2022北京市高考英語一輪閱讀理解專題訓練及答案11

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible．Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel．Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter．Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsense．Ittakesthemostcool－h(huán)eadeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving．Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting．Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions．Butsuchbehaviorsofpolitenessarebynomeansenough．Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit．1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________．A．trafficjams B．roadpoliteness C．goodmanners D．moderndrivers2．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby________．A．thebehaviorofthedrivers B．trafficjamsC．greatspeed D．terribleroadconditions3．Accordingtothewriter,agooddrivershould________．A．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitB．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC．encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadswhenevertheywanttoD．joinintrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeel4．ThefollowingstatementsarerightEXCEPTthat________．A．somemoderndriversarenotgoodatdrivingB．roadpolitenessisgoodsenseaswellasgoodmannersC．a(chǎn)friendlydrivershouldnodorwavethanksinanswertoanactofpolitenessD．itisalsorighttohaveatigerinthedriver'sseat5．Itisnotalwaysrightfordriversto________．A．masterroadmanshipB．recognizepolitenesswhentheyseeitC．giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpolitenessD．encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywant【參考答案】1---5BAADDPassageTwelve(ReligionandRationality)

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.

Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as

[A].thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

[C].apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

[D].ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

2.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A].Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

[C].Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

[D].Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

3.

Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat

[A].itisunawareofultimategoals.

.itisunimaginative.

[C].itsfindingsareexactandfinal.

[D].itresemblessocietyandart.

4.

Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

[A].itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

[C].ithasdisappointedmankind.

[D].ithasinspiredmankind.

5.

Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe

[A].imaginative.

.aproviderofhopeforthefuture.

[C].ahighlyintellectualactivity

[D].ineffectual.

Vocabulary

1.

grace

賞賜，慈祥，感化，感思禱告

2.

chide

責怪

3.

sentiment

情感

4.

inviolate

不受侵害的，純潔的

5.

intent

意義，含義

6.

piecemeal

一件件，漸漸的，零碎的

7.

bubbleup

起泡，沸騰，興奮

8.

veer

轉(zhuǎn)變方向，轉(zhuǎn)向

9.

abortive

夭折的，失敗的，中斷的，流產(chǎn)的。

10.

pale

范圍，界限

11.

draught

要求

12.

oracle

神諭宣誓，預言，圣言

13.

antidote

解毒藥，矯正方法

14.

correlate

相互關(guān)系

15.

dislocate

使離開原來位置，打亂正常秩序

16.

gratuitous

無償?shù)?，沒有理由的。

17.

debauch

使失落，放蕩

18.

sanction

支持，鼓舞，認可

19.

impede

阻礙，制止

20.

ineptitude

不恰當，無能，愚蠢

21.

insinuate

示意

22.

remould

重塑，重鑄

23.

aspiration

抱負，壯志

24.

arrogate

沒來由反把……歸于（to）

25.

literal

樸實的，字面的

26.

intelligible

可以理解的。

27.

conceit

幻想，奇想

難句譯注

1.

Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.

[參考譯文]

可是音調(diào)和語言的差異必定很快的給我們深刻的印象，就象哲學所說的那樣：那種差異應提鄉(xiāng)我們，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的話，其功能也是通過不同的器官在兩種不同的狀況下完成的。

2.

Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.

[參考譯文]

另一方面，理性學問一種原則或者是潛在的秩序，我們的確可以在此基礎(chǔ)上存在于我們心中，沒有種種變化，或任何壓力。

3.

Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.

[參考譯文]

不論我們是否遵循理性，它不會極力或責怪我們，除了以事物的原來面目和比例揭示各種事物而自然而然的激起我們的感情，它并不需要我們付出任何感情。

4.

Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.

[參考譯文]

宗教在其意義上，比社會，科學，藝術(shù)更自覺，更直接的追求“理性生活”，由于這些東西（社會，科學，藝術(shù)）臨時而又零星的接近和填補抱負的生活，無視目的，也不管其本能的目標是否最終證明正確。

5.

oneandall

各個都，全部

6.

Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.

[參考譯文]

處于宗教領(lǐng)域范圍之內(nèi)的人民或許會說服自己對其結(jié)果表示滿足，這要感謝他們在堅固過去和對將來期望寬宏要切上的一種偏愛?？墒侨魏慰焖訇P(guān)注宗教的人，把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比較，必定感到這種種宗教為全人類作好的無望是實在太可怕了。

7.

Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.

