大學(xué)英語四級考試2022年9月真題(第一套)

大學(xué)英語四級考試2022年9月真題(第一套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisselectingsomestudentstoteachkidsinremoteruralareasduringthecomingvacation.Youarenowtowriteanapplicationlettertotheuniversitytoexplainwhyyouwanttotakepartandwhatyoucandoforthekids.Youwillhave30minutestowritetheletter.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheer1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itexaminestheeffectofcholesterolonpeople'shealth.B)Itsparticipantsallhadhighbloodcholesterollevels.C)Itquestionsthebenefitsofavegetarianproteindiet.D)Itsfindingcameasasurprisetotheresearchers.2.A)Theydonotknowalltheeffectsofeatingmeat.B)Redmeatitselfdoesnotcauseheartdiseases.C)Whitemeatmaybehealthierthanredmeat.D)Vegetarianproteinmaybeeasiertoabsorb.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itmayhavebeenduetothelorrydriver'sdrunkdriving.B)ItmayaffectthelocalsupplyofturkeysforChristmas.C)Itinterruptedtrafficforseveralhoursrunning,D)Itwascausedbyalorryrunningintoatrailer.4.A)Ithasbeenthesceneofseveralfatalaccidentsrecently.B)Itisthespotthatcausesthelocalpolicealotofworry.C)Ithaswitnessedseveraltrafficaccidentsthisyear.D)Itisalocationfrequentedbylocaltrafficpolice.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Getapprovaltoaddmoreroutes.C)Advertiseitthroughamobileapp.B)Attractmoreinternationaltourists.D)Makeitaffordabletocommonfolk.6.A)Itcostsmorethantwiceasmuchasacarride.B)ItisgainingpopularityamongordinaryIndians.C)ItsymbolizesIndia'sadvancementinhigh-tech.D)Itcangetanywhereinthecitywithin15minutes.7.A)Internationaltourists.C)Prominentsuperstars.B)High-classtravelers.D)Customersinahurry.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Treatherfriendsinabar.C)Makesomecheese.B)TakeatriptoWashington.D)Throwaparty.9.A)Spendnomorethan30dollars.C)Helphimpreparethebarbecue.B)Buydifferentkindsofcheese.D)Findoutdifferentpeople'stastes.10.A)Itisthebestkindofhardcheese.C)Itismoredeliciousthanhoney.B)ItisthemostpopularinSpain.D)Itisagoodchoiceforchildren.11.A)Buywhatthemanrecommended.C)Chooseoneofthetwotypesofcheese.B)Haveatasteofbothofthecheeses.D)Askthemantocutthecheeseintoslices.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Newteachersandstaffhavetoberecruited.B)Itmighttakesometimeforstudentstoadapt.C)Itinvolvesbuyinglotsoftabletsandsoftware.D)Thesoftwarehastobeconstantlyupgraded.13.A)Itcangreatlyimprovetheirlearningefficiency.B)Itcanhelpthemtointeractmorewithteachers.C)Itcansavetheirtroubleofcarryingprintedbooks.D)Itcandeveloptheirskillsinusingelectronicdevices.14.A)Theymayhavetroublecomprehendingtexts.B)Theymayencountertechnologicalproblems.CTheymaypaylessrespecttoteachers.D)Theymaygetdistractedmoreeasily.15.A)Itgeneratesagreatdealofelectronicgarbage.B)Itdoesalotofdamagetotheenvironment.C)Itemitshugeamountsofharmfulradiation.D)Itacceleratestheexhaustionofrareminerals.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Communicatewithourcoworkers.C)Judgepeoplebasedonourfirstimpressions.B)Encounterpeopleindifferentplaces.D)Engageinavarietyofpsychologicalactivities.17.A)Itisanobjectiveevaluationofaperson'scharacter.B)Itisamentalprocessinfluencedbymanyfactors.C)Itcontributestotheformationofpersonaltraits.D)Itvariesgreatlyamongdifferentsocialgroups.18.A)Itcanleadtoincorrectjudgments.C)Itcanresultininstantlosses.B)Itcancausemistrustamongpeople.D)Itcangiverisetogenderbias.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Bothgroupsspendalotoftimeonmobiledevices.B)Bothgroupsattachimportancetosocialconnections.C)Theyareequallycompetentinusingnewtechnology.D)Theyaresimilarintermsofsocialskills20.A)Theirsocialskillswerenegativelyaffected.C)Theiremotionsweremuchhardertoregulate.B)Theirschoolperformancewasslightlylower.D)Theirrelationswithpeerswerebadlystrained.21.A)Itmayposeathreattotheirchildren'ssafety.C)Itmayhurttheirrelationswithchildren.B)Itmayaffectsociety'straditionalvalues.D)Itmaychangetheirchildren'sethicalvalues.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itismotivating.C)Itisincredible.B)Itispassive.D)Itisimpracticable.23.A)Itresultsinshort-termexcitement.B)Ithelpsusavoidmakingmistakes.C)Itbreedslong-termpassionandenthusiasm.D)Itisboundtohelpusachievegreatersuccess.24.A)Driveusforward.C)Spurustoaction.B)Bringuspower.D)Giveusideas.25.A)Listeningtosuccessstories.C)Followingtheadviceofexperts.B)Applyingideastooneslife.D)Consumingtheworldaroundus.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.PublicperceptionofsuccessintheU.S.mightbetotallymisguided.While92%ofpeoplebelieveotherscaremostaboutfameand26,fewerthan10%factorthosequalitiesintotheirownsuccess.Thisisaccordingtothenewly27studybyHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducationprofessorToddSmith.Smithsayshewas28byhowpaststudiesonsuccess“assumedwhatpeoplewillcareabout."Inthisstudy,histeam“wentthe29direction"byspendingyearscarryingoutindividualinterviewsandgroupsurveystoseewhatpeoplereallytalkaboutwhentheytalkaboutsuccess.Asascientist,Smith30studiedindividualityforaliving,andevenhewassurprisedtofindyoungerrespondentscaredmoreabouthavinga31inlife.Thosebetweentheagesof18and34prioritizeditmost,andthatprioritizationdroppedoffasrespondents'ageswentup.Perhapsthisisbecauseolderpeoplehadfeweroptionswhentheywerestartingtheircareers,atatimewhenvaluesfocusedmoreonstableincomesthan32personalmissions.Othertrendsincludedanemphasisontheimportanceofparenting.Beingaparent33veryhighacrosstheprioritiesofallstudyparticipants.Ultimately,Smithhopesinstitutionswilltakenoteoftheseinsights34.Highereducationinstitutionstendtofocusonpreparingstudentsforhigh-payingjobs.Forsuchinstitutions,fromuniversitiestoworkplaces,tobetter35peopleintheU.Sthey'llneedtounderstand“whattheAmericanpublichighlyprioritizes,"Smithsays.A)accommodateB)accordinglyC)acquiringD)botheredE)fortuneF)fillingG)identifyH)literallyI)oppositeJ)professionK)purposeL)rankedM)releasedN)similarlyO)wrongSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Howarabbitstudyandanex-studentboostmyhopesforafutureof‘loveanddignity’A)Atwhatevergradelevelteachersfindthemselves,fromkindergartentothefinalclassatmedicalorlawschool,fewmomentsstirtheemotionsasdeeplyaswhenformerstudentsreappearyearsandoftendecadeslaterwithanupdateonwheretheirjourneyhastakenthemandwhatresiliencies(韌性)havebeenthepavementonwhichthey'vetraveled.B)SoitwaswhenarecentlettercamefromKelliHarding,astudent21yearsagoinmyPeaceStudiessummercourseinWashington.Theweeklytuition-freeclass,inaroomyspacethatRalphNaderandhisPublicCitizennonprofitgroupprovided,wasdiscussion-basedandrequirednouselesshomeworkorexams.Justcomeinandfigureouthowtoincreasepeaceanddecreaseviolence.Anddoittoday,tomorrowistoolate.Thecourseattractedmostlycongressionalinterns(實(shí)習(xí)生),withafewexceptionslikeKelliwhowasinWashingtonasanAmeriCorpsvolunteer.C)Heryear-longserviceincludedcomfortingAIDspatientsatafreehealthclinicanddeliveringmealstothehomebound.ItwasaworldapartfromherundergraduatedaysattheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeleymajoringinpoliticalscience.TheWashingtonexperience,whichKelliwouldlatercall"transformative,"wasthefuelthatcarriedherintomedicinetoearnamaster'sdegreeinpublichealthfromColumbiaUniversityandamedicaldegreefromtheUniversityofRochester,andalmosttwodecadesofpracticeasanemergency-roompsychiatrist(精神科醫(yī)生)atNewYork-PresbyterianHospitalandaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryatColumbiaUniversityIrvingMedicalCenter.D)Kelli'sletter,aliterateupdateonbothherpersonalandprofessionallife,touchedmyhear,andespeciallysowhensayingthattwodecadeslatershestillhasthecoursetext,“SolutionstoViolence,"andthat“itremainsoneofmyfavoritepossessions."ShelivesinLowerManhattanwithherhusband,Padraic,whomshemetonaflighttoLondon,andtheirthreeboys.E)IfKellistandsout,it'sbecausesheisalsoagiftedwriter.Lastmonth,AtriaBookspublishedherbookTheRabbitEffect:LiveLonger,HappierandHealthierwiththeGroundbreakingScienceofKindness.F)Withablendingoffree-flowingconfessionalproseandscholarlyresearchfoundin461notes,Kellimetmyexpectationsthatherideasandidealswouldbesoundandsingular.“Despiteourscientificprogress,"shewrites,“Americansareremarkablyunhealthy.In2016,theUnitedStatesrankedforty-thirdintheworldforlifeexpectancy...Itisalsobyfartheworld'smostexpensiveplacetogetsick."G)Entertherabbits--notthoserunningaroundinourwoodlandsbutonesservingintwomonth-longmedicalexperimentstotesttheeffectsofeatingahighfatdietandtheconnectionsbetweencholesterolandheartdisease.Withsimilardiets,theexpectationswerethatalltherabbitswouldhavesimilarcloggingsoftheirarteries(動(dòng)脈堵塞).Yetonegrouphad60%fewerofthem.H)Thereason?Insteadofreceivingthestandardcaregiventolabanimals,the60%groupwaswatchedoverbyanewcomertothelabwho,Kelliwrites,"handledtheanimalsdifferently.Whenshefedherrabbitsshetalkedtothemandpettedthem.Shedidn'tjustpassoutfood,shegavethemlove..Thestudiesindicatesomethingismissinginthetraditionalbiomedicalmodel.Itwasn’tdietorgeneticsthatmadeadifferenceinwhichrabbitsgotsickandwhichstayedhealthy.Itwaskindness."I)AmidthepoliticalnoiseaboutObamacare,Medicare,Medicaid,healthinsuranceandthievingpharmaceutical(醫(yī)藥的)companies,KlliHardingstandsapartfromthecrowdcallingforquickfixes,thesimplerthebetter.Shehaswalkedtoomanymilesinthehallsofhospitalsvisitingtoomanyfar-gonepatientsandseeingtoomanymedicalmistakestogoalongwithconventionalthinking.J)“Therabbiteffect,"sheexplains,meansthat“whenitcomestoourhealth,we’vebeenmissingsomecrucialpieces:hiddenfactorsbehindwhatreallymakesushealthy.Factorslikelove,friendship,anddignity.Thedesignsofourneighborhoods,schools,andworkplaces.There’sasocialdimensiontohealththatwe’vecompletelyoverlookedinoureffortstofindthebestandmostcutting-edgemedicalcare...Ultimately,whataffectsourhealthinthemostmeaningfulwayshasmoretodowithhowwetreatoneanother,howwelive,andhowwethinkaboutwhatitmeanstobehumanthanwithanythingthathappensinthedoctor'soffice."K)Inmorethanafewpassages,sherelatesthestoriesofmenandwomenwhocameupagainstassembly-linemedicinewherepatientsweretreatedmostlyaspiecesofflesh."Clinically,"shewrites,“it'scommontoseetwopatientswiththesamecondition,suchasrecoveringfromaheartattack,havetwoverydifferentcoursesbasedonseeminglyirrelevantfactors,suchastheirfamilyrelationshipsortheireducationallevels.Inmypractice,thesickestpeopleIseeoftensharesimilarbackgrounds:loneli...s,abuse,poverty,ordiscrimination.Forthem,themedicalmodelisn'tenough.It'slikefixingupanairplaneengineandignoringthatthepilotisonhisthirddrinkatthebarandamassivestormisoverhead.Toproperlycareforpatients,wealsoneedtocareaboutthelivesofthepeoplegettingthecare.L)Kelliwastesnotimetakingpotshotsat(隨意批評)themedicalestablishmentanditsbody-centeredbiomedicinemethods.Instead,sheremainspositive,holdingupforpraiseoneofhermedicalschoolprofessors,GeorgeEngel,“whoalwaysnoticednotjustapatient'sphysicalconditionbutlittledetailsaboutherlife,suchasifshehadfamilypicturesupinherhospitalroomorflowersdelivered.Hewasthekindoftrusteddoctoryou’dfeelrelievedtoseeandwelcomeintotheroomwithasickfamilymember.He'dsitdowntotalkwiththepatientnotjustaboutmedicalproblems,butaboutherlifeandpriorities.Hebuiltalargeconsultationservicetoaddresstheholistic(整體的)needsofhospitalizedpatients,includingpsychologicalandsocialfactors.”M)It'saguesshowmanyGeorgeEngelsintheirwhitejacketsareatworkthesedaysandanotherspeculationonthenumberofKelliHardingsthenationisblessedwith.Maythetotalsbelargeandgettinglarger.36.KelliHardingalsodistinguishesherselfbyherliterarytalent.37.KelliHardingdoesn'tthinkAmerica'smedicalmodelissufficientforpatientswhoneedhelpmost.38.KelliHardingdiffersfromthoseseekingquickandsimplesolutionstoAmerica'smedicalproblems.39.KelliHardingwasaparticipantinasummercoursetheauthortaught.40.AccordingtoKelliHarding,scientificadvanceshavenotmadeAmericanshealthier,norprolongedtheirlife.41.TheauthorwasdeeplymovedbywhatKelliHardingwroteabouthercurrentlife.42.GeorgeEngel,intreatinghispatients,notonlylooksintotheirsymptomsbutalsointothingsliketheemotionalsupporttheyreceive.43.AccordingtoKelliHarding,rabbits'healthhadmoretodowithhumans'kindnesstothemthantheirdietorgenetics.44.WhatKelliHardingwentthroughinWashingtonchangedherlife.45.Asocialaspecttohealthhasnotbeentakenintoaccountintryingtoprovidethebestmedicalcare.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Academicdishonestyisnothingnew.Aslongastherehavebeenhomeworkassignmentsandtests,therehavebeencheaters.Thewaythatcheatinglookshaschangedovertime,though,particularlynowthattechnologyhasmadeiteasierthanever.AstudybytheJosephsonInstituteofEthicsinterviewed23,000highschoolstudentsandaskedthemavarietyofquestionsaboutacademicethics.Oftheteenssurveyed,51percentsaidthattheyhadknowinglycheatedatsomepointonanexambutthattheydidnotfeeluneasyaboutthebehaviour.ACommonSenseMediasurveyfoundthat35percentofstudentshadcheatedviasmartphone,thoughtheparentssurveyedinthatparticularstudydidnotbelievetheirkidshadevercheated.Inmanycases,studentsdidnotrealizethatstrategieslikelookingupanswersonasmartphonewereactuallycheatingatall.Intoday'sclassrooms,studentswhocheatarerarelycaught.Therearenoformulaswrittenontheinsidesofhandsorstudentslookingacrosstheaisle,orwhisperinganswerstotheirclassmates.Today'sstudentsusesmartphones,tabletsorevenin-classcomputerstoaidtheircheatingattemptsandleavenotraceoftheircrimes.Sincecheatingthroughtechnologyisnotlistedspecificallyasbeingagainsttherulesinmanyschoolpolicies,studentsdonotviewtheactionsunethical.Thetechnologyisbeingadoptedsoquicklythatschooldistrictscannotadequatelykeepupwithcheatingpolicies,orevenawarenesscampaignsthatalertstudentstotheproblemwithusingtechnologytofindanswersinacertainway.Fromayoungage,studentslearnthatanswersexistconvenientlyattheirfingertipsthroughsearchenginesandexpertwebsites.Schoolsmustdevelopanticheatingpoliciesthatincludetechnologyandthesepoliciesmustbeupdatedconsistently.TeachersmuststayonguardwhenitcomestowhattheirstudentsaredoinginclassroomsandhowtechnologycouldbeplayinganegativeroleinthelearningprocessParentsmustalsotalktotheirkidsabouttheappropriatewaystofindacademicanswersandalertthemtounethicalbehavioursthatmayseeminnocentintheirowneyes.46.WhatdowelearnfromthestudybytheJosephsonInstituteofEthics?A)Overhalfofthestudentsinterviewedwereunawaretheywerecheating.B)Cheatingwasbecomingawayoflifeforamajorityofhighschoolteens.C)Morethanhalfoftheintervieweesfeltnosenseofguiltovercheating.D)Cheatingwasgettingmoreandmoredifficultforhighschoolstudents.47.WhatdidtheCommonSenseMediasurveyreveal?A)Mostparentstendedtooverprotecttheirchildren.B)Manystudentscommittedcheatingunknowingly.C)Studentswereinurgentneedofethicaleducation.D)Parentsandkidshadconflictingideasovercheating.48.Whydostudentsrarelygetcaughtcheatingnowadays?A)Theycopyformulasontheirpalms.B)Theyhelpeachothertocoveruptheiracts.C)Theykeepchangingtheirwaysofcheating.D)Theymakeuseofmoderntechnology.49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkschoolsshoulddototacklecheating?A)Bringpoliciesagainstcheatinguptodate.B)Reformtheirexammethodsconstantly.C)Takeadvantageofthelatesttechnologies.D)Alertparentstotheirchildren'sbehaviour.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestteachersdointheclassroom?A)Preventstudentsfromoverusingelectronicdevices.B)Developmoreeffectiveanti-cheatingstrategies.C)Findmorewaystocurbstudents'unethicalacts.D)Guardagainststudents'misuseoftechnology.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Remoteworkisaboutmorethanjustworkingfromhome--itmeansworkingdifferently.Organizationsshouldreconsidertheappropriatenessoftheirperformanceevaluationproceduresinlightoftheshifttoremotework.Thisrequiresafundamentalrethinkingofwhatorganizationsexpectfromemployeesandwhatcompanieswouldlookforinamodelemployeeinaremoteworkcontext.Itislikelythatthe“firsttoarriveandlasttoleave"mentalityisnolongerrelevant,butshouldbereplacedbyaregardforthequalityofanemployee'scontributiontotheorganization.Thismeansthatworkshouldbemeasuredintermsofthequalityofthework,notjustthequalityoftheprocess.Asremoteworkislargelyunobservabletosupervisors,employersneedtothinkabouthowtheycanobjectivelymeasurethequalityofworkinawaythatisconsistentforemployeesofsimilarrank.Focusingonoutputalonecanhaveunintendedconsequences.Employersshouldthinkinsteadaboutthevaluesandsoftskillstheywanttoemphasizeinaremoteworkenvironment.Qualitieslikeflexibilityandtheabilitytoworkunderminimalsupervisionmightbecomecritical.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheimportanceoftimelyfeedback.Inthecontextofaglobalpandemic(大流行病)，firmsmaywanttoprovideadditionalsupporttoemployeesbyprovidingmorefrequentcommunication.Thisallowsmanagerstobothkeepaneyeonstrugglingemployeesandprovideongoingfeedbackonhowemployeesareadaptingtotheirnewworkenvironment.Compensationalsoneedstoberevisited.Thepurposeofperformanceevaluationisultimatelytodeterminehowtorewardemployeesfortheirwork.Thismeansthatpaystructuresneedtoadapttotherealityofworkingfromhome.However,organizationsalsoneedtobehonestwithemployeesaboutthefinancialimpactofCOVID-19.Fororganizationsthathavestruggledtokeepthelightsonduetothepandemic,thismightmeanthinkingofnon-financialwaystorewardemployees,likeunpaidtimeofforflexibleworkschedules.Employerscanalsoconsiderhowtobundledifferenttypesofcompensationtohelpemployeescopewiththeiruniquesituations.51.Whatdoestheauthorsaycompaniesshoulddointhecontextofremotework?A)Reformperformanceevaluation.C)Reexamineitseffectsonemployees'behaviors.B)Rethinktheorganizationalfundamentals.D)Reflectonitsdifferencesfromworkingintheoffice.52.Whatshouldbeprioritizedinassessingemployees'remotework?A)Thequantityoftheiroutput.C)Thequalityoftheircontribution.B)Thelengthoftheirworktime.D)Theflexibilityoftheirworkschedules.53.Whatqualityintheemployeeswouldbeofgreatimportanceinaremoteworkcontext?A)Theabilitytoproducequalitywork.B)Theabilitytomaxim