備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)重難題型高分攻略03-設(shè)空位置之段首題-(學(xué)生版)

備批2023高考七選五之段首設(shè)空目錄內(nèi)容板塊一題型解析板塊二高考真題感悟板塊三模考題練手板塊四課后習(xí)題訓(xùn)練—：題型解析七選五的設(shè)空位置無(wú)非就段首；段中以及段尾；設(shè)空位置不同考查學(xué)生的能力也有所不同；段首主要考查有以下三個(gè)方面：段首句作為主旨句；總結(jié)概括全段的內(nèi)容；其次；段首句充當(dāng)承上啟下的作用：承接前段最后一句；引出本段第二句；最后；作為分論點(diǎn)；與全文中心主旨形成呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。解題方向：.主旨概括句在某段的段首設(shè)空的題通常有以下情況：一是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句；二是與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一句，鎖定線(xiàn)索特征詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)線(xiàn)索特征詞。通常答案與設(shè)空前后的句子在意思上緊密銜接,因此這些句子之間會(huì)用到某些銜接手段。比如，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間或年代，要注意其與原文中的時(shí)間或年代的前后對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。.承上啟下（過(guò)渡）句在段首設(shè)空的題有時(shí)也可能起承上啟下的作用，此時(shí)既要熟悉上?段內(nèi)容，又要去結(jié)合下一段所講。做題時(shí)要聯(lián)系上下文，把握邏輯關(guān)系，分析所選答案是否能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。.與主旨形成呼應(yīng)的分論點(diǎn)考察分論點(diǎn)的考法時(shí)；一般文體為說(shuō)明文；且具有小標(biāo)題的特征；每段都有中心；而且每段中心都與全文主旨形成總分關(guān)系；這時(shí)候可以看一下其他段落總結(jié)所填句式的形式；再根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容總結(jié)中心。解題技巧：第一步：先做段首題，縮小排查范圍段首題要么是主旨句（總結(jié)句），要么就是承上啟下句，具有鮮明的語(yǔ)言特征，題目簡(jiǎn)單，較易判定做題時(shí)，先將這類(lèi)題目的選項(xiàng)定位，既可縮小思考范圍，又可使原文信息更加明了第二步：剩余選項(xiàng)細(xì)排查，利用句間關(guān)系來(lái)判定將段首題判定復(fù)位后，原文信息會(huì)更加明了，再次通讀原文，理清剩余段中題的句間關(guān)系，將剩余選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)復(fù)位第三步：代入選項(xiàng)通讀原文，驗(yàn)證句間關(guān)系將所選答案代入文中，重點(diǎn)檢查邏輯關(guān)系?？词欠裼胁缓闲形倪壿嫷默F(xiàn)象。Ourself-conceptisimportantbecauseitaffectsourattitudesandbehaviors.Whenthesemediapromotecertainideals,we'remorelikelytomakethemourown.GOurfamilymembers,closefriendsandevenotherscancontributetoourself-concept.PassageIFitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner/5Onereasonwas:“You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingfbryouatthegym,“whileanotherread:44 36 ”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson. 37 Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingfbronsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse. 38 Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantediodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.1（alsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber. 39 Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills. 40 Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit-yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartnef,notice?Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.GAnynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.PassageJIfyou'veeverbeenbittenbyamosquito,youknowhowfhistratingtheirbitescanbe.36,creatinganitch（癢）thatonceyoustartscratchingonlyseemstogetworse.Whydoesamosquitobiteitchandwhatcanwedo?Whydoesamosquitobiteitch?Whenamosquitobitesyou,itpiercestheskinusingaspecialmoulhparttosuckupbloodandinjectssaliva（唾液）intoyourskin.Mosquitoes'salivahaslotsofproteinsinit,someofwhichourbodyrecognizesasforeign,andourimmunecellsspringintoactiontotrytofightthem.37.It'sactuallythebody'sresponsetotheforeignmosquitoproteinitistryingtofight.That'swhysomepeoplemayonlyhaveamildreactiontobites,whileothers,moresensitivetotheforeignprotein,reactwithlargeareasofswellingthataremorepainful.Whathelpsresisttheurgetoscratch?