專題03 冠詞-小學(xué)語法精講精練（附口訣、練習(xí)和答案）

小學(xué)語法小學(xué)語法精講精練專題03冠詞思考引入思考引入 什么是冠詞啊?什么是冠詞啊?"冠"在中文里是帽子的意思,而冠詞總是位于名詞前面,就像戴在名詞頭上的帽子,所以被稱為冠詞。"冠"在中文里是帽子的意思,而冠詞總是位于名詞前面,就像戴在名詞頭上的帽子,所以被稱為冠詞。那名詞前面可以隨便戴帽子嗎?那名詞前面可以隨便戴帽子嗎?當(dāng)然不行了。英語中的冠詞分三種,定冠詞the、不定冠詞a當(dāng)然不行了。英語中的冠詞分三種,定冠詞the、不定冠詞a/an零冠詞。今天我們就來看看什么樣的名詞要戴帽子,以及給名詞戴什么樣的帽子。知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)概覽知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講一、定冠詞the定冠詞the主要表示“特指”。1.用于表示時(shí)期、年代、世紀(jì)的名詞或數(shù)詞前inthe1970s在20世紀(jì)70年代the18thcentury18世紀(jì)2.用于表示具體的地點(diǎn)、方位和時(shí)間前ontheright在右邊inthemorning在早上intheeast在東方3.用于特定的名稱前theWestLake西湖theEiffelTower埃菲爾鐵塔theSpringFestival春節(jié)4.用于表示特定的人或物，以區(qū)別同類中的其他人或物Thepencilisnotmine.這支鉛筆不是我的。Thegirlinredismysister.穿紅色衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。5.用于談話雙方都知道的人或物前Keysareunderthetable.鑰匙在桌子下面。Dadiscookinginthekitchen.爸爸正在廚房做飯。6.用于前面已提到過的人或物前Iboughtabook.Thebookisveryfunny.我買了一本書。這本書很有趣。Tomsentmeapostcard.Thepostcardisverybeautiful.湯姆給我寄了一張明信片。這張明信片很漂亮。7.用于西洋樂器前Jennycanplaythepiano.珍妮會(huì)彈鋼琴。Hewillplaytheviolinattheparty.他要在派對(duì)上演奏小提琴。8.用于序數(shù)詞前Myfamilyliveonthefifthfloor.我們一家住在五樓。SheisthefirstgirlmetinBeijing.她是我在北京遇見的第一個(gè)女孩。9.用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前Birdsflyinthesky.鳥兒在天空中飛翔。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。10.用于形容詞的最高級(jí)前Heisthetallestboyinourclass.他是我們班最高的男孩。YangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.長江是中國最長的河流。11.用于某些形容詞前，表示一類人theblind=theblindpeople盲人Theblindaresensitiveaboutsound.盲人對(duì)聲音很敏感。thepoor=thepoorpeople窮人Weshouldraisesomemoneytohelpthepoor.我們應(yīng)該籌一些錢去幫助窮人。12.用于表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人TheSmithsliveinLondon.史密斯一家住在倫敦。TheWhiteswillcometoChinanextweek.懷特一家下周會(huì)來中國。13.用于固定搭配中bytheway順便說一下allthetime一直intheend終于；最后atthesametime同時(shí)熱身小練①翻一翻。請(qǐng)你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.我喜歡早上跑步。__________________________________________________2.我會(huì)彈吉他。__________________________________________________3.格林(Green)一家都是我的朋友。__________________________________________________4.俄羅斯(Russia)是世界上最大的國家。__________________________________________________答案：1.Ilikerunninginthemorning.2.Icanplaytheguitar.3.TheGreensaremyfriends.4.Russiaisthebiggest/largestcountryintheworld.二、不定冠詞a/an不定冠詞主要泛指一類人、事物或同類事物中的某一個(gè)。a用于以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。abook一本書anorange一個(gè)橙子1.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示數(shù)量“1”Ihaveapen.我有一支筆。Ihaveanapple.我有一個(gè)蘋果。2.用于泛指某類事物中的任意一個(gè)Acatisontheroof.有一只貓?jiān)谖蓓斏?。Hemetabeautifulgirlyesterday.他昨天遇見一個(gè)很漂亮的女孩。3.用于表示一類人或一類事物Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情。Anelephantisstrongerthanahorse.大象比馬強(qiáng)壯。4.用于第一次提到的事物前，表示介紹某人或某物Thisisaneraser.這是一塊橡皮擦。Mr.Smithwasateacher.史密斯先生曾是一名教師。5.用于表示時(shí)間或度量單位的名詞前，表示“每一”ldoexercisethreetimesaweek.我每周鍛煉三次。lgotothemovieonceamonth.我每月去看一次電影。6.用于固定搭配中alittle一點(diǎn)，少許alotof許多，大量halfanhour半小時(shí)haveagoodtime玩得開心熱身小練②判一判。請(qǐng)你判斷下列冠詞使用是否正確(正確畫“√”,錯(cuò)誤畫“×”)。()1.Maryisthegirl.()2.Ihaveasoccer.()3.Iwanttoeataapple.()4.Iseeanelephantinthezoo.答案：1.×2.√3.×4.√三、零冠詞名詞前面不加冠詞的現(xiàn)象就稱為零冠詞。1.表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞Musiccanmakemerelax.音樂能使我放松。Booksaremybestfriends.書是我最好的朋友。2.學(xué)科、語言、三餐等名詞前不加冠詞MyfavoritesubjectisChinese.我最喜歡的學(xué)科是語文。HelencanspeakEnglishverywell.海倫英語說得很好。Ihadanegg,somebreadandaglassofmilkforbreakfast.我早餐吃了一個(gè)雞蛋、一些面包，喝了一杯牛奶。3.球類、棋類、游戲等名詞前不加冠詞Let'sgotoplaybasketball.我們?nèi)ゴ蚧@球吧。I'mgoodatplayingchess.我擅長下棋。Theyareplayinggamesunderthetree.他們正在樹下玩游戲。4.國家、城市、人名、稱呼、頭銜等名詞前不加冠詞I'mfromChina.我來自中國。I'mgoingtoBeijing.我要去北京。Tomismybestfriend.湯姆是我最好的朋友。Mom,canIwatchTV?媽媽，我能看電視嗎?5.季節(jié)、月份、星期、以Day結(jié)尾的西方節(jié)日前不加冠詞Icangoswimminginsummer.夏天我可以去游泳。MybirthdayisinMay.我的生日在五月。TomorrowisChristmasDay.明天是圣誕節(jié)。I'llgotothemovieonSunday.星期天我要去看電影。6.