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備戰(zhàn)2022年浙江新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫06形容詞(副詞)與語法填空重點(diǎn)考法一形容詞與副詞的基本用法1.形容詞和副詞的句法功能詞性功能例句形容詞在句中做定語、表語、補(bǔ)語和狀語(說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)和特征等)Optimistic,sheisthesortofladytospreadsunshinetopeoplethroughhersmile.樂觀的她是那種通過微笑把陽光傳遞給他人的女士。副詞在句中做狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和句子等,方位副詞可做后置定語、表語或補(bǔ)語Icould'tfindmywayout,soIstayedthereallalong.我找不到出去的路,因此我一直待在那里。2.兼有兩種形式的副詞其中一種形式與形容詞相同,另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴-ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。close接近(指距離)—closely仔細(xì)地,密切地free免費(fèi)—freely自由地,自如地deep深—deeply深刻地,深入地hard努力地—hardly幾乎不wide寬闊地—widely廣泛地high高—highly高度地late晚,遲—lately近來near鄰近—nearly幾乎most最—mostly主要地;絕大多數(shù)地pretty相當(dāng)?shù)亍猵rettily優(yōu)美地[提示]下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞而非副詞:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。3.常用的連接性副詞(完形中???though一般用于句末,意為“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折。meanwhile意為“在此期間”,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。therefore/thus/consequently意為“因此,所以”,表示結(jié)果。moreover/furthermore/additionally意為“此外”,表承接關(guān)系。besides意為“另外,還有”,表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。however意為“然而”,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折,常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開。instead意為“相反”,表示相反的情況。anyway/anyhow意為“盡管,即使這樣”,表示讓步。重點(diǎn)考法二比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法高考對(duì)形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的考查主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面:一是通過標(biāo)志詞than或表比較意義的語境推出用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí);二是考查一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法。1.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則形式①單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)后加-er、-est構(gòu)成,如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表:特殊情況構(gòu)成方法例詞以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變-y為i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫詞尾,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)前加more、most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily(2)不規(guī)則形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.等級(jí)用法的固定句型(1)同級(jí)比較:as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as,其否定形式是“notas/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”。(2)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu):形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than;more/less+多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+than。常見的修飾比較級(jí)的詞有any、much、even、far、byfar、alot、agreatdeal等?!hebookisfarmoreinterestingthanthebooksIhaveeverread.這本書比我以前讀的書有趣多了。(3)最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu):the+形容詞的最高級(jí)(+名詞)+比較范圍(in/of/among短語);oneofthe+形容詞的最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。常用來修飾最高級(jí)的詞有byfar、almost以及序數(shù)詞等?!aymond'sparentswantedhimtohavethebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想讓他接受最好的教育。3.比較級(jí)的常用句型(1)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”或“moreandmore+原級(jí)”表示“越來越……”?!olidayflightticketsaregettinglessandlessexpensive.假期的機(jī)票越來越便宜了。(2)“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”,表示“越……,越……”?!hemoreyoulistenandread,thebetteryouwriteandspeak.你聽得越多、讀得越多,你的寫作和口語就越好。(3)“the+比較級(jí)+of(the)+名詞/代詞”,表示“(兩者中)較……的”。·Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.這兩個(gè)照相機(jī),我喜歡較小的一個(gè),它容易攜帶。4.比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義(1)“否定詞語+比較級(jí)”或“否定詞語+such/so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義?!ourstoryisperfect;I'veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了,我從來沒有聽過比這更好聽的故事。