“Don'tscratch''istheadvicethatmostexpertsandhealthprofessionalsgive.Ashardandsometimesunrealisticasitcansound,scratchinginflames（發(fā)炎）theskin,andtheinflammationmakestheskinitchmore.“38JwarnedDanielMarkowski,technicaladviserfbrtheAmericanMosquitoControlAssociation,addingthatinextremecases,peoplecanscarthemselves.Instead,therearedozensofcreamsandspraysthatpromiseitchreliefaswellashomeremedy（療法）.Choosewhat'srightfbryoucanoftencomedowntotrialanderror.Ingeneral,allofthevariousanti-itchcreamsareverysimilar.Thereisnoscientificevidencetheseremedieswork,andtheycancomewiththeirownprecautionsorsideeffects.39. 40 Somepeoplecanhaveseriousallergicreactionstomosquitoes,althoughinpracticeitisrare,Vosshallsaid.Ifyouexperienceseveresymptomssuchasbreathingtrouble,youshouldseekmedicalattentionimmediately.Whentoseekmedicalattention?Whattodowithamosquitobite?It'snotthebitethatcausestheitchThemoreyouscratch,themoretheyitchThelittleredbumpsswellupalmostimmediatelyScratchingcancausesecondaryinfectionsandprolongtheirritationGInfact,thebestremedytofighttheitchistopreventabileinthefirstplace二：高考真題感悟例題1：MakingRequests4 .InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountrics.Thcmoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry,themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.It'sagoodsignfbrthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateNeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemItmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal例題2：Practiseempathy供情).Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoall(headditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaYoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind例題3：13Lookatthetableofcontents,thepreface,thechapterheading,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutodecidewhetheryoureallyneedtoreadthewholebookoronlycertainpartsofit.Tenminutesspentinthiswaycouldsaveyouquitealotoftimeinthelongrun.Stoptohavearestnowandthen.Spendafewminuteslookingthrough(hebook.Thisdependsonthetypeofbookyouarereading.例題4：17However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.Bydistracting(分心)themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.Someexpertssay(hatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.例題5：Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.Thefoodissodelicious(hatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsonicgroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.ButtheycostS18!That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.PeoplewhoarcpositiveandoptimisticcanactuallybenefityourhealthItisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.三：?？碱}練手例題1：Learntoapologize—andaskforanapology.40Thatincludesyou.too.Beingauthenticinafriendshipmeanshavingthefreedom(osaytoafriend,urmsorryIhurtyou."Italsomeansbeingabletosay,“Yourwords/actionshurtme."Friendshipsthatstandthetestoftimehaveroomformistakes,andfbrrepair.Namehardtruths.Don'tdisappointyourfriend.Everyfriendmissesthemarksometimes.