2019屆新課標(biāo)天津市高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分單項(xiàng)填空專題五動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞講義

專題五動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞-2-考情概覽1.考查常見動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的情景化,把動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別放在鮮活的語境中進(jìn)行考查,突出在具體語境中進(jìn)行意義選擇的測試。2.考查常見動(dòng)詞的搭配。特別是同一動(dòng)詞和不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語之間的辨析,或者不同的動(dòng)詞和同一副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語之間的辨析。如get/give/break/stand/take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等一些高頻動(dòng)詞與for/to/of/out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等介/副詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語的含義。3.考查常見動(dòng)詞及其短語的新義,也就是我們所說的“熟詞生義”;動(dòng)詞的一詞多義也是考查的重點(diǎn)。要在具體的語境中靈活地使用。-3-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六動(dòng)詞詞義辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往結(jié)構(gòu)相同,詞形或意義相近。要做好這類試題,必須從各個(gè)動(dòng)詞的語義差別、用法特點(diǎn)等方面入手,然后結(jié)合題意選用合適的動(dòng)詞。-4-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六【典例分析】(2015·天津卷,11)Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you’dbetter

yourdoctoratonce.

A.convince

B.consult

C.avoid

D.affect答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:如果你對(duì)自己的健康狀況還有所疑問的話,你最好立刻咨詢你的醫(yī)生。convince“使確信,使信服”;consult“請(qǐng)教,咨詢”;avoid“避免”;affect“影響”。(2016·浙江卷,8)Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan

us.

A.divide

B.rejectC.control

D.abandon答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)因差異而聯(lián)合起來、而不是因差異而分裂的時(shí)候,我們會(huì)收獲很多。divide“分開,隔開”,符合句意。reject“拒絕”;control“控制”;abandon“拋棄”。故選A項(xiàng)。-5-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四常見動(dòng)詞的固定搭配有些動(dòng)詞與其賓語有固定的搭配和習(xí)慣用法,還有些動(dòng)詞后跟賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),與不定式或某些介詞有固定的搭配。要做好這類試題,關(guān)鍵是通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)弄清題意,然后根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和句意選擇符合固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法的動(dòng)詞?！镜淅治觥?2015·天津卷,14)See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’t

sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.

A.have

B.make

C.display

D.bring答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:看,你的電腦又壞了!為了節(jié)省幾美元去購買最便宜的牌子的電腦,這種做法不明智。make

sense是固定短語,意為“明智,合情合理,有道理”。-6-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四同一動(dòng)詞和不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是由同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞加不同的副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的。從歷年的高考試題來看,那些搭配能力強(qiáng)、語義豐富的常用短語動(dòng)詞是命題的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。要做好這類試題,一定要在理解語境的基礎(chǔ)上,從語義邏輯、固定搭配、前后關(guān)系等角度去確定答案?！镜淅治觥?2015·天津卷,10)Tomhadto

theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.

A.turnin B.turndownC.turnover D.turnto答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:上個(gè)周末湯姆不得不拒絕了參加聚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng),因?yàn)樗α?。turn

in“上交;歸還”;turn

down“拒絕”;turn

over“移交,交給”;turn

to“轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于”。-7-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四不同的動(dòng)詞和同一副詞或介詞構(gòu)成的短語的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由不同的動(dòng)詞加相同的介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的。要做好這類試題,首先還是要弄清題意,然后選出符合題意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動(dòng)詞?！镜淅治觥?2016·江蘇卷,30)Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshave

thankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.

A.fallenoff B.takenoffC.turnedoff D.leftoff答案為B項(xiàng)。fall

off“跌落;減少”;take

off“起飛;突然成功”;turn

off“關(guān)掉”;leave

off“停止,中斷”。句意:由于商業(yè)創(chuàng)新的環(huán)境適宜,很多由大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的公司成功了。-8-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四(2017·江蘇卷,25)WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas

thebestinherasadoctor.

A.heldout B.broughtoutC.pickedout D.givenout答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:在非洲與醫(yī)療團(tuán)隊(duì)合作,突顯了她作為一名醫(yī)生最優(yōu)秀的一面。hold

out“伸出”;bring

out“使顯示”;pick

out“挑選”;give

out“分發(fā)”。故B項(xiàng)符合語境。-9-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞的辨析這類試題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞。要做好這類試題,關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題干的意思,選出符合題意的短語動(dòng)詞。【典例分析】(2017·天津卷,5)Mr.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughter

,getmarried,andhavekids.

A.settledown B.keepoffC.getup D.cutin答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:布朗夫婦想要看著他們的女兒安定下來,結(jié)婚生子。settle

down“(在某地)定居下來,過安定的生活”;keep

off“遠(yuǎn)離;避開”;get

up“起床”;cut

in“插嘴”。故選A項(xiàng)。-10-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四(2016·天津卷,14)Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusyto

aconversationwithher.