(2)比較級(jí)在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級(jí)含義:①比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞;②比較級(jí)+than+alltheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞;③比較級(jí)+than+anyoftheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞?!heYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。5.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)句型主要有:(1)Ais+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B(2)Ais+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B(3)Ais+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size、length、height等)+of+B(4)the+名詞(size、length、height等)+ofA+is+倍數(shù)+that+of+B(5)Ais+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句·Smokingisharmfultopeople'shealth,killingseventimesmorepeopleeachyearthantrafficaccidents.吸煙有害健康,每年因抽煙而喪命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍?!镜淅纠?.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare________(high)thantheyactuallyare.答案與解析higher根據(jù)設(shè)空后的比較級(jí)提示詞than可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級(jí),故填higher。2.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuch________(well)afterseeingadoctor.答案與解析better設(shè)空前是比較級(jí)修飾語much,故用well(健康;身體好)的比較級(jí)形式,填better。3.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.答案與解析loudest根據(jù)語境“他尖叫的聲音最大”,結(jié)合設(shè)空前的定冠詞the和設(shè)空后的表示范圍的介詞短語ofall可知,該空應(yīng)用最高級(jí),故填loudest。4.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.答案與解析worse句意:更糟糕的是,人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。設(shè)空前是比較級(jí)修飾語Even,故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填比較級(jí)。注意bad/badly的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是worse,worst。類似用法還有:what's_worse/worse_still/even_worse_“更糟糕的是”。5.語法填空(2020·豪州聯(lián)考)Amaterialcanbereallyspecialwhenitwasnamedaftertheplacewhereiteq\a\vs4\al(1)(create)originally.That'scertainlythecasewith“china”.Andeq\a\vs4\al(2)alltypesofchina,whiteporcelain(瓷)isamongthemostfamous.Nowadays,theeq\a\vs4\al(3)(tradition)materialhastakenonamodernlookintheeq\a\vs4\al(4)(hand)offourChineseartistsintheModernWhitePorcelainExhibition.Andthekeywordhereis“modern”.Oneoftheworkseq\a\vs4\al(5)(be)aporcelainboat.Butlookeq\a\vs4\al(6)(attentive)andyouwillseethattheboateq\a\vs4\al(7)(build)withporcelainlookslikeatakeoutbox.Insidetheboatisastatueofababy.Thebabystandsforhumansandtheboatiseq\a\vs4\al(8)supportslife.Itsuggestswemayhavedonesomedamagetoeq\a\vs4\al(9)environmentandthatwe'retreatinglifelikefastfood.Allthefourartistsgavewhiteporcelainamodelstyle,eachineq\a\vs4\al(10)(they)ownway.Andthisiswhattheexhibition'sthemecomesfrom.It'sadialoguebetweenthepastandthepresent.答案與解析1.wascreated考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。when引導(dǎo)的從句是一般過去時(shí),故where引導(dǎo)的定語從句用一般過去時(shí);主語it與create是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),填wascreated。2.of考查介詞。此處指“在瓷器的所有類型之中”,應(yīng)用介詞of。3.traditional考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空在句中做定語,修飾material,表“傳統(tǒng)的”,填traditional。4.hands考查名詞的數(shù)。設(shè)空后是fourChineseartists,故hand應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5.is考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語是Oneoftheworks,故謂語用單數(shù)形式,填is。6.a(chǎn)ttentively考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空在句中做狀語,修飾look,應(yīng)用副詞,填attentively。7.built考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。build與boat是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語,填built。8.what考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“eq\a\vs4\al(8)supportslife”是表語從句,從句中缺少主語,表“什么”,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)表語eq\a\vs4\al(從句)。9.the考查冠詞。指環(huán)境,應(yīng)用theenvironment,故填定冠詞the。10.their考查代詞。設(shè)空在句中修飾名詞way,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞,填their?!究挤ㄎⅫc(diǎn)】1.設(shè)空后含有than結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),用比較級(jí)。2.設(shè)空前有用來修飾比較級(jí)的詞語much、far、even、rather、any、alittle、abit、agreatdeal及倍數(shù)等時(shí),用比較級(jí)。3.表“越……,就越……”用“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”。4.句中雖沒有than,但暗含比較級(jí),也用比較級(jí)。5.