2024-2025學年高一英語上學期期末真題分類匯編-教師版-專題03 閱讀理解之議論文

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2024-2025學年高一英語上學期期末真題分類匯編-教師版——專題03閱讀理解之議論文（一）（23-24高一上·廣東廣州·期末）Beforetheageofthesmartphone,noteveryonehadcamerasandittookskillsandagoodeyetocaptureandcreateagreatphotograph.Today,withthehugerangeofcameraappsonoursmartphones,we’reallamateurphotographers,andprettygoodonesatthat,sincethequalityofsmartphoneimagesnownearlyequalsthatofdigitalcameras.Theneweaseofphotographyhasgivenusastrongdesireforcapturingthemagicalandtheordinary.Weareobsessed(癡迷的)withdocumentingeverydaymoments,whetherit’sashotofourbreakfast,ourcat—orthecat’sbreakfast.Camerasareeverywhere—asituationthatistransformingthewayweexperiencedramaticevents.Withcamerasobservingmosturbancenters,havewegottentothepointwherecamerasdon’tneedphotographersandphotographersdon’tevenneedcameras?Whentherearepoliticaleventsornaturaldisasters,itisordinarycitizenswithcellphonesnotphotojournalistswhooftenprovidethefirstnewsimages.Qualitystillmatters,butit’slessimportantthanwhat’srelevantandinstantlyshared.Beforedigitalimages,mostpeopletrustedphotographstoaccuratelyreflectreality.Yetphotographyhasalwaysmorestoriesthanweassume.Eachpictureisaresultofaseriesofdecisionswheretostand,whatlenstouse,whattoleaveinandoutoftheframe.Imagescanalsobecolored,brightened,faded,andscratchedtomakephotographsmoreartistic,ortogivethemanantiquelook.Suchimagesmaybemoreusefulincommunicatinghowthepeoplebehindthecamerafeltthanindocumentingwhatwasactuallyinfrontofthecamera.It’snotclearwhetherthisfloweringofimagemakingwillleadtoapublicthatbetterappreciatesandunderstandsimagesorsimplynumbustothedeepeffectsawell-madeimagecanhave.Butthechangeisunavoidable.Perhapswearewitnessingthedevelopmentofauniversalvisuallanguage,onethatcouldchangethewaywerelatetoeachotherandtheworld.Ofcourse,aswithanylanguage,therewillbethosewhoproducepoetryandthosewhomakeshoppinglists.1．Whatmakesusallamateurphotographers?A．ThatittakesnoskillstotakephotographsB．Thatcellphonesprovidegreatconvenience.C．Thatwearemoreattractedtocreatingimages.D．Thatprofessionalstandardsappeartobefalling.2．Howaredigitalcameraschangingourlife?A．Wemaygetthelatestimagesmoreeasily.B．Naturaldisasterscanbedetectedinadvance.C．Photographersnolongerneedtocarryacamera.D．Peoplepaymoreattentiontothequalityofphotos.3．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thecreativefunctionsofcameraapps.B．Theattractivefeaturesofdigitalimages.C．Thenegativereviewsaboutartisticimages.D．Thesubjectivefactorsbehindphotographs.4．Whatcanwelearnabout“visuallanguage”inthelastparagraph?A．Itcanbebothusedinwritingpoetryandshopping.B．Itwillcontributetoourabilitytoappreciateimages.C．Ithasagreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheuniverse.D．Itoffersusanewtoolofcommunicationtoexpressourselves.【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．D【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了隨著手機的廣泛使用，攝影也被重新定義，成為一種視覺的語言。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Today,withthehugerangeofcameraappsonoursmartphones,we’reallamateurphotographers,andprettygoodonesatthat,sincethequalityofsmartphoneimagesnownearlyequalsthatofdigitalcameras.(今天，隨著我們的智能手機上有大量的攝像應用程序，我們都是業(yè)余攝影師，而且是相當不錯的業(yè)余攝影師，因為現(xiàn)在智能手機圖像的質量幾乎等同于數(shù)碼相機。)”可知，由于智能手機中各種各樣的照相軟件，我們都成了業(yè)余攝影師，因此推知，是手機提供的極大便利讓我們都成了業(yè)余攝影師。