沖刺2022年高考-短文語(yǔ)法改錯(cuò)(一)

沖刺2022年高考短文改錯(cuò)專(zhuān)訓(xùn)（一）短文改錯(cuò)——先詞法、句法·再行文邏輯[2021·全國(guó)卷甲]①Lastweekourteacheraskedustofillinaquestionnaire.②Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougointimesoftrouble?③Herearetheresults.④Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey'reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.⑤Somewillturnouttotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.⑥Onlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsonourown.⑦Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.⑧Theykeptverymuchtothemselves.⑨Inmyopinion,whereintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)句②動(dòng)詞誤用。主謂一致?！皁neofthe＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”為固定搭配，意為“……之一”，中心詞是one，提示主語(yǔ)是“其中的一個(gè)問(wèn)題”，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。________________句④名詞誤用。此處的friend通過(guò)連詞or與classmates并列，提示這里指的“朋友”不止一個(gè)。________________⑧動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)誤用。本文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此本句也應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。________________還要留意形和副句⑤副詞多用。turntosb.forhelp為固定搭配，意為“向某人尋求幫助”。________________句⑨副詞形式誤用。mostly意為“主要地，一般地”，而most意為“(程度上)最大，最高”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是說(shuō)“我們最相信的那些人”。________________代詞格，細(xì)領(lǐng)悟句⑥代詞誤用。本句主語(yǔ)代指的“學(xué)生”(students)為可數(shù)名詞，alittle用于指代不可數(shù)名詞。________________句⑥代詞誤用。本句主語(yǔ)指代students，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知，此處表示的應(yīng)該是“靠他們自己”(ontheirown)。________________非謂語(yǔ)搞清楚句⑦非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用。dislikedoingsth.為固定搭配，意為“不喜歡做某事”。________________冠詞連詞常光顧句⑨連詞誤用。分析本句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是省略了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。________________習(xí)慣用法要記住句②介詞漏用。goto意為“求助于”，________________第一講攻關(guān)八類(lèi)詞法類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)1名詞和冠詞[典例1][2021·全國(guó)卷乙]Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：我喜歡做家務(wù)活。飯后，我總是幫助父母洗碗。(2)根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。短語(yǔ)dothedishes意為“洗碗”。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Luckily,Iwillgohomeintwoweeksforsummervacations.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：幸運(yùn)的是，兩周后我就要回家過(guò)暑假了。(2)根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析：summervacation“暑假”，是單數(shù)概念。自主解答：________________【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】自主解答：________________1．[2021·吉林市第四次調(diào)研]Anycreativeideaswhichisaboutschoollifeiswarmlywelcomed.________________2．[2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Mymomisreallyconcernedwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.________________3．[2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.________________4．[2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]WhenIwaslittle，F(xiàn)riday'snightwasourfamilygamenight.________________5．[2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohavethebowlofeggsoupwhileIhavetoeatanapple.________________6．[2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.________________7．[2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.________________8．[2021·江西省質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)]Onlybytastingfailurecanweenjoyfruitofsuccess.________________【技法點(diǎn)金】1．理清單復(fù)數(shù)使用情況(1)單個(gè)名詞和不可數(shù)的名詞要用單數(shù)。(2)多個(gè)可數(shù)的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。2．牢記雷打不動(dòng)的十大不可數(shù)名詞advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3．三類(lèi)位置后常用名詞(1)冠詞后常用名詞。(2)介詞后常用名詞。(3)形容詞性物主代詞后常用名詞。4．關(guān)注冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)(1)a和an，表達(dá)數(shù)量或者泛指任何一個(gè)。a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的詞前。(2)若對(duì)于某個(gè)名詞有明指或暗示的情況，前面要加the。(3)若某名詞是復(fù)數(shù)、專(zhuān)有名詞或抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞(沒(méi)有固定性狀)，前面不適合加冠詞，應(yīng)把該位置空下來(lái)，形成“零冠詞”。(4)固定搭配中的冠詞需要牢記?？键c(diǎn)2介詞和數(shù)詞[典例1][2021·全國(guó)卷乙]Inmyopinion，studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：在我看來(lái)，學(xué)生做一些家務(wù)可以受益很多。(2)考查介詞的缺失。benefitfrom/bydoingsth.為固定搭配，意為“得益于(做)某事”。