設(shè)空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞“in+范圍”“of+范圍”“among+范圍”等時(shí),用最高級(jí)。6.設(shè)空前有(oneof+)the、the+序數(shù)詞、byfarthe等修飾詞時(shí),用最高級(jí)。【拓展運(yùn)用】1閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therearemomentsinlife1.youmisssomepeoplesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Whenthedoorofhappinesscloses,2.opens,butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedon'tseetheonewhich3.(close)forus.Don'tgoforlooks;theycandeceive(欺騙).Don'tgoforwealth;eventhatfadesaway.Goforsomeone4.makesyousmilebecauseittakesonlyasmiletomakeadarkdayseembright.Dreamwhatyouwant5.(dream);gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe.The6.(happy)peopledon't7.(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat8.(come)alongtheirway.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedona9.(forget)past.Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryone10.youwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscrying.【答案】1.when2.another3.hasbeenclosed4.who5.todream6.happiest7.necessarily8.comes9.forgotten10.around【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者在生活中的一些體會(huì):快樂的人不一定擁有最好的東西,他們只是珍惜人生中的一切,善于抓住生活中美好的一面,時(shí)刻對(duì)未來充滿期許。1.考查定語從句。句意:生命中很多時(shí)候你會(huì)特別想念一些人以至于你想把他們從夢(mèng)中拉出來,緊緊地?fù)肀麄?。在先行詞為時(shí)間名詞moments,從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語,故填when。2.考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)一扇幸福的們關(guān)閉時(shí),另一扇又打開時(shí)。another意為“另一,又一”,符合語境,故填another。3.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)一扇幸福的們關(guān)閉時(shí),另一扇又打開時(shí),但我們僅僅看到關(guān)著的門,而沒看那扇早就為我們開著的門。根據(jù)語境,從句中的謂語應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填hasbeenclosed。4.考查定語從句的先行詞。句意:尋找那些讓你微笑的人,因?yàn)閮H一個(gè)微笑就能讓黑暗的一天雨過天晴。先行詞someone是指人的不定代詞,定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞makes缺主語,故填who。5.考查動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。句意:做你想做的夢(mèng)吧.去你想去的地方吧.成為你想成為的人吧。動(dòng)詞want后面加動(dòng)詞不定式,故此處應(yīng)填todream。6.考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。句意:最快樂的人不需要擁有世界上最好的東西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此處要用最高級(jí),此處應(yīng)填happiest。7.考查副詞。句意:最快樂的人不需要擁有世界上最好的東西。動(dòng)詞have要用副詞來修飾,故填necessarily,意為“必要地”。8.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他們只是充分利用他們所擁有的東西。他們這里說的是客觀事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞everything,故該空填動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)comes。9.考查過去分詞。句意:忘掉過去你將迎來美好的未來。Forgotten是forget的過去分詞。名詞past意為“過去”,和forget之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故填過去分詞作定語,故填forgotten。10.考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)你出生時(shí),你在哭泣而你周邊的人在微笑。around意為“環(huán)繞,在周圍”,符合語境,故填around。2閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WhichisthemostsignificantclassicalChinesepainting?AccordingtoPaulDenlinger,who11.(come)toChinamanytimeswhenyoung,itshouldbeQingmingShangheTuorAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.This12.(create)datesbacktotheNorthernSongdynasty.Thispaintingisimportant13.severalreasons.First,upuntilthistime,almostallChinese14.(painting)werelandscapes,whichdidnotfeaturepeopleatallorhadonlyafewpeople.15.(two),thisisthefirstscroll(卷軸)paintingtodescribebothChineseurbanandsuburbanlifeduringtheperiodinthecapital,Bianjing(nowKaifeng,inHenanprovince).Third,thepaintingishighlydetailed,16.(feature)shopsofallkindsanddifferenteconomicactivitiesinandoutofthecity.PeopleareabletoseetheChinesetechnologiesofthetime,whichhelpsthem17.greatdealinunderstanding18.theChineselived.TheBeijingPalaceMuseumkeepsthe19.(origin)Songpaintingandoneofitsfamouscopies—theQingversion20.(hold)intheMNationalPalaceMuseum”inTaipei.【答案】11.came12.creation13.for14.paintings15.Second16.featuring17.a18.how19.original20.isheld【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了清明上河圖為什么是最重要的中國古典繪畫的原因。11.考查一般過去時(shí)。由“whenyoung”可知,定語從句為一般過去時(shí),所以謂語動(dòng)詞為came。故填came。12.考查名詞。分析句子可知,本句的主語為This___(create),所以this后接名詞creation做句子的主語。