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Weareobsessedwithdocumentingeverydaymoments,whetherit’sashotofourbreakfast,ourcat—orthecat’sbreakfast.(我們癡迷于記錄每天的時刻，無論是我們的早餐還是我們的貓——或貓的早餐的鏡頭。)”以及第四段中“Whentherearepoliticaleventsornaturaldisasters,itisordinarycitizenswithcellphones--notphotojournalists—whooftenprovidethefirstnewsimages.(當發(fā)生政治事件或自然災害時，提供第一手新聞圖片的往往是拿著手機的普通公民，而不是攝影記者。)”可推知，數(shù)字相機可以讓人們更容易獲取最新的影像，改變了我們的生活。故選A。3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Yetphotographyhasalwaysmorestoriesthanweassume.Eachpictureisaresultofaseriesofdecisions—wheretostand,whatlenstouse,whattoleaveinandoutoftheframe.Imagescanalsobecolored,brightened,faded,andscratchedtomakephotographsmoreartistic,ortogivethemanantiquelook.(在數(shù)字圖像出現(xiàn)之前，大多數(shù)人相信照片能夠準確地反映現(xiàn)實。然而，攝影的故事總是比我們想象的要多。每一張照片都是一系列決定的結果——站在哪里，用什么鏡頭，鏡頭里面和鏡頭外面應該留下什么。圖像也可以被著色、加亮、褪色和刮花，以使照片更具藝術性，或使它們看起來像古董。)”可知，本段講述了照片背后的故事總是比我們想象的要多，人們還可以對照片進行修飾，以便傳達攝影人的感受，因此推斷本段主要講述每張照片的背后都有很多的主觀因素。故選D。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第最后一段中“Perhapswearewitnessingthedevelopmentofauniversalvisuallanguage,onethatcouldchangethewaywerelatetoeachotherandtheworld.Ofcourse,aswithanylanguage,therewillbethosewhoproducepoetryandthosewhomakeshoppinglists.(也許我們正在見證一種通用視覺語言的發(fā)展，一種可以改變我們彼此關系和世界的方式。當然，就像任何一種語言一樣，總會有人寫詩，也有人寫購物清單。)”可知，visuallanguage可以提供給我們一種新的表達自己的交流工具。故選D。（二）（23-24高一上·山西朔州·期末）Childrenshoulddohousework.That’sacontroversial(有爭議的)idea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswillsaythattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassign(分派)housework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn’tgetdone.That’saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictor(預測)foryoungadults’successintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids“moreresponsible”.Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don’tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou’respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou’redoingitright.Canapaymenthelp?Maybe.Butifyou’retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.5．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．Veryfewchildrengethouseworkdone. B．Childrenareverybusywithhousework.C．Houseworkisamust-doforparents. D．Familymembersshouldrespecteachother.6．Whatisfoundinthesmallstudy?A．Houseworkhelpsamanliveahappylife. B．Aman’ssuccessdependsonhishousework.C．Houseworkbenefitsasenseofresponsibility. D．AchildmuststartdoinghouseworkatAge3.7．Whatdoestheauthoradviseparentstodointhelastparagraph?A．Balancehouseworkandstudy. B．Helpthechilddohouseworkpositively.C．Dohouseworkbythemselves. D．Paythechildforhousework.8．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AdultsDoLessHouseworkintheUS B．HouseworkMatterstoChildren.C．ParentsWordsSpeakLouder D．ChildrenNeedMoreCareatHome【答案】5．A6．C7．B8．B【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要以“孩子要做家務”為話題，通過研究和事例，論證做家務對孩子成長的重要性，鼓勵家長督促孩子多參與家務活，培養(yǎng)責任意識。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Manymoreofusassign(分派)housework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn’tgetdone.(我們中有更多的人會分配家務，或者說我們相信家務，但家務只是沒有被作。)”可推斷，盡管分派了家務活，但是很少有孩子真正去做。故選A。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.(這些早期共同承擔的責任延伸到了他們生活中其他領域的責任感。)”