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]I'mgladtoknowthatyou'vecomeChinatolearnkungfuinaschoolinmyhometown.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：我很高興知道你已經(jīng)來(lái)到中國(guó)，在我家鄉(xiāng)的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)功夫。(2)搭配識(shí)記：cometo＋地點(diǎn)名詞，表示“來(lái)到某地”。自主解答：________________【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·吉林市第四次調(diào)研]Youcanalsochoosetomakechangesinfamousdramastoenterintothecompetition.________________2．[2021·新鄉(xiāng)市第三次模擬]ThereIfoundmanypeoplewaitingtheirorderstobecheckedout.________________3．[2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.________________4．[2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Theywouldsaytomethatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegameforthemsometimes.________________5．[2021·太原一模]Aftergraduatingfromhighschool，I'mgoingtobeacomputerprogrammer，whichIthinkisongreatdemandinthemodernworld.________________6．[2021·吉林市第三次調(diào)研]Withouthesitation，I，underthehelpofTomandMary，carriedheronmybacktotheclinic.________________7．[2021·河北省邯鄲市高三第二次模擬]IrememberclearlythatwhenIwasonmyeighteenbirthday,myfathergavemeapresent—apicturebook.________________8．[2021·贛州市模擬]Inordertocelebratetheeightyanniversaryofthefoundingofourschool,abigcelebrationwasheldinourschoollastSunday.________________【技法點(diǎn)金】1．關(guān)注介詞遺漏①不及物動(dòng)詞后需要加介詞才能加賓語(yǔ)。②作定語(yǔ)的不定式中動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或不定式修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式動(dòng)詞的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后要有相應(yīng)的介詞。2．明辨介詞多余①及物動(dòng)詞后無(wú)需加介詞再加賓語(yǔ)。②this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，前面不用任何介詞。3．牢記相似介詞的區(qū)別in,on,at的區(qū)別：表示時(shí)間時(shí)，in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來(lái)時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后)，on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具體的時(shí)刻。4．識(shí)別序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯(cuò)用“只描述數(shù)量多少的”用基數(shù)詞；“強(qiáng)調(diào)順序性，作第幾”講的時(shí)候用序數(shù)詞。5．注意年齡、年代的表達(dá)法表達(dá)“在某人幾十歲時(shí)”用“inone's＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”；表達(dá)“在幾十年代”時(shí)，用“inthe＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”?？键c(diǎn)3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用[典例1][2021·全國(guó)卷乙]Also，itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：此外，這給了父母更多的時(shí)間去做他們喜歡的事情，這改善了家庭關(guān)系。(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的誤用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，句中的like作動(dòng)詞，意為“喜歡”，故are多余。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：實(shí)際上，我從七歲就開(kāi)始學(xué)功夫了，但我已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)練習(xí)了。(2)根據(jù)分析可知，本句考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。由“whenIwassevenyearsold”可確定該句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。自主解答：________________【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·黑龍江省大慶市5月聯(lián)考]Johnwentshoppinginastore,butheforgottobringabag.Sohebuysashoppingbag.________________2．[2021·黑龍江省大慶市5月聯(lián)考]However,oneday,IforgettowearonewhenIwasheadingforavitalexam.________________3．[2021·黑龍江省大慶市5月聯(lián)考]Itnotonlybringsuspleasurebutreducewastearoundus.________________4．[2021·江西省高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)]Wehavebothachievedsuccessandsufferfromfailure,butdifferentstudentshasdifferentattitudestowardsfailure.________________5．[2021·吉林市第四次調(diào)研]Thereisanotherthingthatshouldbekeepinmind.________________6．[2021·馬鞍山第三次監(jiān)測(cè)]Aftergettingourtools,weweredividingintodifferentteams.________________7．[2021·吉林市第四次調(diào)研]AnEnglishdramacompetitionwouldbeheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.________________8．[2021·九江市二模]Usually,sittingaroundthetable,allmembersofafamilyhasmealstogetheratmealtime.________________【技法點(diǎn)金】1．識(shí)別時(shí)態(tài)不一致文章前后是現(xiàn)在式但卻用了過(guò)去式，或前后都是過(guò)去式卻用了現(xiàn)在式，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)不一致。2．判斷并列不一致在平行或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞的形式通常是一致的。關(guān)鍵的問(wèn)題是看and，or等后的動(dòng)詞與前面的哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列，一定要理解，辨別清楚。3．留心語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤(1)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞寫(xiě)成了一般過(guò)去式或現(xiàn)在分詞。