Unit1單元基礎(chǔ)知識和語法知識梳理及練習(xí)+2024-2025學(xué)年人教版八年級英語下冊

人教版8年級下冊1單元基礎(chǔ)知識和語法知識梳理及練習(xí)一、詞形變化1.stomach(n.）胃；腹部—（復(fù)數(shù)）—（n.）胃痛；腹痛2.foot(n.）腳；足—(復(fù)數(shù)）3.lie(v.)躺；平躺—(過去式)—(現(xiàn)在分詞）4.hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受傷—(過去式)一(過去分詞)5.trouble(n.)問題；苦惱—(同義詞)6.hit（v.）（用手或器具）擊；打—（過去式)—(過去分詞)7.she（pron.）她（主格)—(pron.）她的（賓格/形容詞性物主代詞）—（pron.）她的(名詞性物主代詞)—(pron.)她自己（she的反身代詞）8.important(adj.)重要的—（n.）重要性9.knife(n.)小刀—（n.復(fù)數(shù)）10.we(pron.)我們—(pron.）我們的（賓格/形容詞性物主代詞）—（pron.）我們的(名詞性物主代詞)—(pron.)我們自己（we的反身代詞）11.mean(v.)意思是，打算—（過去式）（過去分詞）12.decide(v.)決定—（n.）決定13.climb（v.）—（n.）登山者二.短語梳理1.胃痛2.躺下3.量體溫4.發(fā)燒5.休息6.下車7.出乎......意料8.立即，馬上9.陷入，參與10.習(xí)慣于做......11.冒險(xiǎn)12.用盡，耗盡13.切除14.離開；從......出來15.掌管，管理16.....的重要性三、語法梳理一、反身代詞的含義：表示某人自己的代詞叫做反身代詞。它表示一個(gè)動作回到該動作的執(zhí)行者本身，或者強(qiáng)調(diào)自己。它有人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、反身代詞的形式。英語中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves三、反身代詞的用法。1.可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。Mariaboughtherselfascarf.瑪麗亞給自己買了一條圍巾。Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.我們必須好好照顧自己。2.可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。3.可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.明天她自己將要坐飛機(jī)去倫敦。Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.我上周見到了那位作家本人。4.用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。takecareofoneself照顧自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自學(xué)enjoyoneself玩得高興，過得愉快helponeselftosth請自用…（隨便吃/喝些…）.buyoneselfsth.給自己買…東西注意：反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。例：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework..(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.1.should做助動詞：（1）shall的過去式，用于過去將來時(shí)（2）表示“將要”，用于第一人稱I/we2.sholud做情態(tài)動詞：（1）表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，沒有人稱和數(shù)的改變，后加動詞原型（相當(dāng)于oughtto）（2）表示委婉地提出意見和建議。Youshouldbrushyourteethbeforeyougotobed.（3）表示義務(wù)，責(zé)任。Weshouldstudyhard.四、鞏固練習(xí)（一）、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Weshouldnotkeepworriesto________.It’sbesttotalktoparentsorfriends.A．MyselfB．YourselfC．OurselvesD．herself2．—I’llhaveasoccergametomorrow.I’malittlenervous.—Believein________.You’rethebestinyourclub.A．HerselfB．HimselfC．YourselfD．ourselves3．Ithinkweshouldprotect________wellinthisepidemic(疫情)situation.A．OursB．OurC．OurselvesD．we4．—Wheredidyougetthispostcard?—Imadeitby________.A．HerselfB．itself C．MyselfD．himself5．Tom,weneedapictureof________forourclasspicture.A．YouB．YourC．YourselfD．yourselves6．—Jack,youswimverywell.Whotaughtyou?—Nobody.Itaught________.A．IB．MeC．MyselfD．mine7．Ididn’tbuyanythingfor_______whenIwasonvacation.A．MeB．MyC．MyselfD．mine8．Don’tplaywiththeknivesoverthere,kids,oryoumayhurt________.A．YourselfB．YourselvesC．ThemselvesD．ourselves9．—Sue,you’regoodatswimming.Whotaughtyoutoswim?

—Noone.Ilearneditby________.A．YourselfB．MyselfC．HerselfD．himself10．Mom,Iamnowamiddleschoolstudent,soIcanlookafter________.A．MeB．IC．my D．myself11．NobodyteachesMaryEnglish.Sheteaches________.A．HerB．herself C．SheD．him12．—WhotaughtyouEnglish?—Itaught________.A．MeB．mine C．MyD．myself13．Asthefoodfestivaliscoming,thestudentsarepreparingeverythingby________.A．ThemselvesB．ourselves C．yourselves14．—Thisisyourfirsttimetobefarawayfromhome.—Don’tworry,Mum.Icantakecareof________.A．MyselfB．MeC．MyD．mine15．Howwonderful!Didthegirlmakethemodelcarallby________?A．SheB．her C．HerselfD．hers16．Tomysurprise,thebrotherwrotethesongallby________.A．MyselfB．HerselfC．himself17．TimandIwon’tbeabletodothewholejobby________,soweneedyourhelp.A．HimselfB．MyselfC．OurselvesD．themselves18．—AllofyouspeaksuchgoodEnglish.Whotaughtyou?—Nobody.Welearneditby_________.A．WeB．UsC．OursD．ourselves19．Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallby________!A．MeB．my C．MineD．myself20．Boysandgirls,help________tosomefruit.A．themselves B．YourselvesC．herself D．himself（二）、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空-Look!whois______(lie)underthetree?-Oh,that’sTom.-Whatdogiraffeslooklike?-Theyhavealongneckandfour_____(foot)-IwassocarelessthatIcut_______(I)justnow.-Youhavetoobecarefulnexttime.It'sgoingtorain.Takeanumbrella_____you.Thelittleboyfelloffthebikeand_____(hurt)hisarm.-Mystomachachesallday.-You'dbetterseeadentistandget____X-ray.Eatingtoomuchsugarisbadforour________(tooth).Ididn'tsayanythingaboutthisbecauseIdidn'twanttoget___trouble.Isawher_____(water)flowersinthegardenwhenIpassedby.Thecatjumped________thetablefromthefloorjustnow.Tomhasabadcoldand____(cough).Itwaseasyenoughforme_____(solve)thismathproblem.-I'mhungrynowbecauseIcametoschool______breakfast.To_____(we)surprise,Jimscoredagoalinthelasttwominutes.Couldyouhelpmeputsome_____(medicine)onthecut?Whathappened?Sheasked_____surprise.Mikeonlythinks_____himselfsowedon'tlikehim.Allthe__(passenger)onthebuslikedthedriverbecausehewasfriendly.Tomtoldustherightanswerwithout______(think).She___(hit)himontheheadwithherumbrellathismorning.Myparentsagreed_____(take)metothepark.I'mafraidIcan'tagree____you.Thanks_____thekind-heartedlady,thehomelessboyhasanewfamily.Thankyou______goingwithmetoseethemovie.Ihavetobe_____soon,becausethefilmwillbeonintenminutes.Paulgot______(lose)whenhecametothenewtown.Doesheneed______(arrive)thereatseven?-Whathappened?-Someonegothit___thehead.Atlasttheyunderstoodthe________(important)oflifebuttheyaren'tafraidof______(die)。Helostalotof_______(blood)intheaccident.ThemovieNeZhais__aneducationalmoviethatIwanttoseeitagain.Ginausedtoliveinthecountrysidewithherparents,butnowsheisusedto______(live)withherclassmatesatschool.Theyhaven'tmadea____(decide)wheretospendtheirfreetime.Allthedoctorsdidn'tgiveup____(save)theyoungman.Atpresent,therearemanyonlinecoursesandwecanchoosetostudyby______(we).Thesemenclimbmountains.Theyaremountain____(climb).OnNewYear'sEve,PresentXisaid,"Workinghardmeans______(have)happiness."Wehavethree____(knife),wecanusethemtocutthings.Heisinterested_____swimmingandswimseveryday.Theydecide_____(go)shoppingafterschool.（三）語法填空BusDriverandPassengersSaveanOldManAt9:00a.m.yesterday,busNo.26wasgoingalongZhonghuaRoadwhenthedriversawanoldman______(lie)onthesideoftheroad.Awomannexttohimwasshoutingforhelp.Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing,stoppedthebus_____(with)thinking_____(two).He_____(get)offandaskedthewomanwhathappened.Shesaidthattheman_____(have)aheartproblemandshouldgotothehospital.Mr.Wangknewhehadtoact_____(quick).He_____(tell)thepassengersthathemusttakethemantothehospital.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.Butto_____(he)surprise,theyallagreed_____(go)withhim.SomepassengershelpedMr.Wangtohelpthemanontothebus._____(thank)toMr.Wangandthepassengers,thedoctorssavedthemanintime.“It’ssaidthatmanypeople____(do)wanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twant_____(some)trouble,”saysonepassenger.“Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabout_____(he).Heonly_____(think)about_____(save)alife.根據(jù)2b閱讀內(nèi)容填空HeLostHisArmButIsStillClimbingAronRalstonisanAmericanman________isinterestedinmountain________(climb).Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedto______________(冒險(xiǎn)).Thisisoneoftheexcitingthingsaboutdoingdangeroussports.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.__________April26,2003,hefound_______(he)inaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.Onthatday,Aron’sarm________(catch)undera360-Kilorockthatfellonhimwhenhewasclimbingbyhimselfinthemountains.Becausehecouldnotf________hisarm,hestayedthere_______fivedaysandhopedthatsomeonewouldfi