英語句子成分

MEMBERSOFTHESENTENCE句子成分

CONTENTS句子是由詞按照一定語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的。組成句子各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分，包括：

主語（subject），謂語（predicate），表語（predicative），賓語（object），定語（attribute），狀語（adverbial），補(bǔ)語（complement），同位語（appositive）主語和謂語是句子的主體部分英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)

S十V十O十C主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；C＝賓語補(bǔ)足語

1.主語+謂語S+V1．S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi．)。例如：Herunsquickly．

Theylistenedcarefully．

Hesufferedfromcoldandhunger．

Chinabelongstothethirdworldcountry．

Thegashasgivenout．

Myinkhasrunout．2.主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語S+V+P

在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(linkv．)，常見的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fallill/asleep，stand/sitstill，become，turn等。例如：Heisolderthanhelooks．Thestorysoundsinteresting．

Thedeskfeelshard．

Theflowerssmellsweetandnice．

Youhavegrowntallerthanbefore．。

Hestoodquitestill．

Hebecomesateacherwhenhegrewup．3.主語+謂語+賓語S+V+O

在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt．)，因此有賓語。例：Isawafilmyesterday．Haveyoureadthestory?

Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily．

Theybuiltahouselastyear．

They'veputupafactoryinthevillage．4.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語S+V+O1+O2

在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞。常見的須帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：Hegavemeabook/abooktome．

Hebroughtmeapen/apentome．

Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+C

在此句式中，V是有賓語補(bǔ)足語的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞Theymadethegirlangry．。

Theyfoundherhappythatday．

Ifoundhimout.Isawhimin．

Theysawafootmarkinthesand．

TheynamedtheboyCharlie．

Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．

分析下列句子成分

1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.Iloveyoumorethanher．

8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.主語(subject)的表示方法1.名詞作主語

David

arrived

last

night.

Pride

goes

before

a

fall.

2.代詞作主語

Who

is

speaking,

please?

That's

OK.

3.數(shù)詞作主語

Two

will

be

enough.

Two-thirds

of

the

workers

are

women.

4、ing形式（動(dòng)名詞）作主語Skatingisgoodexercise.Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.5、不定式作主語Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork.6、名詞化的形容詞作主語Theblindandthelamearewellcaredforinourcountry.The

unemployed

usually

lead

a

hard

life.7、短語（詞組）作主語Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy.8、從句作主語Whathashappenedprovesthatourpolicyisright.Whetherwe'llgodependsontheweather.9、副詞、介詞短語作主語Slowlyisexactlyhowhespeaks.Between8and9willsuitme.10、it作形式主語Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞或主語從句作主語時(shí)，通常把它們放在謂語動(dòng)詞前，而用it作形式主語，放到句首，常見句型有：1.It+be+形容詞+主語從句，如：ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sbirthdaypartyornot.2.It+be+名詞詞組+主語從句，這類名詞有：afact,apity,ashame,anhonour，aquestion等，如：It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillcomeornot.3.It+be+過去分詞+主語從句，這類過去分詞有：announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等，如：Itisreportedthat16peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.Itisnotdecidedwhowillgivetheoperationtothepatient.It作形式主語常見句型

4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞(seem,appear,happen等)+主語從句,這類不及物動(dòng)詞有：appear,happen,seem等，如：Itseemedthathedidn’ttellthetruth.IthappenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.5.It+be+形容詞+forsb.+動(dòng)詞不定式這類句型常用形容詞easy,difficult,hard,important,possible，wise等作表語，有時(shí)候?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，常在不定式前加forsb，如：It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguage.Itisunwisetogivethechildrenwhatevertheywant.這類形容詞有：easy,difficult,hard,important,possible，wise6.It+be+形容詞+ofsb.+動(dòng)詞不定式，這類形容詞常是表示心理品質(zhì),性格特征的形容詞，如：kind,nicestupid,clever,foolish,polite,impolite,silly,selfish,considerate等。某人和這些形容詞可以構(gòu)成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewiththework.=Youarekindtohelpme.Itseemedselfishofhimnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.=Heseemedselfishnottosharehisdictionarywithothers.It作形式主語常見句型

7.It+be+名詞詞組+動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate.8.It+be+名詞或形容詞+動(dòng)名詞，這類名詞和形容詞常常是：good,nogood,nouse,awasteof,useless,senseless等，如：It’sawasteoftimetalkingtoheranymore.Itisnousearguingaboutthematterwithhim.9.It+take(sb.)+時(shí)間（金錢）+動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Ittooktheworkersalmostthreeyearstofinishbuildingthedam.Itwilltakeawholedaytogettothetopofthemountainonfoot.謂語（predicate）謂語是對(duì)主語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”.