(2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中卻多了be以及be的變形，變成了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。4．注意主謂不一致情況主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)卻采取復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)卻采取單數(shù)形式，導(dǎo)致主謂不一致的情況。5．牢記情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后一定要接動(dòng)詞原形，但卻用了過(guò)去或其他形式。(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相互間的誤用?？键c(diǎn)4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤[典例1][2021·全國(guó)卷甲]Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：他們的回答也表明他們不喜歡和別人說(shuō)話(huà)。(2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的誤用。dislikedoingsth.為固定搭配，意為“不喜歡做某事”。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：我對(duì)媽媽說(shuō)如果我們被強(qiáng)迫吃東西，我們可能會(huì)生病。(2)根據(jù)固定搭配解題：beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。自主解答：________________【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·吉林市第四次調(diào)研]Itisrewardingtakeyourtimetoprepareforthecompetition.________________2．[2021·江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體第二次聯(lián)考]PleaseletmetoknowwhenyouwillbefreeandIwillbuytheticketsinadvance.________________3．[2021·南昌二模]Tosolvetheproblem,Iforcedmyselftoreadingeveryparagraphwithpatience,tryingtofollowtheplot.________________4．[2021·成都七中熱身考試]Theywatchedhimwithinterest,laughedloudly.________________5．[2021·宿州市質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]AsfarasI'mconcerned,theactivitygetsustoknowabouttheuniversityandinspiringustoworkhard.________________6．[2021·焦作市三模]WhenIopenedthedoor,mymotherseemedtofeelalittleembarrassing.________________7．[2021·哈爾濱市第三中學(xué)第四次模擬]Feltextremelyguilty,Ireallyhopeyouwillacceptmysincereapology.________________8．[2021·江西省高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)]Theyfindoutthecausessothattheywillavoidmadethesamemistake.________________9．[2021·焦作市第四次模擬]IhadatickettoashowIcouldn'tattendanylonger.Iwastryingtosellit,butIwashavingahardtimefindsomeonewhowouldpaythefullprice.________________10．[2021·貴州省適應(yīng)性測(cè)試]Ithinkworkforanewspaperandreportingfromallovertheworldarereallyexciting.________________【技法點(diǎn)金】1．理清to的兩種命題方式①多余：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(get除外)后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。②缺失：有些動(dòng)詞，如want,decide,plan等后應(yīng)接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)。2．辨清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且另一動(dòng)詞不作并列謂語(yǔ)，則只能用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。3．搞清動(dòng)詞ing形式與動(dòng)詞ed形式的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞ing形式表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞ed形式表被動(dòng)、完成；動(dòng)詞ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“令人……的”，常修飾物；而動(dòng)詞ed形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“感到……的”，常修飾人。4．掌握介詞標(biāo)志介詞后一般需要跟名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。5．注意主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)常常使用動(dòng)詞ing形式或不定式。6．明晰介詞to與不定式符號(hào)to的用法區(qū)別介詞to后接名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)；不定式符號(hào)to后接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)5形容詞和副詞誤用[典例1][2021·全國(guó)卷乙]What'smore，doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：更重要的是，做家務(wù)是一種從學(xué)習(xí)中精神放松的形式。(2)形容詞副詞的誤用。此處應(yīng)用形容詞mental修飾名詞relaxation。自主解答：________________[典例2][2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]I'msurelyyou'llhaveagoodtime.考場(chǎng)思維：(1)語(yǔ)境含義：我確信你會(huì)玩得很開(kāi)心。(2)語(yǔ)境分析：系動(dòng)詞be后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。自主解答：________________【過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)】1．[2021·安徽“五校聯(lián)盟”第二次聯(lián)考]Whenshehadfinished,sheproudputhercakeintotheoventocook.________________2．[2021·南昌二模]Itprovidesmewithknowledge,andconvincesmeentirethatbeingaloneisnotlonely.________________3．[2021·廣西4月模擬]NowI'vechangedalot.Ihavebecomeanenergyandpositivegirl.________________4．[2021·江西省質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)]What'sworse,someevenloseheartandnolongerstudyasharderasbefore.________________5．[2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.________________6．