02（人工智能ChatGPT中學(xué)生新一代“芯”希望 中小學(xué)勞動(dòng)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無(wú)人氣球事件等）-沖刺2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)必讀（原卷版）

2023年中考英語(yǔ)必讀時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)(2)文章導(dǎo)讀一、閱讀理解：香港回歸祖國(guó)二十五周年，取得哪些長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。二、閱讀理解：小小芯片，撬動(dòng)了世界。那么你對(duì)芯片了解多少？三、閱讀理解：未來(lái)可期！中學(xué)生立志成為新一代“芯”希望四、閱讀理解：有“創(chuàng)意”的人工智能ChatGPT火爆全網(wǎng),它究竟厲害在哪里？五、閱讀回答問(wèn)題:中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)蹴鞠進(jìn)校園。這鼓勵(lì)著我去推廣這項(xiàng)古老的運(yùn)動(dòng)六、閱讀理解：去年教育提提出加強(qiáng)中小學(xué)生勞動(dòng)教育。2022年秋又實(shí)施勞動(dòng)教育的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。語(yǔ)法填空：美方對(duì)無(wú)人飛艇誤入領(lǐng)空反應(yīng)過(guò)度，中方強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。八、書(shū)面表達(dá):傳統(tǒng)文化是國(guó)家和民族的靈魂，是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力和源泉。作為新時(shí)代的少年，我們肩負(fù)弘揚(yáng)傳統(tǒng)文化，傳承中華美德的重任。一、閱讀理解OnJuly1,1997,HongKongwasformally(正式)handedbacktoChinaafteryearsofBritishcolonialrule(殖民統(tǒng)治).Atthesametime,theHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion(HKSAR，香港特別行政區(qū))ofthePRCwassetup.Lastyearmarked(標(biāo)志)the25thanniversaryofHongKong’sreturntothemotherland.Overthepast25years,HongKonghasseenhugechangesinmanyaspects

(方面)underthesupportofthecentralgovernment.●SportsAtthe2020TokyoSummerOlympics,EdgarCheungKa-long(張佳朗),fromHongKong,wonHongKong’sfirstgoldmedalsincethehandover.HissuccessshowsthefastdevelopmentofHongKongsports.HongKongfirstcompetedattheOlympicsin1952.Butitdidn’twinitsfirstmedaluntil1996.ItsbestperformancesofarwasattheTokyoOlympics.●ArtSinceitsreturntothemotherland,museumsandartgalleries(美術(shù)館)inHongKonghavesprungup(涌現(xiàn))likemushroomsafterrain.MainlandgalleriesbegancomingtoHongKongin2008.InternationalgalleriescametoHongKong,too.Famousauctionhouses(拍賣(mài)行)havealsosetupofficesinHongKong.●EducationEducationisthekeytotrainingtalents.Sincethehandover,educationfunding(資金)hasgoneupandfreeeducationhasbeenextended(擴(kuò)展)fromnineyearsto15years.Anextrayearofstudywasaddedtotheundergraduatecurriculum

(課程),whichismainlydevoted

(致力于)togeneraleducation.Thenumberofcollegestudentshasincreasedbyone-third.

1.In2022,howmanyyearswasitsinceHongKongreturnedtoChina?A.23years.

B.24years.

C.25years.D.26years.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutHongKongsports?A.HongKongfirstcompetedattheOlympicsin1996.

B.HongKongsportshaveseenhugechangessince1997.C.HongKonghaditsbestperformancesofarattheTokyoOlympics.

D.EdgarCheungKa-longwonHongKong’sfirstmedalsincethehandover.

3.HowisthedevelopmentofartinHongKongsinceitsreturn?

A.Itisfast-growing.

B.Itisoutdated.

C.Itisindependent.

D.Itisnewborn.

4.WhyhasthenumberofcollegestudentsinHongKongincreasedalot?①Becauseeducationfundinghasgoneup.②Becausefreeeducationhasbeenextended.③Becausecollegeeducationisfree.④BecausepeopleinHongKongarerich.A.①②

B.①③

C.②③

D.③④5.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HongKongfacesnewchallengesB.SeeHongKong’sgrowthC.HongKongcomeshome

D.WhereHongKongwillgo二、閱讀理解Amicrochip(芯片)issmallerthanyourfingernail.ButItisoneofthemostimportantinventionsinhumanhistory.Almostallmodernproductsusechiptechnology.Whataremicrochips?

Microchipsareverysmallelectronicdevices(設(shè)備)peopleusetostoreanddealwithinformation.Amicrochipisasetofinterconnectedelectroniccomponents(互聯(lián)的電子元件)thatareimprinted(刻)onaverysmallchip.Asmicrochipshavesomanyconnectedcomponents,theyarealsocalledintegratedcircuits(集成電路).Therearetwomajortypesofmicrochips:logic(邏輯)chipsandmemorychips.Logicchipsarethe“brains”ofelectronicdevices–theydealwithinformationtocompleteatask.Memorychipsstoreinformation.