故填creation。13.考查介詞。for“因?yàn)椤睘榻樵~符合句意,后接名詞reasons作賓語。故填for。14.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。painting為可數(shù)名詞,且由all修飾,所以填名詞復(fù)數(shù)paintings。故填paintings。15.考查副詞。分析句子可知,本句在說明清明上河圖為什么重要的第二點(diǎn)原因,且由“First,Third”也可知,空處填Second。故填Second。16.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析句子可知,主語thepainting與feature在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填featuring。17.考查固定短語。agreatdeal“許多,大量”為固定短語。當(dāng)副詞表程度,修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。故填a。18.考查連接副詞。分析句子可知,understanding后接賓語從句,賓語從句缺少表示方式的連接副詞how。故填how。19.考查形容詞。original為形容詞修飾名詞Songpainting。故填original。20.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。分析句子可知,and并列連接兩個(gè)句子,由“theBeijingPalaceMuseumkeeps”可知,and之后的句子為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語oneofitsfamouscopies—theQingversion與謂語hold為被動(dòng),所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填isheld。3閱讀下列材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)內(nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。IfeltbutterfliesinmystomachwhenIstartedcalligraphyclasstenyearsago.IwonderedwhatIwasdoingthere.Atthatmoment,Icouldn'thaveknownthatI'djustmadeoneofthebest21.(choose)ofmylife.Isatdownandlistenedtotheteacherintroducingthetoolsofthecraft.Then22.wasthefirsttimeformethatIhadtriedmyhand.Itookupthebrush,usingthecorrectgesture,23.(dip)itintheink,andcarefullywrote"one"24.Chinese.Over25.pastfiveyears,Ihavelearnedtomakeversionsofwell-knownpoems.Calligraphyseemedlikeabridge,26.connectedmetoauthorsfromcenturiespast.Stroke(筆畫)bystroke,wordbyword,Icouldfeeltheiremotions,cherishedmyownpeaceandlearned27.(appreciate)mydailylife.Now,calligraphyisnotjustahobby,28.awaytoremovemyselffromtheworriesoflife.Rollingoutthepaper,Icanwriteforawholeday.Calligraphy29.(able)metobalancemybusyscheduleandlive30.(peace).【答案】21.choices22.it23.dipped24.in25.the26.which27.toappreciate28.but29.enables30.peacefully【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者從初上書法課的迷茫,到書法課成為自己身邊必不可少的一部分的心理歷程。21.考查名詞的數(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,oneofthebest后加名詞復(fù)數(shù),表示“最好的……之一”,故填choices。22.考查固定句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,itis/wasthe+序數(shù)詞+timethat是固定句型,意為“這是第幾次……”,故填it。23.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我拿起畫筆,用正確的手勢(shì)蘸了蘸墨水,小心翼翼地用中文寫著“一”。結(jié)合句意可知,句中的三個(gè)動(dòng)作takeup,dip,write是連貫的、并列的,故時(shí)態(tài)一致,故填dipped。24.考查介詞。句意:小心翼翼地用中文寫著“一”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填介詞,表示“用……門語言”用介詞in,故填in。25.考查冠詞。句意:在過去的五年里,我學(xué)會(huì)了翻譯一些著名的詩歌。overthepastfiveyears意為“在過去的五年里”,表示特指,故填the。26.考查定語從句連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填關(guān)系代詞,在從句中作主語,先行詞是abridge,故填which。27.考查動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我可以感受到他們的情緒,珍惜自己的平靜,學(xué)會(huì)欣賞我的日常生活。learntodosth.意為“學(xué)做……”,故填toappreciate。28.考查并列連詞。句意:現(xiàn)在,書法不僅僅是一種愛好,而是一種讓自己擺脫生活煩惱的方式。根據(jù)句意可知,not…but…意為“不是……而是……”,故填but。29.考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)合語境,此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且主語是calligraphy,故填enables。30.考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處填副詞,修飾動(dòng)詞live,故填peacefully。4Redenvelopeshaveplayed31.importantpartinChineseNewYearforaslongasanyonecanremember.Sowhat’sthestorybehindtheredenvelopesduringChineseNewYear?Onepopularstory32.(date)backtotheQinDynasty,whentheelderlywouldthreadcoinsontoaredstring.Thismoney33.(call)yasuiqianinChinese,meaning“moneyprotectingoneselffromevilspirits”,andwasbelievedtoprotectelderpeoplefromsicknessand34.(die).Astheprintingpressbecamemorecommon,theyasuiqianwasreplaced35.redenvelopes.Anotherlegendtellsofavillage36.ademon(惡魔)wouldterrorizechildrenatnight.Itwasbelievedthatthedemonwouldtouchthechildren’sheadswhiletheywereasleep,37.(cause)seriousillness.Fromthere,atheoryemergedthatwhentheyprayed,thegodwouldsendeightfairiestoprotectthechild.Thefairieswoulddisguise(偽裝)38.