徐州專版2020中考英語復習方案第二篇語法專題突破專題09構(gòu)詞法課件

專題（九）構(gòu)詞法第二篇

語法專題突破考點一派生法英語構(gòu)詞法中在詞根前面或后面加詞綴,從而構(gòu)成一個新詞的方法叫作派生法。加在詞根前的詞綴叫前綴,加在詞根后的詞綴叫后綴。1.前綴(1)表否定意義的前綴前綴含義例詞un-不happy→unhappy(不高興的)friendly→unfriendly(不友好的)usual→unusual(不尋常的)able→unable(不能的)popular→unpopular(不流行的)前綴含義例詞in-不active→inactive(不積極的)correct→incorrect(不正確的)expensive→inexpensive(不貴的)im-不polite→impolite(不禮貌的)

patient→impatient(沒有耐心的)possible→impossible(不可能的)dis-不like→dislike(不喜歡)

appear→disappear(消失)agree→disagree(不同意)non-不;非smoker→non-smoker(非吸煙者)

human→non-human(非人類的)native→non-native(非母語的;非本地的)(2)其他前綴含義例詞mis-錯誤;失誤understand→misunderstand(誤解)lead→mislead(誤導)behavior→misbehavior(行為不端)re-又;再;重新view→review(復習)

write→rewrite(重寫)inter-相互;交互在一起net→Internet(互聯(lián)網(wǎng))national→international(國際的)connect→interconnect(相互關聯(lián))前綴含義例詞tele-遠phone→telephone(電話)

vision→television(電視)en-使可能rich→enrich(使豐富)

able→enable(使能夠)a-使處于……情況live→alive(活著的)wake→awake(醒著的)sleep→asleep(睡著的)2.后綴形式后綴例詞形容詞→副詞+-lywide→widely

quiet→quietly

sad→sadly

slow→slowly以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞,變y為i,再加-lyhappy→happilyangry→angrily以“輔音字母+le”結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加-ysimple→simply

terrible→terribly少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e,再加-lytrue→truly形式后綴例詞名詞→形容詞+-yrain→rainy

health→healthywealth→wealthy

luck→lucky+-lyweek→weekly

love→lovely

friend→friendly+-ousdanger→dangerous+-fulcare→careful

use→usefulhelp→helpful+-lessuse→useless

help→helpless

care→careless形式后綴例詞名詞→形容詞+-ernwest→western

south→southern+-engold→golden

wood→wooden+-alnation→national其他China→Chinese

France→FrenchAmerica→American

Canada→CanadianAsia→Asian

centre→central形式后綴例詞動詞→形容詞+-eddisappoint→disappointedinterest→interested+-ingfollow→following

interest→interesting+-tiveact→active

create→creative+-ableenjoy→enjoyablecomfort→comfortablesuit→suitable形式后綴例詞形容詞→名詞+-nessill→illness

sad→sadness

kind→kindness+-ydifficult→difficulty+-ityable→ability

possible→possibility+-ce(以t結(jié)尾的形容詞去t,再加-ce)important→importance

silent→silencedifferent→difference形式后綴例詞動詞→名詞+-erteach→teacher

win→winner

work→worker+-oract→actor

visit→visitor

direct→director+-ioninvite→invitation

decide→decision+-mentdevelop→development

move→movement+-ingfish→fishing

read→reading

hear→hearing+-istart→artist

piano→pianist

tour→tourist

science→scientist形式后綴例詞其他serve(v.)→service(n.)

courage(n.)→encourage(v.)hot(adj.)→heat(n.)

safe(adj.)→safety(n.)high(adj.)→height(n.)→highly(adv.)考點二

合成法英語中由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法。常見的合成法如下：(1)合成名詞classroom(名詞+名詞)blackboard(形容詞+名詞)(2)合成形容詞worldwide(名詞+形容詞)good-looking(形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞)(3)合成動詞overcome(副詞+動詞)(4)合成數(shù)詞fifty-four(數(shù)詞+數(shù)詞)(5)合成代詞everybody,somebody,anything(代詞+名詞)(6)合成副詞downstairs(副詞+名詞)whole-heartedly(形容詞+副詞)(7)合成介詞inside(介詞+名詞)

within(介詞+介詞)

into(介詞+介詞)考點三

轉(zhuǎn)化法英語中把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性,這種構(gòu)詞法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式有：名詞→動詞,形容詞→動詞,動詞→名詞。(1)名詞→動詞show(n.展覽;展示)→show(v.表演;展出)water(n.水)→water(v.澆水)speed(n.速度)→speed(v.加速)(2)形容詞→動詞slow(adj.慢的)→slow(v.放慢)(3)動詞→名詞walk(v.散步;走)→walk(n.散步)look(v.看)→look(n.看)talk(v.談話)→talk(n.談話)rest(v.休息)→rest(n.休息)break(v.打破)→break(n.休息)對接中考專練語法專題訓練1.[2019·徐州質(zhì)檢]Withthe

(develop)ofeconomy,ourincomehasincreasedby10%recently.

2.[2018·徐州一模]Trytocalmdownandnottoget

(patient)whilefacingmuchstress.

3.I'mgladtohearthatmyfavourite

(sing)hascometoourcity.

4.It's

(possible)toseparateDiaoyuIslandfromChina.

5.TheBrucefamilyhadtogiveupcampinginthePurpleMountainonsucha

(fog)day.

6.Ifyoudo

(care)inthetest,youwon'tgethighmarks.

development

impatient

singerimpossible

foggy

carelessly對接中考專練語法專題訓練7.Itseemstobe

(hope)togetintotheamusementpark.Let'sgobackhome.

8.Notall

(wealth)peoplehavetowearexpensiveclothesandnotallcleverpeoplehavetowearglasses.

9.Foryour

(safe),smokingisnotallowedduringthewholeflight.

10.Blueisa

(peace)colour.Peopleoftenfeelquietinbluerooms.

11.Asaguide,Imustpayattentiontoallthe

(tour)safetyduringtheirtrip.

hopeless

wealthy

safety

peacefultourists'對接中考專練語法專題訓練12.EastonLaChappelle,a19-year-old

(invent),builtanarmbydevelopingmostofthepartsthrougha3-Dprinter.

13.StephenHawkingiswidelyconsideredasoneofthegreatest

(science)intheworld.

14.Ididn'tsleepwellandstayed

(wake)untiltheearlymorning.

15.Haveyoueverhea