《大學(xué)英語》課件-微課地利人和

Geographicaladvantagesplustheunityofthepeople天時(shí)地利人和EnglishexpressionstherighttimeorrightweathergeographicaladvantagestheunityandsupportofpeopleTherightweather,geographicaladvantages,andtheunityandsupportofpeopleallmustbeinplace.Ifnot,victorywillbecostly.---SunBin’sArtofWarSource1AmilitaristintheWarringStatesPeriodThesayingmeansavictoryneedsthreeimportantfactors:therightweather,geographicaladvantagesandtheunityandsupportofpeople,allofwhichareindispensable.therightweathergeographicaladvantagestheunityandsupportofpeopleTherightweatherisnotasimportantasgeographicaladvantages,butgeographicaladvantagesarenotasimportantastheunityandsupportofpeople.----MenciusSource2

AChineseConfucianPhilosopherintheWarringStatesPeriod

有一回有人問孟子：“先生以為怎樣做才算是圣主明君呢？”孟子說：“我認(rèn)為圣主明君是用仁政來治理天下的，這樣順從、支持他的人就多，反對(duì)他的人就少。OnceMenciuswasasked,“Howcanonebeawisekinginyouropinion?”Heanswered,“Inmyopinion,awisekingshouldrulethecountrybenevolently.Asaresult,morepeoplewillsupporthimandfewopposehim.Story：Geographicaladvantagesplustheunityofthepeople我的意思是說天時(shí)不如地利，地利不如人和。Imeanthatafavorableclimateisn’tasimportantasgeographicaladvantages,butgeographicaladvantagesaren’tasimportantastheunityandsupportofthepeople.舉個(gè)例子說吧，比如有座小城，敵人多次進(jìn)攻失敗后是一定會(huì)利用適合作戰(zhàn)的陰晴、寒暑、風(fēng)雨等有利天時(shí)的，但他們不能獲勝。因?yàn)檫@座小城占有地形上的優(yōu)勢(shì)，城高池深，這種地利超過了敵方的天時(shí)。Takeasmallcityforexample.Afterseveralfailuresincapturingthecity,theenemywouldsurelytakeadvantageofclimaticconditionsascoldandheat,andwindandrain.However,theireffortswouldstillendinvainifthehighwallsanddeepmoatofthesmallcityoutweighedtheadvantageofthefavorableclimateconditionsusedbytheenemy.

Ifthesamecityhadhigh,firmwalls,sharpweaponsandwaswell-supplied,thesoldiersonguardmightstillfleeinterrorwhentheenemycameiftheywerenotunifiedinpurpose.Whyisitso?Thisisdefinitelybecausegeographicaladvantagesaren’tasimportantastheunityofthepeople.“同樣的一座城，城墻很牢固，兵力也強(qiáng)，兵器也銳利，糧食充足，可是當(dāng)敵人來了，城內(nèi)守兵仍有可能棄城逃跑，這又是什么原因呢？這說明地利不如人和呀!這就證明了我的主張：靠疆界是無法限制百姓的；守衛(wèi)家園依靠山川險(xiǎn)阻也是靠不住的；同樣，仰仗武力也是不能長(zhǎng)久地威行天下的。如果你不施行仁政，人們就離你遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的，會(huì)搞得眾叛親離，那么你不是注定要垮臺(tái)嗎？”Thesetwoexamplesfullysupportmyviewpointthatpeoplecannotbeconfinedbytheboundariesandthatacountrycannotbesafeguardedbyitsgeographicaladvantages.Resortingtoforceisnotalong-termpolicytomanageacountry.Withouttheadoptionofabenevolentpolicy,arulerwillbedoomedtolosepowerbecausepeoplewillnolongeroffertheirsupport.”Thesayingisusedtoshowthatifyouwanttoaccomplishsomething,themostimportantthingistheunityandsupportofpeople.People-orientedThelessonfromthestoryTherepresentativesofPeople-orientedAncienttimesGuanZhong(theSpringandAutumnPeriod):Heisthefirstpersonwhoputtheideaofpeople-orientedConfucius(theSpringandAutumnPeriod):Histheoryof“benevolence”embodiespeople-orientedMencius(theWarringStatesPeriod):HeemphasizedthatthepeoplearemoreimportantthanthemonarchModerntimesMaoZedong：Heputforwardthefundamentalpurpose“ServingthePeople”andtheideao