(they)aseightcoinsandhideunderthechild’spillow.Whenthedemongotclose,thecoinswouldbegintoshinevery39.(bright),blindingthedemon.Wordbegantospreadandthevillagersstartedgivingredenvelopes40.(fill)withcoinstoeachothertoputundertheirpillowsatnight.Astimepassed,redenvelopesbecameawaytobringgoodluckandprosperitytothereceiver.【答案】31.an32.dates33.wascalled34.death35.with36.where37.causing38.themselves39.brightly40.filled【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了紅包的來歷。31.考查冠詞。part是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,且important的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,playanimportantpartin...意為“在……中發(fā)揮重要作用”。故填an。32.考查時(shí)態(tài)。datebackto意為“始于(某時(shí)期),追溯到……年代”,根據(jù)上下文可知,該短語常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填dates。33.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)下文中的“andwasbelievedoprotectelderpeople”可知,空處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);Thismoney和call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填wascalled。34.考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的名詞sickness和and可知,death與名詞sickness是并列的關(guān)系,應(yīng)填名詞形式。故填death。35.考查介詞。此處為“replaceAwithB”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式,意為“用B替換A”。故填with。36.考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞avillage,它是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,且定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,所以要且關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)該從句,故填where。37.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:人們相信惡魔會(huì)在孩子們睡著的時(shí)候摸他們的頭,結(jié)果引起嚴(yán)重的疾病。根椐語境可知,此處是表示順理成章的結(jié)果,應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語。故填causing。38.考查代詞。此處指仙女們把自己偽裝成八個(gè)硬幣。當(dāng)主語和賓語是同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),賓語要用其反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves。39.考查副詞。根據(jù)空前的動(dòng)詞shine和very可知,此處應(yīng)用副詞brightly修飾動(dòng)詞shine。故填brightly。40.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。redenvelopes與fill之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,意思是“被裝滿了硬幣的信封”,所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ed形式作后置定語。故填filled。5閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)單詞的正確形式。TheWanderingEarthisaChinesesciencefictionmovie,41.isbasedonthenovelof42.samenamebyLiuCixin,andwasreleasedonFebruary5,2019,theChineseNewYear’sDay.Afterlearningthesunisdyingout,peopleallaroundtheworldfeel43.(frighten),sotheybuildgiantplanetthrusters(星球推進(jìn)器)44.(move)theearthoutofitsorbitandsail45.toanewstarsystem.The2500years’journeycomeswithunexpecteddangers,butinordertosavehumanity,agroupofyoungpeoplecomeoutbravelyandfighthardforeveryone’s46.(survive).We47.(impress)toseethethemeofthisfilm.Itdoesn’tparticularlyshowsomebody’sabilitytosaveourworld48.showsallthehumanbeingsareworkingtogether,49.(spare)noefforttosavethisworld.TheWanderingEarthisseenbypeopleasthedawn(開端)ofChinesesciencefictionmovies.ItmeansthatChina’ssci-fimovieshave50.(official)setsail.【答案】41.which42.the43.frightened44.tomove45.it46.survival47.areimpressed48.but49.sparing50.officially【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了《流浪地球》這部電影的主要內(nèi)容和意義。41.考查非限制性定語從句。____isbasedonthenovelof____samenamebyLiuCixin是非限制性定語從句,修飾aChinesesciencefictionmovie,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,指物,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)該從句,故填which。42.考查冠詞。句意:《流浪地球》是一部中國科幻電影,改編自劉慈欣的同名小說。same常和定冠詞the連用,故填the。43.考查形容詞。句意:在得知太陽正在消失后,世界各地的人們都感到很害怕。feel是系動(dòng)詞,后面接形容詞作表語。表示“(人)害怕的”,應(yīng)用frightened。故填frightened。44.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:所以他們建造了巨大的行星推進(jìn)器,把地球從軌道上移開,把它帶到一個(gè)新的恒星系統(tǒng)。_____(move)theearthoutofitsorbitandsail_____toanewstarsystem.是“人們建造行星推進(jìn)器”的目的,表目的,用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填tomove。45.考查代詞。句意:所以他們建造了巨大的行星推進(jìn)器,把地球從軌道上移開,把它帶到一個(gè)新的恒星系統(tǒng)。該空作sail的賓語,指代theearth,應(yīng)用it。故填it。46.考查名詞。