名詞前有代詞或有名詞所有格修飾時(shí)不加冠詞Myfatherisadoctor.我爸爸是醫(yī)生。ThisisJenny'spencil.這是珍妮的鉛筆。Therearesomefishintheriver.河里有一些魚。7.一些固定搭配中的名詞前不加冠詞bybus乘坐公交車onfoot走路intime及時(shí)atnight在晚上lastyear去年熱身小練③選一選，填一填。請(qǐng)你選擇合適的冠詞將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。1.Canyouplay______________(a,an,the,/)chess?2.Samis______________(a,an,the,/)Americanboy.3.______________(a,an,the,/)girlinredismy______________(a,an,the,/)sister.4.Therearemany______________(a,an,the,/)treesin______________(a,an,the,/)park.答案：1./2.an3.The;/4./;the知識(shí)精練知識(shí)精練一、單選題()1．SpringFestivalis______importantfestivalinChina.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．/()2．Chinais________oldcountry.Manyforeigners(外國人)learnmoreaboutheron________Internet.A．a(chǎn);the B．a(chǎn)n;an C．a(chǎn)n;the()3．—WhereisMr.Smith’soffice?—It’son______floorofthetallbuildingrightacrossthestreet.A．five B．fifth C．thefive D．thefifth()4．—Didyouplay______ping-pong?—No,Ididn’t.Iplayed______piano.A．/;the B．the;the C．the;/()5．—Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?—By______bus,butsometimesIride______bike.A．a(chǎn);the B．a(chǎn);/ C．/;a()6．What______interestingstory!Ilikeitverymuch.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the()7．LangLangis______greatartist.Heplays______pianowell.A．a(chǎn);the B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;a()8．Thereis______appletreeinmygarden.In______tree,thereis______smallhouseforthebirds.A．a(chǎn)n;the;a B．a(chǎn)n;the;an C．the;the;a D．a(chǎn)n;the;the()9．______clockonthewallinhisbedroomisveryexpensive.A．The B．An C．A()10．Parisis______capitalof______France.A．the;/ B．the;a C．a(chǎn);a()11．______sunisveryshining.A．A B．An C．The()12．Jackhas______umbrella.______umbrellaisnew.A．a(chǎn)n;A B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;The()13．Aliceisfondofplaying______pianobutherfatherboughther______violin.A．the;a B．the;the C．a(chǎn);a D．a(chǎn);the()14．—Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?—I’mgoingtohave______artlessonA．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/()15．Thereis_____“E”in_____word“read”.A．a(chǎn);an B．a(chǎn)n;the C．a(chǎn)n;a()16．Lindawantstobe_______teacher.Shewantstoworkin_______university.A．a(chǎn);a B．a(chǎn);an C．a(chǎn)n;an()17．—______isthelab?—It’son______floor.A．Where’s;fifth B．What;thesecond C．Where;thesecond D．What’s;two()18．Speakingis_______usefulwayforustolearnEnglish.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．a(chǎn)n D．/()19．Youneedabout_______hourofexerciseaday.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．a(chǎn)n()20．Thatis__________dinosaurinthishall.A．thetallest B．tallest C．taller二、選詞/短語填空21．Alicewantstobuy______(an/a)newbike.22．Weusuallyhave__________(an/a)dragonboatrace.23．What____(an/a)interestingstorybook!24．She'ssending____(a/an)emailtomyfriend.25．Hereis________(a/an)umbrellaforyou.26．LiPingisplaying______(the/a)flute.27．Lucywants_____(a/an)icecream.28．What______(a/an)interestingDVD!29．Thisis_______(a/an)littleant.選擇正確的冠詞填空a

an

the

/30．Ihave________orange.It’s________bigorange.31．________GreatWallis________longestwallallovertheworld.It’sin________China.32．Thisis________oldbook.Butitis________usefulbook.33．Ilikeplaying________piano.Butmybrotherlikesplaying________football.34．Iusuallyhave________dinnerat6:30p.m.ThenIgofor________walkwithmyparents.35．What________interestingstoryitis!36．________childrenareveryhappyon________Children’sDay.37．Look!There’s________appletree.________treeistall.Youcansee________catunderit.三、用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空。38．________GreenswenttoEnglandlastmonth.39．Wouldyoulike________appleor________banana?40．Doyouknow________boy’sname?41．________pencilonthebookishers.42．Mysisteris________honestgirl.四、用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空。43．Thereis________girlunderthetree,________girlisLucy.44．It’swindyin________spr