例題2：EaseYourselfIntoIt 17 .Thisisn'tnecessaryandit'stoohard—it'sbecausethey'renotgivingtheirbodytimetoeaseintoit.Ifyou'vebeeneatingmeatdaily(oralmostdaily)fbrmostofyourlife,thenyourbody'sgoingtobeabitconfusedwhenit'ssuddenlynotgettingitsregularfixofmeat.Thebestwayistograduallyreducemeatfromyourdiet.Ifyoueatmeat3mealsaday,dropitdownto2mealsforacoupleofweeks.Next,bringitdowntoamealadayforafewweeks.Afterthat,youcanalternate(交替)between“meatdays”and4inon-meatdays”,untilyou5recomfortablegoinglongstretcheswithouteatingmeat.HealthyfatscancomefromthingslikeoliveoilandpeanutsThebenefitsofaplant-basedlifestyleareseeminglyendlessAlotofpeoplefailbecausetheymovestraightupintoaplant-basedlifestyle例題3： 17 Whenyougotothestore,parkfarawayfromthedoorsoyoucanenjoyanicewalkonyourwaytotheshop.Whileyou'reshopping,lookfbrwaystoturnitintoaquickworkout.Ifyou'reshoppingonyourown,avoiddependingonyourcart,andtrytokeepyourpaceup.Whenyouhaveasparemoment,whynotdoleglifts?Asyougoaboutyourday,lookforchancestowalk.Themainproblemisthatyouhavenofreetime.例題4： 18 1(wasfinallydeclaredanationalholidayin1972.Ittookmorethan60yearsfrom(hebirthoftheideatoFather'sDayactuallybeingrecognizedasaholiday.Alothappenedtothreatentheparent-celebratingholidaysthen.Inthe1920sand1930s,therewasanationalmovementtogetridofbothMother'sandFather'sDayandreplacethemwithone“Parent'sDay”.Meanwhile,manyfathersdidn'twantsuchaholiday.Afterall,astheonlybreadwinnersatthetime,theydidn'tparticularlywanttheirhard-earnedcashspentonflowersandchocolates.Givethemanicedadgifttoshowhowmuchyouappreciatethem!Dodd,shomestateofWashingtoncelebratedFather'sDayin1910.TheGreatDepressionandWorldWarIIhelpedboosttheideaofFather'sDay.例題5： 40Youcanpreventbunioulfromoccurringagainbyknowinghowtolookoutforit.Thereareusuallysomeindicatorsthatyouareabouttoexperiencebumout.Whenyouspotthesesigns,takealookatyourlifeandmakesomepositiveadditions.Knowthewarningsigns.Makeleisuretimemeaningful.Remindyourselfofallyou'veaccomplished.例題6：Createasenseofprivacy.17_Ifyoufeel（hateveryonecanseeyou,andthereisnodefinedprivatearea,itmaynotseemlikeawelcomingspace.Therearcafewdifferentwaysyoucanaddressprivacy.Forexample,youcanusegreeneryliketrees（ocreateprivacy.Oneofthehottesttrendsofthemomentiswalllanterns.However,itdoesrequirecreativethinkingtomakethemostofit.Onecomplaintthathomeownershaveabouttheirgardenisalackofprivacy.例題7： 19Forexample,thepeopleofBUgandainpresent-dayUgandasaythattheirfirstancestorwasKintu,whocamefromthelandofthegodsandmarriedNambe,daughterofthekingofheaven.AnotherexampleistheDinkasofSudan,whobelievetheyaredescendedfromGarangandAbuk,thefirstmanandwomancreatedbyGodastinyclayfiguresinapot.FortheseAfricans,thehonoreddeadhavebecomenotonlyobjectsofworshipbutalsosubjectsoftalcsandlegends.Someofthedeadwillbecomespiritualancestorslivingintheirdescendants,hearts.AncestorworshipalsoplaysaverysignificantroleinthemythologiesofsomeAfricanpeoples.Theyhelpintimesoftroubleaslongastheirdescendantsperformproperritualsandpaythemduerespect.四：課后習(xí)題訓(xùn)練PassageAChristmasisapproaching.Thatmeansdrinkinghotchocolate,eatingaroastdinnerandmakingasnowman.一31一AustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere.Thatmeanswhenit'swinterintheNorthemHemisphere,it'ssummerinAustralia.Sothat'sright,youguessedit.ChristmastimeinAustraliaisaveryhotandsweatyaffair!OnChristmasDay,peopledon'tliketoeathotturkeysorheavymeals.TheyliketohaveaBBQandeatoutsideintheevening.Manyfamilieswillplaysportsandgamestogetherintheeveningtoo,enjoyingthecoolerweather. 32 3 Youcouldsaythatinawayitmakesthemfeelniceandcoolbecauseit,ssohot!TheystillhaveChristmastreesandSantastillwearswinterclothes.TheyknowhecomesfromtheNorthPole,whereit'scold,sothat'swhy.IusedtothinkSantamustlikecomingtoAustraliabecausemanyotherplaceshevisitsarejusttoocold!ButsomeChristmassongshavebeengivena“hot"twist（改編）. 