everyone’s_____(survive)作介詞for的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞。且空前有everyone’s(所有人的)修飾。故填survival。47.考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。該空作謂語。impress意為“給……留下印象”,主語we和impress之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,該句用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。且根據(jù)上下文,該句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故填areimpressed。48.考查固定搭配。句意:它并沒有特別顯示某個(gè)人拯救世界的能力,而是顯示了所有人都在一起努力,不遺余力地挽救這個(gè)世界。not…but…表示“不是……而是……”,是固定搭配。故填but。49.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。_____(spare)noefforttosavethisworld是狀語,主語allthehumanbeings和sparenoefforts之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填sparing。50.考查副詞。句意:《流浪地球》被人們視為中國科幻電影的開山之作。這意味著中國的科幻電影已經(jīng)正式啟航。該空修飾動(dòng)詞短語setsail,應(yīng)用副詞。故填officially。6閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.Fido,alittledog,wasveryanxioustogetthefavoronhismaster.Hetookcare,however,neithertobetroublesome,51.wouldhefollowhimintothelivingroomunlesshewasasked.Healsotriedtomake52.(he)usefultohiskindmaster.Hewoulddriveawaystrangepigsandotheranimals53.cameintotheyard.Oncewhenhismasterwassick,Fido54.(lie)attheroomdooranddidnotleave,eventogethisfood.Whenhismasterwaswellenough,Fido55.(admit)intotheroom,andshowedsomanysignsofjoythathismasterwasmorefond56.himthanever.Fidoevenhadachanceof57.(save)hismaster'slife.HismasterwassleepinginasummerhousewithFidoathisside.Suddenly58.dogsawthewallshake,anddirtfallfromtheceiling.Fidoknewthattherewasdanger,andbeganbarking59.(awake)hismaster.Asthisdidnotsucceed,hejumpedup,and60.(gentle)bithisfinger.Hismasterhadjusttimetogetoutofthedoorwhenthewholebuildingfell.Fidowashurtbysomeoftherubbish.Andhismasterhadhimkindlytakencareoftillhegotwell.【答案】51.nor52.himself53.which/that54.lay55.wasadmitted56.of57.saving58.the59.toawake60.gently【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了一條名叫Fido的狗,經(jīng)過努力,贏得主人喜愛的故事。51.考查固定搭配。句意:但是,他很小心,既不惹麻煩,也不會(huì)進(jìn)入主人的房間—除非主人允許。該題考查neither…nor…固定搭配,意為“既不……也不……”。故填nor。52.考查反身代詞。句意:他努力使自己對(duì)主人來說有用。該空作make的賓語,且指主語本身,故應(yīng)用反身代詞。故填himself。53.考查定語從句。句意:他會(huì)趕走來到院子里的奇怪的豬和其他動(dòng)物?!癬_______cameintotheyard”是定語從句,修飾strangepigsandotheranimals,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語,指物,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which/that。54.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:有一次,他的主人生病了,F(xiàn)ido躺在房門前,甚至不出去覓食。該空作謂語,且根據(jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語可知,該空敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的情況,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填lay。55.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:Fido被允許進(jìn)入房間。該空在句中作謂語,主語Fido和admit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且根據(jù)該句時(shí)間狀語,該句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填wasadmitted。56.考查介詞。句意:他的主人比以前更加喜歡他。該題考查befondof(喜歡)這個(gè)固定搭配。故填of。57.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:Fido甚至有機(jī)會(huì)挽救主人的生命。該空作介詞of的賓語,應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故填saving。58.考查冠詞。句意:突然,這條狗看見墻在晃動(dòng)。該處特指上文提到的Fido,表特指,用定冠詞the。故填the。59.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他開始狂吠,想要喚醒主人?!癬______(awake)hismaster”是目的狀語,表目的,用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填toawake。60.考查副詞。句意:他跳起來,輕輕地咬他的手指。該空修飾bit,修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞,故填gently。7SwimmingwaytosuccessWhatdoesittaketograduatefromauniversity?Many61.sayallyouhavetodoistakeclassesandpasstheexams.Well,itrequiresmorethanitifyou’reastudentatTsinghuaUniversity.StartingthisSeptember,freshmenattheuniversitywillhavetotakeswimmingcourses.Iftheyfailaswimmingtestatthebeginningoftheiruniversitycourse,theywon’treceivetheirdegree62.theycanpassthetestsuccessfully,accordingtoanannouncementbyTsinghuaUniversitypresidentQiuYong.Exceptions63.(allow)forstudentswithcertainphysicalormentalconditions,ifprovedbymedicalstaff.LiuBo,headoftheDivisionofSportsScienceandPhysicalEducation,explained64.theuniversityislinkingswimmingabilitywithdegrees.