謂語動(dòng)詞的位置一般在主語之后。謂語由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，依據(jù)其在句中繁簡程度可把謂語分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語兩類。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語,連系動(dòng)詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語,助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式(如：原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構(gòu)成：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞+表語、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式?1.Hisparentsareteachers.(_______________________)

2.Thesunrisesintheeast.(_______________________)rises實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。areteachers系動(dòng)詞+表語。3.Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(______________________________)4.Yououghttoworkharder.(______________________________)oughttowork情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。havefinished助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。

5.Ifeltcold.(___________________________)6.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.(___________________________)doesn’tlike助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。feltcold連系動(dòng)詞+表語?！髑閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.賓語(object)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。

賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、-ing分詞、從句等。(能做主語的詞)1．名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：

Drywoodcatchesfireeasily．

Generalquestionscan’tpuzzlethecleverboy．

2．代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：

Wecaninvitethemtoourparty．

Ifyoudon’tknowtheway，askher．賓語（object）3．副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：

Theathleteslefttherejustnow．4．不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如：

Remembertobringyourcellphone．5．-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：

Youwon’tforgetattendinghisfarewellconcert．

Theystoppedsmokingatlast．6．從句充當(dāng)賓語。如：

Doyouknowhowseriousthesituationis?Idon’tunderstandwhatyoumean．?dāng)?shù)詞及其短語Ihaveoneortwo.theylaidoffone-thirdoftheworkers.8.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）Isawhimgoout.Hefoundherlyingonthefloor.

雙賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語:直接賓語(DirectObject)和間接賓語(IndirectObject),

稱為雙賓語.這兩個(gè)賓語往往一個(gè)指人(一般為間接賓語),另一個(gè)指物(一般為直接賓語).間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前.Hegave

me

abook.

間接賓語直接賓語有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語,也可將間接賓語后置,并在其前加上介詞to或for.Hegaveabooktome.

Heboughtthisbookforme.表語主要用于表述主語的特征，狀態(tài)，身份等。它位于連系動(dòng)詞后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。表語（predicative）Addyourtitle表示狀態(tài)AddyourtitleAddyourtitleAddyourtitle感官系動(dòng)詞變得be一直保持keep，remain，stay看起來，似乎seem，appearlook,sound,smell,taste,feelbecome,turn,fall,grow,get,go,come,run各個(gè)成分的功能各個(gè)成分的功能系動(dòng)詞名詞

Hisfatheris

ateacher.b.

代詞

Thisbookis

mine.c.

形容詞或分詞短語

Theleavesturn

yellow

inautumn.Theteacherwas

satisfied

withyourwork.Thestoryisvery

interesting.d.

數(shù)詞

Oneplusoneis

two.e.動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語

Myjobis

lookingafterher.

Whatwewanttodonowis

(to)liedownandrest.f.副詞或介詞短語

Sorry,myfatherisn’t

in.

Tomis

inShanghai

now.g.從句

Thequestionis

whyweshouldputoffthemeeting.各個(gè)成分的功能定語:(attribute)定語：修飾主語、賓語和表語形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、數(shù)詞、代詞、句子等都可以用來充當(dāng)定語。在翻譯時(shí)往往譯為“……的”Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.后置定語Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.有一些難題要處理．這是一節(jié)生動(dòng)有趣的課．前置定語形容詞

Newtonisa

famous

scientist.b.名詞

Let’slistentothe

weather

forecastfirst.c.動(dòng)名詞

Ourschoolisgoingtobuilda

swimming

pool.d.分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式短語

Theboysittingunderthetreeismybrother.Ihavenopen

towritewith.e.介詞短語或副詞

Ihaven’tgotthesolutiontotheproblem.Iusedtoliveintheroomabove.f.從句

ThemanwhoiscomingtowardusismyEnglishteacher.狀語:(adverbial)狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分為時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，結(jié)果，目的，條件，讓步，程度，方式，伴隨狀況等。副詞

Whocanwritebeautifully?b.介詞短語

We’reg