ApplicationandimportanceMicrochipsareineverythingelectricalfromcomputerstocellphones,TVs,cameras,cars,airplanes,appliances(家用電器)andmedicalequipment.MicrochipsarealsousedinGPStrackingdevicesandidentificationcards(身份證)andareusedtokeeptrackofactivitiesandinformation.

Microchipstakeandprocessdigitalinformationandmakeitusablestraightaway.Forexample,aCentralProcessingUnit(CPU),orprocessor,isthemainchipinacomputer.It’sresponsibleforcarryingoutallthecomputer’stasks.

Whataremicrochipsmadefrom?

Themainingredient(材料)formakingmicrochipsissilicon(硅).It’sachemicalelement(化學(xué)元素)thatcanbefoundinrocks,sand,clayandsoil.Siliconisasemiconductor(半導(dǎo)體),meaningthatitsconductiveproperties(導(dǎo)電性)canbeincreasedbymixingitwithothermaterials.Thismakesitpossibletoturnanelectricalcurrent(電流)onoroff.

Thesiliconusedtomakemicrochipsmostlycomesfromsilicasand,madeofsilicondioxide(二氧化硅).Helpfully,it’severywhere!It’sthesecondmostcommonelementonEarthafteroxygen(氧氣).Howsmallcanmicrochipsbe?Onemicrochipissmallerthanabuttononyourshirtbutithasbillionsoftransistors.Soit’seasytounderstandjusthowsmallthefeaturesonachipneedtobe.Chipfeaturesaremeasuredinnanometers(納米).Ananometerisonebillionth(十億分之一)ofameter.Mostcomputerchipstodayuse10-nanometeror7-nanometerprocesstechnology,whilesomemanufacturersproduce5-nanometerchips.IBMhascreateda2-nanometerchip,thesmallestintheworld.

1.Whatisanothernameformicrochips?A.Potatochips.

B.Transistors.

C.Resistors.D.Integratedcircuits.