“Asarequisite(必要的)survivalskill,swimmingisbeneficialforstudentsinthelongrun,sinceswimmingishelpfulinimprovingstudents’enduranceandis65.(harmful)tojoints(關(guān)節(jié))andmusclesasawatersport,”hetoldChinaDaily.Viewingtheability66.(swim)asamustforstudentsisnotsomethingnewtothisuniversity-itwasalsoarequirementintheearly20thcentury.Itwaslaterdropped67.arisingnumberofstudentsandalackoffacilities.BesidesTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversityandXiamenUniversityhavealsolistedswimmingasacompulsorycourseforstudents.However,theannouncementhascausedaheateddebate.Somewelcomedthenewrule,sayingit’sanecessaryskillthatcansavelives.“Swimmingisafundamental(基本的)skill.It’sawaytostayhealthyandislifesavinginemergencysituations.Ibelievemaking68.mandatory(強(qiáng)制的)isnecessary,”YuanJiaxiang,ajuniorinTsinghua’sDepartmentofCivilEngineering,toldChinaDaily.However,somesaidithasnothingtodowithgettingadegree.“It’snotreasonabletorequirepeopletobeabletoswimforthemtograduate,”ZhengXiaoyu,ahighschoolstudentfromtheMiddleSchoolAffiliatedtoNorthernJiaotongUniversity,toldChinaDaily.“Foralotofpeoplewhogrewupininlandcities,learninghowtoswimasanadultwillbedifficult.”Infact,Chineseuniversitiesarenottheonlyeducationorganizations69.encouragetheirstudentstoswim.AfewcollegesintheUnitedStates-includingCornell,ColumbiaandMIT-offerswimclassestostudents.“Anything70.(prevent)peoplefromdyingneedlesslyisavaluableskill,”FredDeBruyn,directorofaquatics(水上運(yùn)動(dòng))atCornell,toldTheNewYorkTimes.【答案】61.may/might62.until63.willbeallowed64.why65.lessharmful66.toswim67.dueto/becauseof/owingto68.it69.that70.preventing【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹游泳成功之道。61.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:許多人可能會(huì)說,你所要做的就是上課并通過考試。此處指不是很確定,故填may/might。62.考查not---until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。句意:據(jù)清華大學(xué)校長邱勇宣布,如果他們?cè)诖髮W(xué)課程開始時(shí)的游泳考試中不及格,那么他們只有通過考試才能獲得學(xué)位。按照句義,他們將得不到他們的學(xué)位除非能成功通過考試,所以這里是not...until...“直到------才”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。故填until。63.考查一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:有一定身體或精神狀況的學(xué)生,經(jīng)醫(yī)務(wù)人員證明,可以例外。首先確定本句沒有謂語,應(yīng)該是謂語動(dòng)詞,然后是例外會(huì)被允許,最后確定if條件狀語從句中的主將從現(xiàn),所以用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填willbeallowed。64.考查賓語從句。句意:體育科學(xué)與教育部部長劉波解釋了為什么學(xué)校將游泳能力與學(xué)位聯(lián)系起來。解釋之后應(yīng)該是解釋為什么,所以是why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。故填why。65.考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:游泳作為一項(xiàng)必不可少的生存技能,從長遠(yuǎn)來看對(duì)學(xué)生是有益的,因?yàn)樽鳛橐豁?xiàng)水上運(yùn)動(dòng),游泳有助于提高學(xué)生的耐力,對(duì)關(guān)節(jié)和肌肉的傷害較小。這里在講游泳的好處,所以應(yīng)是harmful的降級(jí)比較級(jí)lessharmfultojointsandmusles,故填lessharmful。66.考查動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語。句意:將游泳能力視為學(xué)生必須具備的能力,這對(duì)這所大學(xué)來說并不新鮮——在20世紀(jì)初,這也是一種要求。固定搭配:theabilitytodosth,做某事的能力。故填toswim。67.考查固定短語。句意:后來,由于學(xué)生人數(shù)的增加和設(shè)施的缺乏,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目被取消了。這件事情后來被放下了,由于......原因,所以填dueto/becauseof/owingto。68.考查代詞it。句意:我認(rèn)為強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行是必要的。這里是it作making的賓語,把這件事變?yōu)閺?qiáng)制的是很必要的,it代指游泳。故填it。69.考查定語從句。句意:事實(shí)上,中國的大學(xué)并不是唯一鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生游泳的教育機(jī)構(gòu)。此處organizations是先行詞,指物,后面的定語從句缺主語和引導(dǎo)詞,理論上應(yīng)該用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句,但是前面有theonly修飾先行詞,所以只能填that。70.考查現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。句意:任何防止人們無謂死亡的方法都是一種寶貴的技能。句子中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞is,所以這里應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞,“任何阻止人們死亡的事情”是主動(dòng),所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填doing。8閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastOctoberIlefttheUKbehindandjoinedGillottsSchoolontheirrugbyandhockeytourinsunnyItaly.ItwasmyfirsttimeawayonasportstourandIcouldnothaveenjoyedit71.