A.carryon B.breakintoC.turndown D.cutoff答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:我不喜歡她在我工作時(shí)給我打電話——我總是太忙,不能和她進(jìn)行會(huì)話。carry

on“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行;從事”;break

into“破門而入,闖入”;turn

down“拒絕;調(diào)低”;cut

off“切斷,使隔絕”。故選A項(xiàng)。-11-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四“動(dòng)詞+副詞/名詞+介詞”短語的辨析要做好這類試題,弄清題意誠然重要,但還要注意該短語的尾詞是介詞、副詞還是不定式符號(hào)to。【典例分析】(2016·江蘇卷,33)Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento

theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.

A.gainadmissionto B.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageof D.giveriseto答案為C項(xiàng)。gain

admission

to“獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入”,keep

track

of

“了解;與……保持聯(lián)系”,take

advantage

of“利用”,give

rise

to“引起,導(dǎo)致,造成”。句意:“父母應(yīng)該積極激勵(lì)孩子們把握住加入運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)的機(jī)會(huì)”,故選C項(xiàng)。-12-考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)四Anyway,we’reherenow,solet’s

someseriouswork.

A.comeupwith B.getdowntoC.doawaywith D.liveupto答案為B項(xiàng)?？疾槎陶Z動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:不管怎么說,現(xiàn)在我們在這兒了,讓我們開始認(rèn)真干點(diǎn)正事。come

up

with

“提出”;get

down

to

“開始認(rèn)真地做某事”;do

away

with

“廢除,廢止”;live

up

to

“不辜負(fù)”。-13-1.(2017·江蘇卷,30)Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp

youryearahead.

A.shape

B.switchC.stretch

D.sharpen解析

句意:在年底快速回顧一下一年以來的成功和失敗將有助于規(guī)劃來年。shape“塑造”;switch“轉(zhuǎn)換”;stretch“伸展”;sharpen“使銳利”。故選A項(xiàng)。2.(2017·天津耀華中學(xué)二模,13)Don’tbe

byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.

A.takenoff B.takenoutC.takenaway D.takenin解析

句意:不要被那些承諾讓你很快減輕體重的產(chǎn)品欺騙。take

off“起飛;脫下;匆匆離開”;take

out“取出;去掉;出發(fā)”;take

away“帶走;使離去”;take

in“吸收;領(lǐng)會(huì);欺騙”。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。AD-14-3.(2017·天津南開中學(xué)三模,5)MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates

fromtheBritishEmpireandbecameanindependentcountry.

A.gotoff B.pulleddownC.brokeaway D.droppedoff解析

句意:兩百多年前,美國脫離大英帝國的統(tǒng)治,成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國家。break

away“脫離”符合句意,故選C項(xiàng)。get

off“下車;動(dòng)身”;pull

down“摧毀;推翻;拉下來”;drop

off“讓……下車;掉落”。C-15-4.(2017·天津河?xùn)|區(qū)二模,7)Readerscan

quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.

A.getover B.getin

C.getalong D.getthrough解析

句意:讀者不需要知道每個(gè)詞的意思就能順利讀懂。getover“克服;恢復(fù)”;get

in“進(jìn)入;滲入”;get

along

“與……和睦相處;進(jìn)展”;get

through“通過;到達(dá);接通電話”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項(xiàng)。5.(2017·天津第一中學(xué)第五次月考,10)Theyoungmanhadfloatedintheriverfornearlytwohoursbeforehewas

bythefisherman.

A.putup B.madeupC.pickedup D.broughtup解析

句意:漁民將這位年輕人撈起來之前,他已經(jīng)在河里漂浮了接近兩個(gè)小時(shí)。put

up“建造;舉起;提供住宿”;make

up“組成;編造”;pick

up“拾起;救起;偶然學(xué)會(huì)”;bring

up“提出;撫養(yǎng);嘔吐”。故選C項(xiàng)。CC-16-6.(2016·浙江卷,14)Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethat

myinterest.

A.limited

B.reserved

C.reflected

D.spoiled7.(2016·江蘇卷,25)Hedidnot

easily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.

A.approach

B.wrestleC.compromise

D.communicateC解析句意:當(dāng)必須最后決定選擇一門課程的時(shí)候,我決定申請(qǐng)能反映我興趣的那門課。reflect“反映;反射”,與句意相符。limit“限制”;reserve

“保留”;spoil“溺愛;毀壞”。故選C項(xiàng)。C解析approach“接近,靠近”,wrestle“摔跤”,compromise“妥協(xié)”,communicate“溝通,交流”。由but前后分句的語意對(duì)比判斷只有C項(xiàng)符合語境。句意:他不輕易妥協(xié),但是為了有價(jià)值的事業(yè),他愿意接受任何建設(shè)性的建議。-17-8.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto

totheirgreatestpotential.

A.accelerate

B.improveC.perform

D.develop9.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto

thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicBelt.