[2021·焦作市三模]Theotherday,Iwenthomesolatelythatmymothercouldn'taffordtowaitmeanylonger.________________7．[2021·高三“五校聯(lián)盟”第二次聯(lián)考]Abouttenminuteslate,wesmeltsomethingburning.________________8．[2021·馬鞍山市第三次質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)]It'safamousparkinMa'anshan.Therefore,someofitsvisitorsleavegarbagebehind.________________1．明辨詞性誤用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。2．理清比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的誤用①原級(jí)和比較級(jí)混用。②比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)混用。③在本身已是比較級(jí)形式的基礎(chǔ)上誤加more。④在沒(méi)有最高級(jí)的詞前誤加most。3．關(guān)注形近詞誤用hard意為“刻苦地，猛烈地”，hardly意為“幾乎不，幾乎沒(méi)有”；beside意為“在……旁邊”，besides意為“另外”。4．看清重點(diǎn)連接副詞誤用however主要用于轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ龋馑际恰叭欢?，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示結(jié)果，意思是“因此，所以”。Test1[2021·昆明市“三診一?！辟|(zhì)量檢測(cè)]October12thwasbigdayformyteamandme.WetakepartinabasketballtournamentforseniorstudentsinLancasterCounty.Someplayerswereabsentbecausehehadtotakeexams.Whatwasworse,therewerenosubstitutes.Theteamwhatweplayedagainstwaslastyear'stopone.Asastriker,Iplayedhardly.Later,IhadlittleenergythanbeforeandgotinjuredbecauseofIfelldown.Duringthepause,thecoachtoldusto“playwitheffortbutwisdom”.Then,Isavedmystrengthandlookedforgoodchancestoscoringmoregoals.Finally,Iscoredanotherfourpointandwasnamedthe“mostvaluableplayer”．Test2[2021·鄭州市第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Theotherdaythemembersofourschool'sEnglishclubtaketheexchangestudentsintheirschooltovisittheCityCulturalCenter.Duringthevisit,theyappreciatedlargepictureexhibitionofourrichlocalcultureandsomeuniqueformofourlocalart.However,theywatchedavideoabouttheachievementswehadmadeinthepastfewcenturies.Theexchangestudentswereallamazedatourcolorculture,sayingthatthevisitwasreallyabigculturalfeastwiththem.Thevisitwasagreatlysuccessandtheywerequitesatisfiedwithit.Itwasnotonlyenrichedtheexchangestudents'life,butalsohelpedthemlearningmoreaboutChineseculture.Test3[2021·合肥市高三第二次檢測(cè)]I'llneverforgetthelastwinterholidayinmyhometown.Onthewaytomygrandpa,myfatherdroveverycarefullyorslowlyalltheway,foritwassnowingheavily.Whenwearrived,mycousinMaomaograbbedmyarmatonce,invitingmecollectsnowwithourgrandpa.Wefeltnotalittleexcitedly.Afterawhile,intheyardwassomesnowmen,alllookfunny.“Look,here'sanothersnowman，”shoutedMaomao,joyfullyclappinghishand.Itwasourgrandpawhogreyhairwasblowinginthewind.Welaughed,whichmadeourgrandpaakindofawkward.HowIwishIcangobacktherethisyear!Test4[2021·成都市高中畢業(yè)班第一次診斷]ThepersonIrespectmostismyfather.Likeadoctor,heisalwaysbusywithwork.AfterIcouldremember,hehasneverspentawholeweekendstaywithme.Everyday,hewenttoworkbeforeIgetup,andcomesbackhomeafterIgotobed.Sotome,itdoesn'tmatteratall,becauseheisagreatheroinhismind.Hedevoteshimselfhispatients,andmanylifearesavedbyhim.Healwaystellsmewhatamanshouldhavedignity,honesty,honor,andthatmostofall,behelpfultoothers.Thisaffectsmedeep,soIamworkinghardinordertobeamanlikehiminthefuture.Test5[2021·昆明市高三“三診一?！盷Sometimesourclassmatestalkaboutthatwecandoforourschoolbeforegraduation.Wehavedifferentkindsofadvices.Somethinkitisagoodideadonatesomereferencebooksbutnotebookstotheschoollibrary.Bydoingso,thefellowstudentswillbeabletoreaditifnecessary.Othersthoughtitgoodtoplanttreesnexttoteachingbuildingstomaketheschoolmorebeautiful.Onmyopinion,wecandosomethingmeaningfullyinhonorofourschoollife.Fortheexample,wecandosomevoluntaryworkorsendtheschoolsomepicturesdrawingbyourselves,whichcanremindusofthegoldenmemories.Test6[2021·長(zhǎng)春市高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一]MyparentsandIpaidavisittomygrandparentsinlastsummer.Afterthreehour'sdrive,wegottothevillage.Wewereexcitingtoseethemandchattedforquiteawhile.AndthenIgotothebackyardtopicksomevegetablesorfruitswithoutchemicalfertilizers.TheyweresofreshthatIcouldn'twaittotasteit.Afterdinner,wetookwalkalongthecountryroadlinedwithtreesandcrops.Thesoftwindwasblowngentlyandthesurroundingswerequietlyexceptforthesingingofbirds.Whatpeacefulthecountrylifewas!Test7[2021·貴陽(yáng)市四校高三年級(jí)聯(lián)考三]AnEnglishdramacompetitionwouldbeheldintheschoolarthallnextFriday.Anycreativeideaswhichisaboutschoollifeiswarmwelcomed.Youcan