(much)!Fivedaysofsports,betweentrainingandmatcheswithItalianplayers,butalsoplenty72.timeforsightseeingandfreemomentstoenjoyanicecreaminthesun.73.ourflighthadlandedinMilan,wegotonourcoachanddroveforacoupleofhourstowardsourhomefortheweek,theHotelSanZeno,a74.(comfort),family-runaccommodation,withasplendidviewofLakeGarda.Startingthedaywithaself-ledtraining,enjoyingaboattouronthelake,wanderingalongthestreetsofSirmioneforafewhoursandheadingoff75.(play)asport—thesearejustafew76.(example)ofthekindofadventuresyoucouldbehaving!Thegirlsandboysonthistourseemedtoenjoy77.(they)thoroughly,especiallyafterwinningALLoftheirgames!Ifoundmyself78.(cheer)themonlikeaproudauntandcelebratingafterwardswithfood,drinkandsocialtime,hostedbyrugbyclubsaftermatches.Onthelastdayweheadedbackto79.airport,butnotbeforestoppinginMilan!We80.(pay)avisittotheSanSiromuseumandenjoyedastadiumtourbeforemovingontoMilancitycentreforanafternoonofshopping.【答案】71.more72.of73.After74.comfortable75.toplay76.examples77.themselves78.cheering79.the80.paid【解析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘事了上周作者去意大利進(jìn)行橄欖球和曲棍球巡回賽,并敘述了這段旅行期間所做,所看。71.考查副詞比較級(jí)。否定詞+比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí),意思是“再......也不為過”。所以空處填much的比較級(jí)more。故填more。72.考查介詞。plentyof“許多”為固定短語,即可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。故填of。73.考查連詞。分析句子可知,作者到了米蘭之后,又上了一輛長途大巴車。所以本句為after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。故填A(yù)fter。74.考查形容詞。comfortable為形容詞修飾名詞accommodation。故填comfortable。75.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。分析句子可知,本句為動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故填toplay。76.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。afew修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填examples。77.考查代詞。enjoyoneself“玩的很開心”為固定短語。故填themselves。78.考查現(xiàn)在分詞。findsbdoingsth“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”,其中現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。本句中的myself與cheer在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填cheering。79.考查冠詞。airport為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示特指,所以用定冠詞the來修飾。故填the。80.考查一般過去時(shí)。and并列連接謂語動(dòng)詞enjoyed和paid。故填paid。9閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thefirstblockbuster(大片)ofChinasetinspace,“TheWanderingEarth,”opensTuesdayduringgrandexpectations81.itwillrepresentthedawningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking.“TheWanderingEarth,”82.(show)in3-D,takesplaceinadistantfutureinwhichthesunisabouttoexpandintoaredgiantanddevour(吞噬)theEarth.It83.(adapt)fromworksbyLiuCixin,thewriter84.hasledarenaissanceinsciencefictionhere,85.(become)thefirstChinesewinneroftheHugoAwardin2015.Hisnovelsaresplendidand86.(deep)researched.Thatmakes87.(they)reasonablefantasiesabouthumanity’smeetingwithadangerousuniverse.TheopeningsalsocomeasChinareachedamilestoneinspace:thelandingofaprobeon88.farsideofthemooninJanuary.AlthoughdecadesbehindRussiaandtheUnitedStates,Chinahasnowputastronauts89.orbitandhasambitiousplanstojoin—orevenlead—anewageofspaceexploration.“Ithinkthereisaveryclose90.(connect)betweenChinesecinemaandthenation’sfortunes,”saidShaDan,acuratorattheChinaFilmArchive.【答案】81.that82.shown83.isadapted84.who/that85.becoming86.deeply87.them88.the89.in/into90.connection【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。報(bào)道了“流浪地球”這部大片的開幕式、故事背景以及這部影片的意義。81.考查同位語從句。句意:肩負(fù)著人們的厚望,中國第一部以太空為背景的大片《流浪地球》于周二上映。這部電影被認(rèn)為將代表中國電影制作新時(shí)代的曙光。這是一個(gè)同位語從句,expectations的內(nèi)容就是itwillrepresentthedawningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking,并且從句部分是一個(gè)陳述句,故填that。82.考查過去分詞作定語。句意:“流浪地球”是以3D形式播放的,故事發(fā)生在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來?!癟heWanderingEarth”與show之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式作定語。故填shown。83.考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:電影改編于劉慈欣的作品,這位作家在中

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