[參考譯文]

以無理的幻想混淆智力，弄亂正常的情感是一種短視的追求幸福的方法。

8.

Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

[參考譯文]

因此，宗教經(jīng)常會使它要支持的道德墮落淪喪，并阻礙它應當執(zhí)行的科學任務(wù)。

9.

Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.

[參考譯文]

生活的目標和條件在宗教中詩一般的呈現(xiàn)，但這種詩意往往把宗教所并不具有的樸實真理和道德威力沒有來由的歸于宗教。

寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇用對比手法寫出宗教和理性之差異并著重描述宗教的文章。有各種中焦，理性只有一個，縱然兩者在功能和目的上有不相同之處，但由于宗教以直覺，想象力，情感為主，無視目的，雖比科學，社會或藝術(shù)更自覺，更直接追求理性生活，結(jié)果卻是失敗和無望，而理性則相反。

答案祥解

1.

C.

一種有目的而又不帶偏見對最佳事物的探究。答案在最終一段，這種愚蠢的隱秘是什么？為什么宗教在目的上那么接近真理，在其結(jié)構(gòu)和結(jié)果上，卻沒有理性的一切？答案很簡潔：宗教是通過想象來追趕理性，當它解釋大事或闡明緣由時，以虛構(gòu)的想象來取代科學，當它訓誡，示意抱負或者重塑抱負時，以想象代替才智——才智的意思是指有意識而又公正的追求一切好東西。

A.通過想象力追求理性。

B.不帶感情的探詢真理。

C.追求幸福的短視的方法。

2.

A.

宗教通過想象力尋求真理，而理性的探究卻運用感情。見難句譯注3，理性（智）是非感情的。

B.在解決人類問題上的宗教是一種無效的工具。

C.科學尋求逐步解決對人類的問題。

D.哲學和理性的功能是一樣的。

3.

A.

宗教沒有意識（不知道）其最終目的的。見難句譯注4，說明宗教不管（幾乎不關(guān)注）其目的，或不關(guān)懷其本能的目標最終真確與否。

B.宗教沒有想象力。

C.其成果是精確?????的，最終的。

D.宗教很象科學和藝術(shù)。

4.

D.

它激起人類情感。第一段中說“宗教的掙扎與不斷變化的力氣好像促使人追求某種永恒的東西，它好像追求靈魂的最終和諧以及靈魂與靈魂所依靠的一起事物之間的永恒的和諧?！?/p>

A.宗教依靠于直覺而不是推理。第一段最終一句：宗教也有本能和盲目的一面，在各種各樣的偶然實踐和直覺中沸騰?？刹痪盟窒蚴挛飪?nèi)心摸索前進，然而不論從哪個方始終，都轉(zhuǎn)想最終方向（最終多轉(zhuǎn)想這個方向——直覺），文章的最終一句：宗教的目的和抱負的目的一樣，而其實現(xiàn)目的方法是通過直覺和無限止的詩一般的幻想來進行的。

B.它不關(guān)懷其本能的目標最終是否真確。

C.它使人類很無望。

5.

D.

無效。其次段開頭就點出：我們得承認宗教追求理性生活始終是很失?。鳟a(chǎn)了）。

A.有想象力的。

B.為將來供應期望的。

C.是一個高度的智力活動。【廣東省深圳高級中學】DOneofBritain’sbravestwomentoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspected(可疑的)policekillerDavidBieber—andwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidthatshecouldbeinlineforashareofuptothe￡30,000rewardmoney.Shesaid:“Iwasverynervous.ButwhenIopenedthehoteldoorandsaw20armedpolicemenlinedupinthecarparkIwassogladtheywerethere.”ThealarmhadbeenraisedbecauseVickibecamesuspiciousoftheguestwhocheckedinat3pmthedaybeforeNewYear’sEvewithlittleluggageandwearingsunglassesandahatpulleddownoverhisface.Shesaid:“Hedidn’tseemtowanttotalktoomuchandmakeanyeyecontact.”Vicki,theonlyemployeeonduty,calledherbossMargaret,64,andhusbandStanMcKale,65,whophonedthepoliceat11pm.OfficersfromNorthumbriaPolicecalledVickiatthehotelinDunston,Gateshead,atabout11:30pmtomakesurethatthiswasthewantedman.ThentheykeptintouchbyphoningVickievery15minutes.“Itwasabouttenpasttwointhemorningwhenthephonewentagainandapolic