34 Itchangedtheoriginallinefrom“Ohwhatfunitistorideinmyone-horseopensleigh（雪橇）“l(fā)o“ChristmasinAustraliaonascorchingsummer'sday”.SingingthesekindsofsongsisanicewaytoacknowledgetheuniquewaythatAustraliansspendChristmas.Oneyear.IwenttoCanada（oseesomerelativesalChristmaslime.OnthemorningofChristmas,Iwokeuptothesightoffreshsnowoutside.Iwassoexcited.twNowthisreallylookslikeChristmas,“Ithoughttomyself.5 So,nomatterwhetheryouarefreezingcoldorboilinghot,aslongasyourlovedonesarenearby,theChristmasspiritwillbethere.Still,theysingthesameChristinassongs,allaboutsnow.ThefollowingsarewhatAustraliansusuallydoatChristmas.Butofcourse,therealmeaningofChristmasistobewithyourlovedones.Peoplewholiveneartheoceanmightgotothebeachandplayonthesand.Forexample,thereisanAustralianversionofthefamousJingleBellscarol.1(isanicewaytoacknowledge(heuniquewaythatAustraliansspendChristmas.G.ButinAustralia,whereI'mfrom,mostpeopledon'tdothesethingsatChristinas.PassageBDoyouhaveanimportantorfavoritememoryfromthepast?Perhapsitwasclappingforgoals,orseeingrainbowpictureinthewindow.Sharedmemoriescanconnectyoutoothers.16Howdoesmemorywork?Scientistsbelievetherearetwolevelsofmemory.Oneisshort-termorworkingmemory,whichstaysinourbrainfbronly15-30seconds.Theotherlevelislong-termorpennanentmemory,whichcanbescoredfordays,orevenyears.Motor-skillmemorieshelpyourememberhowtorideabike;factualmemorieshelpyoutorememberfaces.Emotionalmemoriesrecallhowyoufeltaboutsomethingandcanbestrongandpowerful.Rememberingthesadnessofmissingyourfriendsduringlockdown,andbeinghappyandexcitedtoseethemagainafterwards,arcemotionalmemories.Theyarclongtermandcansometimeslastalifetime.Whyarememoriesimportant?Informationsuchaswhichschoolyougotoandwhoyourfriendsarcisstoredinsideyourbrain,readyforwhenyouneedit.Memoriescanalsohelpyoumanagefeelings.Heidi,12,toldTheWeek,"IfImissseeingmygrannyandgranddad,IrememberstayingwiththeminDevon.Itmakesmefecihappy,likewhenIwasthere.”“Whenpeoplethinkofsharedexperience,whatusuallycomestomindisbeingwithcloseothers,suchasfriendsorfamily,andtalkingwiththem,“EricaBoothby,asocial-psychologist,said.Bytellingafunnyorembarrassingstorywesharefeelingsofjoyorrecognitionofdifficultiesovercome.Bysharingsimilarornot-o-similarexperiences,weempathize(產(chǎn)生共鳴)withandunderstandoneanotherbetter. 19 KimRoberts,aprofessorwhorunstheChildMemoryLabinCanada,believesfocusingonhappymemorieswillhelpyoufeelmorepositive.20Robertssaysit'salsohelpfultorememberthatifyoumissedoutonyourlasttermatschool,orbirthdaycelebrations,thenyourfriendsdidtoo.Onedayyouwilllookbackonthisyearasanimportantmemorythatyouallshare.Whendomemoriesfade?Canmemorieshelpwell-being?Memoriestellyouthestoryofyourself.Emolionaimemoriesareusuallysadones.Thesetypesofmemoriescanbeshortorlongtemi.Ifyouhavedifficultmemories,though,itisimportantlotalkaboutthem.Bysharingourmemories,wecanfeelclosertootherpeopleandmorepositive.PassageCIfyouarethinkingaboutaskingforaraiseinsalary,thereareseveralthingstokeepinmind.First,considerwhetheryoudeserveahighersalary. 36 Sitdownandmakealistofyourjobaccomplishments.Beasspecificaspossible.Forexample,thinkaboutimportantprojectsyouhaveworkedon,thingsyouhavedonetoimprovetheorganizationofworkinyourdepartment,orhowyoureffortshavebroughtmoremoneytothecompany.Alsoincludeanyprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiesyouhavetakenadvantageofrecentlyandbereadytoexplainhowtheyhaveimprovedyourperformanceonthejob. 