云南省楚雄市2021高考英語完形填空、閱讀理解一輪基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練(12)及答案

云南省楚雄市2021高考英語完形填空、閱讀理解一輪基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（12）及答案【考點(diǎn)剖析】[2021·安徽卷]閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,theveryfirstthingtothinkaboutiswhy.Doyouneeditfora__36__reason,suchasyourjoboryourstudies?__37__perhapsyou'reinterestedinthe__38__，filmsormusicofadifferentcountryandyouknowhowmuchitwillhelptohavea__39__ofthelanguage.Mostpeoplelearnbestusingavarietyof__40__，buttraditionalclassesareanideal(抱負(fù)的)startformanypeople.They__41__anenvironmentwhereyoucanpracticeunderthe__42__ofsomeonewho'sgoodatthelanguage.Wealllead__43__livesandlearningalanguagetakes__44__.Youwillhavemoresuccessifyoustudyregularly,sotrytodevelopa__45__.Itdoesn'tmatterifyouhaven'tgotlong.Becomingfluentinalanguagewilltakeyears,butlearningtogetbytakes__46__．Manypeoplestartlearningalanguageandsoongiveup.“I'mtoo__47__，”theysay.Yes,childrendolearnlanguagesmore__48__thanadults,butresearchhasshownthatyoucanlearnalanguageatany__49__.Andlearningisgoodforthehealthofyourbrain,too.I'vealsoheardpeople__50__aboutthemistakestheymakewhen__51__.Well,relaxandlaughaboutyourmistakes__52__you'remuchlesslikelytomakethemagain.Learninganewlanguageisnever__53__.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion,you'llmakeprogress.Andyou'llbe__54__bythepositivereactionofsomepeoplewhenyousayjustafewwordsin__55__ownlanguage.Goodluck!36．A.technicalB．politicalC．practicalD．physical37．A.AfterB．SoC．ThoughD．Or38．A.literatureB．transportC．a(chǎn)gricultureD．medicine39．A.viewB．knowledgeC．formD．database40．A.paintingsB．regulationsC．methodsD．computers41．A.protectB．changeC．respectD．provide42．A.controlB．commandC．guidanceD．pressure43．A.busyB．happyC．simpleD．normal44．A.courageB．timeC．energyD．place45．A.theoryB．businessC．routineD．project46．A.somerisksB．a(chǎn)lotlessC．somenotesD．a(chǎn)lotmore47．A.oldB．nervousC．weakD．tired48．A.closelyB．quicklyC．privatelyD．quietly49．A.ageB．speedC．distanceD．school50．A.worryB．hesitateC．thinkD．quarrel51．A.singingB．workingC．bargainingD．learning52．A.ifB．a(chǎn)ndC．butD．before53．A.tiresomeB．hardC．interestingD．easy54．A.blamedB．a(chǎn)mazedC．interruptedD．informed55．A.theirB．hisC．ourD．your【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文屬于談?wù)撐?，主要敘述了學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的意義，以及在學(xué)習(xí)過程中會(huì)遇到的一些困知，后一分句說的是“任何年齡的人都能學(xué)好外語”，故選A。50．A考查上下文規(guī)律關(guān)系。由下文“放松心情，對(duì)所犯錯(cuò)誤一笑而過”推斷，前文說的是“很多人擔(dān)閱讀下列短文,從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(2021·江西，D)Onemightexpectthattheevergrowingdemandsofthetouristtradewouldbringnothingbutgoodforthecountriesthatreceivetheholidaymakers.Indeed,arosypictureispaintedforthelongtermfutureoftheholidayindustry.Everymonthseesthebuildingofanewhotelsomewhere.AndeverymonthanotherrockboundPacificislandisadvertisedasthe‘lastparadise(天堂)onearth’.However,thescaleandspeedofthisgrowthseemsettodestroytheverythingstouristswanttoenjoy.Inthosecountrieswheretherewasarushtomakequickmoneyoutofseasideholidays,overcrowdedbeachesandtheconcretejunglesofendlesshotelshavebeguntolosetheirappeal.Thosecountrieswithlittleexperienceoftourismcansuffermost.Inrecentyears,Nepalsetouttoattractforeignvisitorstofunddevelopmentsinhealthandeducation.Itsforests,fullofwildlifeandrareflowers,wereofferedtotouristsasonemoreuntouchedparadise.Infact,thenaturealltoosoonfelttheeffectsofthousandsofholidaymakerstravelingthroughtheforestland.Ancienttracksbecamemajorroutesforthewalkers,withtheconsequentexploitationofprecioustreesandplants.Notonlycantheenvironmentofacountrysufferfromthesuddengrowthoftourism.Thepeopleaswellrapidlyfeelitseffects.Farmlandmakeswayforhotels,roadsandairports;theoldwayoflifegoes.Theonetimefarmerisnowtheservantofsomemultinationalorganization;heisnolongerhisownmaster.Onceitwashisbackthatborethepain;nowitishissmilethatisexploited.Nodoubthewonderswhetherhewasn'thappierinhisvillageworkinghisownland.Thankfully,thetouristindustryiswakinguptotheresponsibilitiesithastowardsthosecountriesthatreceiveitscustomers.Theprotectionofwildlifeandthecreationofnationalparksgohandinhandwithtouristdevelopmentandinfactobtainfinancialsupportfromtouristcompanies.Atthesametime,touristsarebeingencouragedtorespectnotonlythecountrysidetheyvisitbutalsoitspeople.Thewaytourismishandledinthenexttenyearswilldecideitsfateandthatofthecountriesweallwanttovisit.Theirneedsandproblemsaremoreimportantthanthoseofthetouristcompanies.Increasedunderstandinginplanningworldwidetourismcanpreservethemarketforthesecompanies.Ifnot,inafewyears'timetheverythingsthatattracttouristsnowmaywellhavebeendestroyed.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。客觀地說明旅游業(yè)造成的問題及其旅游業(yè)的進(jìn)展方向。16．WhatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastsentenceofParagraph1?A．ThePacificislandisaparadise. B．ThePacificislandisworthvisiting.C．Theadvertisementisnotconvincing. D．Theadvertisementisnotimpressive.答案：C推理推斷題。第一段描述旅游公司對(duì)景點(diǎn)“天堂”秀麗的廣告宣揚(yáng)，但是后文However一詞的轉(zhuǎn)折意味標(biāo)明作者對(duì)此廣告的不信任，故選C。17．TheexampleofNepalisusedtosuggest________.A．itsnaturalresourcesareuntouched B．itsforestsareexploitedforfarmlandC．itdevelopswellinhealthandeducationD.itsuffersfromtheheavyflowoftourists答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段首先點(diǎn)明旅游業(yè)閱歷少的國(guó)家患病損失最大這一觀點(diǎn)。然后以尼泊爾這個(gè)國(guó)家例證?？忌?jiǎn)潔誤選B，而文中提到的是，為了給旅游行走者供應(yīng)路線，一些貴重的樹木被砍伐。18．WhatcanwelearnaboutthefarmersfromParagraph4?A．Theyarehappytoworktheirownlands.B．Theyhavetopleasethetouristsforaliving.C．Theyhavetostrugglefortheirindependence. D．Theyareproudofworkinginmultinationalorganizations.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段和farmer做定位。Theonetimefarmeris...之后有一句話Onceitwashisbackthatborethepain;nowitishissmilethatisexploited.“曾經(jīng)承受苦痛的是他的背脊，而現(xiàn)在是他被開發(fā)出來的微笑?！币罁?jù)感情顏色首先排解A、D。文章只提及不再是仆人，C選項(xiàng)追求獨(dú)立是過分推斷。因此選B。19．Whichofthefollowingdeterminesthefutureoftourism?A．Thenumberoftourists.B．Theimprovementofservices.C．Thepromotionofnewproducts.D．Themanagementoftourism.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題中關(guān)鍵詞為determinesthefutureoftourism，是文中尾段首句decideitsfate的同義改寫。依據(jù)整句翻譯，打算命運(yùn)的是Thewaytourismishandled中的handled與選項(xiàng)中的management對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選D。20．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthetouristindustryis________.A．optimistic B．doubtful C．objective D．negative答案：C主旨大意題(作者態(tài)度)。通讀全文可知，作者提出旅游業(yè)造成的問題，進(jìn)而提到各旅游公司的覺醒，特殊是尾段最終兩句Increasedunderstandinginplanningworldwide...ifnot...作者既表明白對(duì)旅游業(yè)現(xiàn)狀的信念，又表明白對(duì)其將來的擔(dān)憂。所以作者以客觀的態(tài)度說事，不能單方面地選擇樂觀、懷疑或消極。閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引發(fā))thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近紅外線)onthedruginthecapsule. Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外線)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges. ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer. SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反應(yīng)的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight-absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbe