語(yǔ)法清單過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：done邏輯主語(yǔ)：主句的主語(yǔ)關(guān)系構(gòu)成：與主句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系/主句的主語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系意義：作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?？稍谶^(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。Askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.=Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.=WhenPhilipwasaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.當(dāng)被問(wèn)到對(duì)教學(xué)工作的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，菲利普說(shuō)他覺(jué)得它既有趣又有意義。作原因狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于專(zhuān)心畫(huà)畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。作條件狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句?？杉舆B詞if,unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.=Ifusedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.=Ifonetinisusedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果用得仔細(xì)的話，一罐可以用六周。作讓步狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.＝Althoughdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.＝Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.盡管被對(duì)手擊敗，但是他從沒(méi)放棄希望。作方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句。Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.＝Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.她接受了禮物，深深地被感動(dòng)了。過(guò)去分詞（done）與現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。

單元過(guò)關(guān)單元過(guò)關(guān)一、根據(jù)首字母或中文提示完成句子。1．（2023秋·重慶·高一重慶巴蜀中學(xué)?？计谀㏒arahchosetotakethestairsandwhenreachingthe20thfloor,shefeltoutofb___________.2．（2022春·山東濟(jì)南·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Tobef______,IthinkJinanhasmadeabetterimpressiononmethananyotherplace.3．（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一廣州市培正中學(xué)統(tǒng)考期末）(原諒)________me,butIreallydon’tagreewithyouabouttheneedforchange.4．（2023秋·吉林·高一校聯(lián)考期末）Hesaiditsosincerelythathiswife__________(寬恕)himrightaway.5．（2023秋·廣東汕頭·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Haveyousharedthelearning________(策略)withyourpartner?6．（2022春·新疆塔城·高一沙灣縣第一中學(xué)?？计谀㊣fyouencouragestudentstoexpresstheirthoughtsandcreativeideas,theywilllearntobecome________(獨(dú)立的)thinkers.7．（2022春·廣西桂林·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Beforetravellingwemust__________(確保，保證)theavailabilityofpetrolandoil.8．（2022春·廣西南寧·高一南寧三十六中?？计谀㊣don’tlikeskating;m______(而且),theiceistoothin.9．（2022秋·福建寧德·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Doesitc_______(使擔(dān)心)youthatyourchildrenareoutafterdark?10．（2020秋·安徽蚌埠·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Hungeristhebody’ss________（信號(hào)）thatlevelsofbloodsugararetoolow.二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．（2021秋·廣東東莞·高一統(tǒng)考期末）________(compare)withothersports,basketballfeaturesmorecontinuousaction.2．（2023秋·廣東惠州·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Iwas________(annoy)withhimabouthisbadhabit.3．（2023秋·廣東東莞·高一統(tǒng)考期末）_____(form)bysometeenagers,thebandisquitepopularamongstudents.4．（2023秋·重慶·高一西南大學(xué)附中?？计谀〢nyonewhocomesthroughourdoorswillbewelcomedwithloveandservice,________(base)ontheirneedandourcapacitytoprovide.5．（2022春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱市第三十二中學(xué)校校考期末）________(surround)byariver,theparkhadacentralpondwithflowersfloatinginit.6．（2022春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高一哈爾濱市第三十二中學(xué)校?？计谀_______(frank)speaking,Idon’tagreewiththem.7．（2022春·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·高一雅禮中學(xué)?？计谀㎡nemightthinkFlemingdiscoveredpenicillin________accident,butactuallythisisfarfromthetruth．8．（2022春·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·高一統(tǒng)考期末）The________(embarrass)lookonherfaceshowedthatshehadn’texpectedmyarrival.9．（2022春·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·高一統(tǒng)考期末）________（locate）inthecentraldistrict,thehoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.10．（2022春·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Itistheirresponsibilityto_____(sure)thattheplansarecarriedout.三、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2020秋·天津·高一校聯(lián)考期末）_______tothehospital,thebadlyinjuredstudentwastreatedwithoutdelayandnowisoutofdanger.A．Havingrushed B．Rushing C．Torush D．Rushed2．（2022春·天津紅橋·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Thisdoesn’thappen______;ithappensbydesign.A．onceinawhile B．byaccident C．intheend D．moreorless3．（2022秋·天津·高一天津市寶坻區(qū)第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）Children’sover-dependenceoncellphoneshasbecomeoneofthetop________ofmodernparents.A．benefits B．concerns C．responses D．functions4．（2023春·天津·高一天津三中?？计谥校㎝r.Greenisawarm-heartedman,andheisalwayswillingto________otherswheneverheisneeded.A．makeout B．putout C．helpout D．lookout5．（2023春·天津·高一天津三中?？计谥校℡ourlearning________needstobeadjustedalittlesothatyouwillhavesometimeforyourownhobbies.A．embarrassment B．complexity C．concern D．strategy6．（2023秋·廣東廣州·高一鐵一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期末）Hewaslateagain,________madetheteacher________.A．who;annoying B．which;annoyed C．that;annoying D．that;annoyed7．（2022春·廣東深圳·高一統(tǒng)考期末）—Takeitasalesson!Remember“________”.—Iwon’tspeakthatmuchtounfamiliarpeopleanymore.A．Tickalltherightboxe