2021高考英語昆明市(三月)閱讀類課外自練(4)及答案

2021高考英語昆明市（三月）閱讀類課外自練（4）及答案（由2022上海市浦東新區(qū)高三第三次模擬改編）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AnewargumenthasbeenputforwardastowhetherpenguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceoftouristsinAntarctica.PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds’heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotviewedasathreatbypenguins.Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans.“Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,”saysNimon.“Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators(掠奪者)toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks.”Theartificialegg,speciallyfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeen‘disturbed’whentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon’sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently–andNimon’sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik’sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins’responsesneededcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithbeart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatoverallmessageispresented?A.Nofirmconclusionsaredrawn.B.NeitherCulik’snorNimon’sfindingsareofmuchvalue.C.Penguinreductionisclosedrelatedtotouristbehavior.D.Touristsarenotresponsibleforthefallinpenguinnumbers.2.WhichONEargumentofthefollowingisstatedinthepassage?A.Penguinsarehardertoresearchwhentheyhaveyoung.B.TouroperatorsshouldencouragetouriststoavoidAntarctica.C.Notallpenguinsbehaveinthesameway.D.Penguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists.3.Whatdoyounoticeabouttheviewspresentedinthepassage?A.Theyaregroundless.B.Theyarefactual.C.Theyaredescriptive.D.Theyareconflicting.69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword(finalline)probablymean?A.lateronB.carmlyC.separatelyD.inthesameplace【參考答案】1—4、ACDA閱讀理解。閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Inbusiness,there'saspeeddifference：It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm'sleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(競爭的)strategy(策略)andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogain_an_edgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack.What'smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup”improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythe_laws_of_business_physics,_takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationalspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,Stucktotestedmethods,didn'tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.提速，好像是歷來公司老總們所追求的，增加效益更是他們的最終目標(biāo)。而人們對(duì)于速度的不同理解和方法的不同，的確適得其反。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge”inParagraph2mean?A．Increasethespeed. B．Getanadvantage.C．Reachthelimit. D．Setagoal.答案：B。理解推斷題。在文章的第一段中就提到了很多公司提速的目的就是利益問題，信息詞“fearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantage”可以表明劃線部分的意義同選項(xiàng)B。2．Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means________.A．spendingmoretimeandperformingworseB．spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC．spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD．spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter答案：D。歸納概況題。既然公司追求的是提速，自然意味著：takelesstime；而最終的效益還得需要performingbetter，故兩者結(jié)合，才是公司始終在夢寐以求的最佳目標(biāo)。故選D。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B．Howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C．Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges.D．Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。倒數(shù)其次段的第一句里含有本題的信息，即同選項(xiàng)C的說法是全都的。4．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Improvequality?Servebetter. B．Delivervalue?Ploughahead.C．Reducetime?Movefaster. D．Needspeed?Slowdown.答案：D。主旨大意題。文章的開頭就已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明白本文的主題方向，即：公司想方設(shè)法提高工作速度；而文中通過分析比較不同公司的不同的做法和他們對(duì)于速度不同的理解，假如沒有好的決策，適得其反，故選項(xiàng)D是最佳答案?！?021界廣東深圳市其次次調(diào)研考試】完形填空。閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，然后從1~15各題所給的A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MassiveOpenOnlineCoursesarealsocalledMOOCs.Tensofthousands,orevenmorepeoplecan1theseclassesallatonce.YoucanbeanywhereintheworldtotakeaMOOC.Allyouneedisa2andanetworkconnection.MOOCsaddtoatraditionofwhatisknownas3learning.Foryears,manycollegeshaveofferedclassesthataretaught4ormostlyonline.MOOCsareavailableinsubjectslikecomputerscienceorengineering,whichworkquitewell.ButcanMOOCsinsubjectslikeartsbeas5astheoldteachingapproach?ScottAndersonteachesphilosophyattheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada.Heseesbothgoodand6sidestoMOOCs.“Therearepartsthatwillbefine,mostlywhenstudentslistentoa7,thereisnospecialreasonwhytheyneedtobe8presenttohearandgetit,”saysMr.Anderson.IncreasednumbersofstudentsinMOOCscanmean9communicationbetweenthemandteachers.Hesaystwowaystodealwiththisarebyaddingmoreteachersand10uponlinediscussiongroups.LisaJadwin,whoteachesEnglishandwritingatSt.JohnFisherCollegeinNewYork,saysthatonlineeducationhassomeweaknessforhersubjects.What’s11inonlineeducationisface–to–faceinteraction,forexample,theteachingofEnglishisaface–to–face12practice.Sotheoldapproachisnotgoingtobe13BillPogueteachescommunicationsattheUniversityofHouston–downtown.Hesaysthatafterleadingclassesformorethan30years,hewouldnotattempttoteachaMOOC.However,Mr.Pogueseesgood14in1．A．cut B．a(chǎn)ccept C．give D．take【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語境的理解力氣。cut切；accept接受；give給； take拿走。takeclass上課；成千上萬的人甚至更多的人都想去取上這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)授課，故選D。2．A．computer B．telephone C．television D．radio【答案】A【解析】考查名詞及語境的理解力氣。computer電腦；telephone電話； television電視機(jī)；radio收音機(jī)。依據(jù)YoucanbeanywhereintheworldtotakeaMOOC，依據(jù)常識(shí)可知要想上網(wǎng)絡(luò)上課必需要有一個(gè)電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，故選A。3．A．constant B．similar C．distant D．creative【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞及語境的理解力氣。constant不變的；similar相像的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的；creative制造性的。依據(jù)常識(shí)可知網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程也就是我們所熟知的遠(yuǎn)程訓(xùn)練，故選C。4．A．rarely B．merely C．partly D．equally【答案】C【解析】考查副詞及語境的理解力氣。rarely很少；merely僅僅；partly部分地，在確定程度上；equally相等地。依據(jù)下文mostlyonline可知這里應(yīng)選與mostly相對(duì)應(yīng)的一個(gè)詞；很多高校是一部分或絕大部分都是在網(wǎng)上授課的，故選C。5．A．expensive B．effective C．sensitive D．a(chǎn)ctive【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞及語境的理解力氣。expensive昂貴的；effective有效的；sensitive敏感的；active樂觀的。像藝術(shù)這樣的功課能和傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法一樣的效果嗎，故選B。6．A．wrong B．bad C．right D．positive【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞及語境的理解力氣。wrong錯(cuò)誤的；bad壞的；right正確；positive確定的。依據(jù)good與它對(duì)應(yīng)映的是bad；他能觀看網(wǎng)絡(luò)授課好的和壞的方面，故選B。7．A．lecture B．chat C．debate D．contest【答案】A【解析】考查名詞及語境的理解力氣。lecture講課，演講；chat談天；debate辯論；contest競賽。listentoalecture聽課；有些方面是好的，當(dāng)同學(xué)聽課的時(shí)候，沒有特殊的身體的緣由他們要親自聽和記的，故選A。8．A．physically B．spiritually C．mentally D．commercially【答案】A【解析】考查副詞及語境的理解力氣。physically身體上的；spiritually精神上的；mentally精神上地；commercially商業(yè)地。當(dāng)同學(xué)聽課的時(shí)候，沒有特殊的身體的緣由他們要親自聽