2.Whatcanmemorychipsdo?A.Processinformation.B.Storeinformation.C.Starttasks.D.Completetasks.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisright?A.Ananometerisonebillionmeters.B.CPUcan’tfinishallthecomputer’stasks.C.TherearechipsinidentificationcardsD.Sofarone-nanometerchiphasbeenproduced.4.Whatdoesthearticletellus?A.Howchipsareproduced.B.Wherechipscomefrom.C.Whatarechipsandtheirimportanceandapplication.D.Howtousechips.三、閱讀理解Youmightthinkthatchipdesignisajobmeantonlyforresearchers’,butteenagerscantakeparttoo.OnAug28,atechnologyforum(論壇)aboutchipswasheldbytheInstituteofComputingTechnologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS,中科院).Amongallthepresenters(發(fā)言人)(whoweremainlyfromcollege),twohighschoolstudentsstoodout.TheywereYanYusongandHuangYi’anfromBeijing101MiddleSchool.BothofthemjoinedtheIntegratedCircuit(IC)Laboratory,whichwassetupbytheschoolandtheInstituteofComputingTechnologyoftheCASinMarch.Theyhavesharedacommongoal–tograduatefromhighschoolwithchipsthattheyhavedesignedthemselves.AccordingtoYan,chipdesignanddevelopmentrequiresdeepknowledgeofmathandcomputerscience.“Weneedtolearnmath,especiallydiscretemathematics(離散數(shù)學(xué))well.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinbuildingthelogicalstructure(邏輯結(jié)構(gòu))ofthechipatamicrolevel.Atamacrolevel,weshouldknowaboutcomputerarchitecturedesign,thatis,howacomputerworks,likeVonNeumannarchitecture(馮諾依曼架構(gòu)),”Aspiritofscientificexplorationisalsosomethingtheycan’tdowithout.Studentsinthelaboratoryarefreetodoself-studybasedontheirownneedsandinterests.Mostimportantly,they’reencouragedtosolveproblemsbythemselves.“Iftheproblemsremainunresolved(未解決的)afterItriedhard,IwouldthenturntomytutorsfromtheCASforhelp,whoarealwaystheretogivemepatientguidance(指導(dǎo)),”saidYan.Inthisway,Huanghaslearnedalotaboutdigitalcircuits(數(shù)字電路),microelectronics(微電子學(xué))andmore.“Ithastrainedmetothinklikeanengineer,”hesaid.ThisshowsthattheChinesegovernmentistryingtodeveloplocaltalentsinthesemiconductorindustry.In2020,theStateCouncilsaidyestotheestablishment(建立)ofanICuniversityprogram.ThehopeisthatmoresupportwillgotoICeducation.Asforhisfutureplans,Yansaid,“I’llcontinuetobroaden(擴(kuò)寬)myvision(視野)inuniversityandtrymybesttocontribute(貢獻(xiàn))tohumansociety!”1.WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologyforumonAug28?A.Teenagerscannottakepartintheforum.B.ItwasheldbytheChineseAcademyofSciences.C.Mostofthepresenterswerefromhighschools.D.Thepresentersoftheforumwillworktogethertomakeachip.2.WhatisthesharedgoalbetweenYanYusongandHuangYi’an?A.Toselltheirownchipstosupportaschool.B.TotakepartintheIClabattheiruniversity.C.Tosetupalaboratoryfortheirschool.D.Tograduatewithchipstheydesignedthemselves.3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howtolearndiscretemathematics.B.Thelogicalstructureofchips.C.Whatchipdesignersneedtolearn.D.Therelationshipbetweenmathandcomputers.4.WhatistheICuniversityprogramfor?A.ToworkwithothercountriestodevelopICs.B.Toencouragemoreengineerstoworkinlabs.C.TosupportICeducationinChina.D.ToattractmoreICtalentsfromabroad.四、閱讀理解Typein“Acatwantstogotospace”andaskChatGPTtowriteabedtimestory.Justonesecondlater,you’llgetthestoryofMax,whoclawedhiswaypastmanydifficultiestosingamongthestars.DevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI,ChatGPThastakentheinternetbystorm,winning100millionuserssinceitcameoutinNovember2022.Peoplecanasktherobottowritestoriesandemails,createrecipes(食譜),translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.Initsownwords,itis“alanguagemodeltrainedininternettexttohelpusersgethuman-liketext.”ComparedwithSiriorotherchatbots(聊天機(jī)器人),ChatGPTusesamuchbiggerdatabase(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))fortraining.Italsousesstrongersoftwareandhardwaretolearnthingsbyitself.Forexample,ifitprovidesawronganswertoyourquestion,youcantellittherightoneanditwillmakecorrections.“It’satotallydifferentproduct,”computerscientistLiuXiaoguangfromNankaiUniversitytoldTianjinDaily.“TheknowledgelevelChatGPTshowsisequaltoanundergraduate(本科生)student.That’swhyitshockedtheworld.”ButonebigproblemwithChatGPTisthatitmakesmistakesorevengivesfake(虛假的)information.WhenRezza,a28-year-oldfromIndonesia,usedtherobottowriteanessay,it“gaveoutnonexistentacademiccitations(不存在的學(xué)術(shù)引用)”,hetoldTheGuardian.Sincetherobotistrainedusingwordsfromtheinternet,itcanalsopickupontheinternet’sbiases(偏見(jiàn))aboutcertaingroups.Theseareallthingsthatneedtobedealtwith.1.Thecatstorywaswrittento_____.A.showwhatcreativeworkChatGPTcandoB.introduceacatthatwantstogotospaceC.introduceaseriesofbedtimebooksD.showhowrobotscreatestories2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanChatGPTdo?A.Makedishes.B.Singsongs.C.Translatetexts.D.Createnewlanguages.

3.WhatmakesChatGPTanexcellentchatbot?a.Itcanlearnthingsbyitself.b.Ithasabigdatabasefortraining.c.Itwon’tgivepeoplewronganswers.d.Itissmarterthananyundergraduatestudent.A.ab

B.ac

C.bc

D.bd

4.WhydoesChatGPTmakemistakes?A.Itlikesfakeinformationmore.B.Someofitsyounguserscannotuseitcorrectly.

C.Itscreatordoesn’tknowalltheanswers.