A.applyto B.caterfor

C.appealto D.huntforD解析句意:學(xué)校應(yīng)該是活躍的地方,在那里個(gè)體被鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展到最大潛能。accelerate“加速”;improve“改善”;perform“執(zhí)行,完成”;develop“發(fā)展”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。B解析句意:這所大學(xué)開辦了一些新的語言項(xiàng)目來滿足國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的發(fā)展需要。apply

to“適合,適應(yīng);向……申請(qǐng)”;cater

for

“滿足需要,迎合”;appeal

to

“呼吁;吸引”;hunt

for

“搜尋”。B項(xiàng)符合句意。-18-10.Thewholeteam

Cristiano

Ronaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.

A.waiton B.focusonC.counton D.callonC解析句意:整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都很信任克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多,他也很少讓他們失望。wait

on“伺候,服侍”;focus

on“集中于,專注于”;count

on“依賴,依靠,信任”;call

on“號(hào)召”。C項(xiàng)符合句意。-19-11.Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwardsto_______thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.

A.whisper

B.signalC.declare

D.complain12.Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate’sadvantage

hisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.

A.leavesout B.goesagainst

C.liesin D.makesupB解析句意:為了不被人聽見,她豎起手指示意樓上有人四處走動(dòng)。whisper“低語,私語”;signal“示意,發(fā)信號(hào)”;declare“聲明”;complain“抱怨”。根據(jù)句意可知選B項(xiàng)。C解析句意:毫無疑問,這位參賽選手的優(yōu)勢在于他用英語與外國人交流的能力。leave

out“省去;遺漏”;go

against“反對(duì),違背”;lie

in“因?yàn)?在于”;make

up“組成;彌補(bǔ);化妝”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項(xiàng)。-20-13.Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswill

soonerorlater.

A.standout B.breakupC.getout D.turnup14.Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe

backin.

A.received

B.admittedC.turned

D.movedD解析句意:不用擔(dān)心。我相信你丟失的眼鏡遲早會(huì)找到。stand

out“突出;顯眼”;break

up“分解;破裂”;get

out“離開,出去”;turn

up“調(diào)高;出現(xiàn);找到”。根據(jù)句意可知選D項(xiàng)。B解析句意:如果你離開這家俱樂部,你就不許回來了。receive“接受”;admit“允許……進(jìn)入;承認(rèn)”;turn“轉(zhuǎn)身;變得”;move“移動(dòng)”。-21-15.Thegoodthingaboutthechildrenisthatthey

veryeasilytonewenvironments.

A.adapt

B.appealC.attach

D.apply16.Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon

thecaseofthetwomissingchildren.

A.lookupon B.lookafterC.lookinto D.lookoutA解析句意:孩子們一個(gè)好的方面是他們非常容易適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。adapt

to“適應(yīng)”;appeal

to“吸引”;attach

to“依附于”;apply

to“應(yīng)用于”。C解析句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,警方不久就會(huì)調(diào)查兩個(gè)失蹤兒童的案件了。look

upon“看待”;look

after“照看”;look

into“調(diào)查”;look

out“小心”。-22-17.Ifyouareintrouble,don’t

toaskMikeforhelp;heisalwayswillingtolendahand.

A.dream

B.appeal

C.hesitate

D.bend18.—Couldyoudomeafavorandtypethereport?—Sorry.I’mtoobusyanddon’thaveanytimeto

.

A.save

B.balance

C.spare

D.shareC解析句意:如果你有麻煩,別猶豫,直接找邁克尋求幫助。他總是很樂意幫忙。dream“夢想”;appeal

“呼吁”;hesitate

“猶豫”;bend“俯身”。根據(jù)句意可知選C項(xiàng)。C解析句意:——你可以幫我一下,把這份報(bào)告打印出來嗎?——對(duì)不起,我太忙了,抽不出時(shí)間。save“節(jié)省”;balance“平衡”;spare“抽出,分出”;share“共享”。-23-19.Hewas

forthejobvacancybecausehecouldn’tbeontimeevenfortheinterview.

A.objected

B.discouragedC.opposed

D.rejectedD解析句意:他被拒絕來補(bǔ)上這一職位空缺,因?yàn)樗B面試都不能按時(shí)到達(dá)。object“反對(duì)”;discourage“使……泄氣”;oppose“反對(duì)”;reject“拒絕”。-24-20.Officialsstatedthatalargenumberofflightshadtobe________becauseofthebadweather.

A.cutoff B.brokenoffC.setoff D.putoff21.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe

whenyouarecamping.

A.putupwith B.comeupwithC.keptupwith D.caughtupwithD解析句意:官方聲明,由于天氣不好,大量的航班必須推遲。cut

off“切斷”;break

off“突然中斷”,沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài);set

off“出發(fā)”;put

off“推遲”。A解析句意:當(dāng)你野營時(shí),有許多不方便你必須忍受。put

up

with“忍受”;come

up

with“提出;