37 Bearinmindthatsalarj;levelsarebasednotonlyonperformancebu（alsoonthemarketfbryourparticularskills.Beforeyouaskforaraise,youneedtodosomeresearch.Youshouldinvestigatetheindustrystandardsforsalariesforpeopleinsimilarpositionswithsimilarlevelsofexperience. 38 Yourinitialrequestshouldactuallybeslightlyhigherthantheamountyouwantinordertoleavesomeroomfornegotiation.Then,ifyouhavetogolowerthanthisamount,youstillendupwithsomethingclosetowhatyouwant.9 Ifyouhaverecentlybeengivennewresponsibilities,itmakessensetoaskforahigherlevelofcompensation.Ontheotherhand,ifthecompanyisgoingthroughfinancialdifficulties,arequestfbrmoremoneywillprobablynotbemetwithafavorableresponse.Itwouldbebettertowaituntilthecompanyisinabetterfinancialposition.Finally,nevergivepersonalreasonsfbrwantingahighersalary.Yourneedtopayyourchild'scollegetuitionorbuyabiggerhouseisofnoconcerntoyourboss. 40 Thatiswhereyouneedtokeeptheconversation.Thiswillhelpyoudeterminewhatwouldbeareasonableamountofmoneytoaskfor.Skillsplayakeyroleinyoursalarylevel.Acrucialpointisthetimingofyourrequest.Everyoneiseagerforaraiseinsalary.Youprobablydo,butyoushouldbeabletoexplainexactlywhytoyourboss.Yoursalaiylevelshouldbebasedonprofessionalconsiderationsalone.Thenyouwillbebetterpreparedwhenyoumeetwithyourboss.PassageDUsingdatacollectedfromanonlinegame,mycolleaguesandIcouldanalysehowover850.000peoplelearnedtoplay. 36 Forthefirsttimeitshoweddctailcdlytheshapeofthelearningcurve,allowingustotestexistingtheoriesoflearning,andsuggestingsomenewideasonthebestwaystolearn.SpaceyourpracticeOuranalysisshowedpeopleleavinglongergapsbetweenpracticeattemptstendtoscorehigher.Infact,thelonger,thehigher.Ourfindingconfirmslotsofotherresearches:ifyouaretostudyeffectively,youshouldspreadoutyourrevisionratherthancramming（臨時(shí)抱佛腳）. 37 Butifyouareorganizedenough,youcanspendlesstimerevisingandremembermore.―38―Ourtheoryisthatthesepeopleareexploringhowthegameworksatthebeginning,ratherthantryingtogettheveryhighestscoretheycaneverytime.Themoralisclear:investsometimeintryingthingsout,whichmaymeanfailingoccasionally,ifyouwanttomaximizelearninginthelongrun.Practisethethingyou'llbetestedon9 Ifyourexaminvolveswriting,youneedtopractiseessay-writing.Justmemorizingthematerialisnotenough.Playinganonlinegameisaskill,soiswritingexamanswers.Youhavetopractisemakingthemsothatyoucanbettermasterthem.StructureinformationratherthanrememberingitTryingtorememberhasalmostnoeffectonwhetheryoudorememberitatall.Theimplicationforrevisionisclear. 40 Instead,youneedtoreorganizetheinformationintheapproachcalleddepthofprocessing—ausefulwaytoensurematerialgetsrootedinyourmemory,suchasthinkingabouthowwhatyou'rereadingrelatestoothermaterial,orpractisingwritinganswers,etc.Thisiseasiersaid(handone.Makesureyoufailoccasionally.Balancerevisionwithleisuretime.Justlookingatyournoteswon'thelpyoulearnthem.TheresultingscientificpaperhasjustbeenpublishedinPsychology.Thebigmistakemanystudentsmakeisnotpractisingwhattheywillbetestedon.Practisingscanninginformationisoneofthebestwaystoensureyourememberi(.PassageESendaThank-YouNoteIfyou'verecentlybeenhelpedinyourcareerorpersonaldevelopmentbysomeone,spendafewmomentsand 16 .Therespect,kindness,andpersonaltouchwillcreatealastingpositivemarkinyourfavorin(herecipient's(接受者)mind,whichcandonothingbuthelpyououtinthelongrun.ReadSomethingonTopicsYouPlanDon'twasteyourtimeonsomefashionmagazines;instead, 17 .Spendingyoursparetimeatworkbrowsingthewebcanbepotentially(潛在地)helpfulforyourcareer.PrepareSomeCommentsinAdvanceforYourNextMeetingIfyouwillgelameetinglater,lookali(asanopportunitytoshine. 18 andpreparesomenotesandthoughtsthatyoucanpresent.Ifyou'regoingtositthroughsomeone'spresentation,findoutwhatit'sgoingtobeaboutanddosomepreparationinadvancesoyoucanasksomegoodquestions.WorkonYourPublicSpeakingSkillsSearchfortheworkofgreatpublicspeakersontheinternet; 19 ,andpracticespeakingasoftenaspossible.You'lllearnagreatdealabouthowtopronounceandexpresswordstoinfluenceothers.—20―Notonlywillthiscreateabetterimpressionofyouintheeyesofothers,youmayalsocomeacrossimportantmaterialsthatyouthoughtwerelost.It'salsogoodtostartadocumentfilingsystemwhenyoudothis,soyoucanfindmaterialsquickly.CleanYourWorkAreaWorkonYourWritingSkillsdon'tforgettocallyourparentsDlistentothespeechesthatreallyinspireyouLookatwhatthemeetingagenda(議題)issendthatpersonahandwrittennotetothankhimorherGfindresourcesthatarerelatedtoyourjobandfocusonthemPassageFWeallknowthehardworkthatfilmmakersandactorsputintoprovideuswithentertainment. 1 .Fordecadesnow,filmstudioshaveusedso-calledtestscreeningstogetfeedbackfrommembersofthepublicbeforeamovieconiesout.Testaudiencemembersareusuallyaskedtofillinaquestionnaireafterascreening,tellingthefilmstudiowhattheylikedanddidn'tlike. 2 ,that's,tomeasuretestaudicnccs,reactionsbyusingspecialcamerasplacedinsidecinemas.Pairingthecameraswithcustomsoftware,thecompanycantrackwhateachaudiencememberisfeelingatanypointinthemovie,fromangertojoy. 3 .Thecamerascanseeinthedark,andthesoftwarecanfigureoutaperson5smoodbasedontheslightestoffacialexpressions.Ifshopedthatthisnewmethodwillallowmoredetailedfeedbackfromtestaudiences,becauseitcanaccuratelyreadtheirreactionsinreal-time.Testscreeningsarehighlyvaluedinthemovieindustry. 4 .ViewersofE.T.,theExtra-Terrestrial(1982),wouldhaveleftthecinemafeelingalotdifferentifitweren,tfbritstestaudience'sfeedback.€inonecutofthefilmthatwastested,E.T.diedinsteadofgoinghomeinhisspaceship.Youwon'tbesurprisedtohearthatthetestaudienceinquestiondidn'twarmtothisendingatall?,wrotemediawebsiteDenofGcck.,thecameraswon'tbeinstalledinpubliccinemas.Afterall,unlessyou'repartofatestaudience,beinginfrontofthecamerasisbestlefttothemoviestars.Inreality,notallofthepeoplearecontentwiththetestscreeningsThisworksbymapping68differentpointsoneachaudiencemember'sfaceAndseveralwell-knownmovieshavebeengreatlychangedfollowingfeedbackThespecialcamerasinpubliccinemaseasilygowrongandoftenfailtoworkButforthosewhoareconcernedaboutprivacyButitseemsthatevenmoviegoerslikeushaveabigimpactonhowamovieturnsouttooHowever,mediagiantDisneyhascomeupwithamorehigh-techsolutionPassageGHowtoBeaGoodApartmentNeighborFollowcommunityrulesforguestsandnoise.Someapartmentcommunitiespostrulesandguidelinesforwhenitisacceptabletomakenoise,whymayincludeplayingmusic,practicinganinstrument,orevenhammeringanailintothewall.Ifrulesareposted,followthoseguidelines.21Bemindfulofyourpets.Ifyourcommunityallowspets,you'llwanttobeespeciallymindfulofthenoisetheymake.22Makesuretocleanupafteryourpetinpublicareas.Don'tletyourdoggettooclosetoyourneighborsinthehallway,evenifheonlywantstobescratchedbehindtheears. 23 Doesyourapartmentcommunityhaverulesforentertaining,suchasturningdownthemusicafteracertainhour?Ifnot?followcommon-senseguidelinesandquietdownaround10pmonweekn