D.Itmaypickupwronginformationontheinternet.五閱讀理解ThoughtheFIFAWorldCupcametoanendinDecember2022,thepeopleofaparticular(特別的)cityinChinawerebusymakingsoccerhistoryoftheirown.ZiboinShandongprovinceiscalled“thehomeofsoccerball”,beingthebirthplaceoftheancientChinesesportofcuju.Cujuwonrecognition(認(rèn)可)fromsoccer’sgoverningbody,FIFA,astheearliestformofsoccerin2004.“Side-flicking(葉底摘桃)”,“chestdown(燕歸巢)”and“shoulderstopper(雙肩背月)”aresomeofthekeymovesmastered(掌握)bycujuplayers.LiWeipeng,34,fromLinzidistrictofZibocityisaseventh-generationinheritor(傳承人)ofcuju.Hehasbeenpracticingtheseskillsfor18years.Masteringdifferentcujuskillsisnoteasy.“Atthebeginning,Ispenteighthoursadaypracticingjuggling(顛)aball.Itwastiring,”LitoldChinaDaily.Heisnowabletojuggleaballwithhisfootover10,000timesinarow(連續(xù)地).TeachingstudentscujumovesisapartofLi’sjob.ThetraditionalChinesesportcujuisnowpopularatprimaryandmiddleschoolsinLinzi.Itsmoveshavebeenadapted(改編)intodancesandmorningexercises.“Studentsshowgreatinterestinplayingcuju,whichencouragesmetopromote(推廣)theancientsport,”LitoldChinaDaily.Moreover,cujuhasalsobecomeaplatformforculturalexchanges.DuringtheWorldCupinQatar,LiintroducedcujuataChina-QataryouthexchangeactivityheldinDoha.HeledChineseandQatariyouthplayers,wearingtraditionalcujucostumes(服裝),toexperiencetheancientgame.“Assoonaswestarted,manysoccerfansgatheredaroundus.Whenweplayedoutthedifferentmoves,theycheeredforusandgaveusthethumbs-up,”saidLi,addingthatmanypeoplewerecuriousandwantedtointeract(交流)withthecujuplayers.1.Whereisthebirthplaceofcuju?2.HowoldwasLiWeipengwhenhebegantolearncuju?3.HowdidLiWeipengfeelwhenhefirstpracticedjugglingaball?4.WhatencouragesLitopromotecuju?5.WhatdidLidoinDohatopromoteculturalexchange?六、閱讀理解Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookhasbecomeamust.Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmaintainhomeappliances(修理家電)undernewrequirementsforlaboreducation.TheMinistryofEducation(MOE)broughtoutanewstandardforlaboreducationinschoolslastyear.Startingfromthe2022fallsemester,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshavetotakecoursesonlaborskillsatleastonceaweek.Laboreducationhelpsstudentsvaluehardwork.Itincludesthingslikehouseholdchores(家務(wù)),on-campuslaborandcommunityvolunteerservices.Thenewstandardsincludethreetypesoflabortasks.Thefirstisforthingslikeeverydaychores,includingcleaning,organizing,cooking,andusingandmaintaininghomeappliances.Nextisproductivelabor,includingagriculture,makingtraditionalhandicrafts,andapplyingnewtechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandlasercutting(激光切割).Thethirdtypeisservicework,whichincludesvolunteerwork.SchoolsinChinahavetraditionallyplacedmorefocusonstudying,andmanyhaveseenhouseholdchoresasawasteofchildren’stime.ButaccordingtotheMOE,laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentscultivate(培養(yǎng))socialvaluesanddevelopaninterestinlabor.Online,peoplehavebeenbusydiscussingthenewstandardsonsocialmedia.

LiuFang,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinBeijing,stronglysupportslaboreducation.Forthepastyear,shehastrainedherdaughterstodohouseholdchoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Themainideaistoletthemshareresponsibilityasfamilymembersandbecomeindependentasearlyastheycan,”saidLiu.“Throughdoinghousework,theirhand-eyecoordination(協(xié)調(diào)),timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedandit’salsogoodtohelpthemrelax.”Throughsucheducation,Liusaidhertwinshavefoundfunindoingchoresandaremoreindependent.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewlaboreducationstandard?A.Itisforstudentsfromprimaryschooltocollege.

B.Studentscangetextracreditsfortakinglaborcourses.

C.Itstartedinthefallsemesterof2022.

D.Studentshavetotakethreelaborcourseseveryweek.2.Whatcanstudentslearnthroughlaboreducation?a.Howtoplantvegetables.

b.Howtoraisechickensorducks.

c.Howtobemorefocusedinclass.

d.Howtofixcomputersorfridges.A.abc

B.abd

C.bcd

D.acd3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Whystudentsshouldreceivelaboreducation.

B.WhatlaboreducationwaslikeinChinainthepast.

C.Thetypesoflaboreducationincludedinthenewstandard.D.Howstudentsfindabalancebetweentheirstudyandlabortasks.

4.WhatdoesLiuFangthinkoflaboreducation?A.It’stoosimpleforstudents.

B.Itisn’tfunenoughforstudents.

C.Ittakesuptoomuchofstudents’freetime.D.Ithelpsstudentsdevelopdifferentskills.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Newcoursesforprimaryschoolstudents.

B.Laboreducationforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.C.Waystocultivatestudents’socialvalues.D.Newtechnologiesusedinprimaryandmiddleschools.

七、語(yǔ)法填空AChineseunmannedairship(無(wú)人飛艇)1.__________(see)intheairspace(領(lǐng)空)abovetheUnitedStatesearlythismonths.TheChineseForeignMinistryconfirmed2.____________Feb3thattheairshipisfromChina.Itisacivilianairship3.________isusedformeteorological(氣象的)research.Itflewfarfrom4._________(it)plannedcoursebecause5._______windsfromthewestanditslimitedself-steering(自動(dòng)控制)6._________(able).However,someUSpoliticians(政客)andmediaorganizations7.________(call)theairshipa“spy(