可知，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)做家務活有助于孩子們培養(yǎng)責任意識。故選C。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don’tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou’respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou’redoingitright.(當你讓孩子做家務時，你應該怎么做？不要接受任何借口。如果你必須一遍又一遍地重復，也不要擔心。如果你花在讓孩子做這件事上的時間比你自己做這件事的時間還多，那么你做得對。)”可知，作者建議家長給孩子分派家務活時不接受孩子的任何托詞，積極幫助孩子做家務。故選B。8．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段首句“Childrenshoulddohousework.(孩子們應該做家務。)”為該文的核心話題，第二段“Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.(首先，做家務對孩子有好處。作為日常家務的一部分，幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)對他人需求的認識，同時也有助于他們的情感健康。)”論述了做家務可以給孩子帶來的好處，由此可知，本文主要論述做家務活對孩子成長的重要性，助力孩子的責任意識，因此最好的標題是B選項“HouseworkMatterstoChildren.(家務對孩子很重要。)”。故選B。（三）（23-24高一上·廣西北?！て谀㏑unningisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheUK.Butformanyrunners,therealreasonweheadouttobeattheroadsuntilourlegshurtismoreintangible(無形的)thanweightlossorfitness.Manyrunnersbecomeinterestedintimes.Theytrytobreakthe40-minutebarrierforthe10K,orrununderfourhoursforthemarathon.Yet,really,thesetimesarealmostmeaningless.Andassoonastheyareachieved,anothertargetisthrownoutalmostimmediately.Thetimesareonlythecarrotsweputinfrontofourselves.Butwhydoweputthemthereinthefirstplace?Nobodyevergivesawiseanswer.Deepdown,weallknowtheanswer.Runningbringsusjoy.Watchsmallchildrenwhentheyareexcited,atplay,andmostlytheycan’tstoprunning.Aswerun,webegintosensethatchildishjoy,whichisborntoliveawilderexistence.Aswerun,thelayersofresponsibilityandidentitywehavegatheredinourlives,father,mother,lawyer,teacher,allfallaway,leavinguswiththerawhumanbeing.Ifwepushon,runningharder,deeperintotheloneliness,furtherawayfromtheworldandthestructureofourlives,webegintofeelstrangelyexcited,separatedyetatthesametimeconnected,toourselves.Withnothingbutourowntwolegsmovingus,webegintogetasenseofwho,orwhat,wereallyare.Afteralongrun,everythingseemsrightintheworld.Everythingisatpeace.Toexperiencethisisapowerfulfeeling,strongenoughtohaveuscomingback,againandagain,formore.9．Whydoestheauthorthinksettingtimegoalsisalmostmeaningless?A．Thosetimegoalsareusedtoexchangecarrots.B．Thosetimegoalscan’tbeachievedwithoutefforts.C．Peoplewillbeneversatisfiedwiththeeasilyachievedtimegoals.D．Therewillalwaysbeanewtimegoaloncetheformeroneisachieved.10．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsrunning?A．Positive. B．Passive. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Breakingrecords. B．Runningforthemarathon.C．Feelinglonelyafterrunning. D．Feelingpeacefulafteralongrun.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RunningtoBetheRealYou B．RunningtoLoseWeightC．RunningtoBecomeanAdult D．RunningtoAchieveSuccess【答案】9．D10．A11．D12．A【導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是跑步不僅能減肥，保持健康，更多的意義在于挑戰(zhàn)自我、凈化心靈，給人們帶來快樂、興奮、平靜。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Yet,really,thesetimesarealmostmeaningless.Andassoonastheyareachieved,anothertargetisthrownoutalmostimmediately.(然而，說真的，這些時間幾乎毫無意義。一旦達到目標，另一個目標幾乎立即被拋出。)”可知，作者認為不斷設立新目標幾乎毫無意義，因為目標一旦實現(xiàn)，就會馬上設立下一個新目標。故選D。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Runningbringsusjoy.(跑步帶給我們快樂。)”，第四段“Aswerun,webegintosensethatchildishjoy,whichisborntoliveawilderexistence.(當我們奔跑的時候，我們開始感受到那種孩子般的快樂，這種快樂是為更狂野的生活而生的。)”以及第五段“Afteralongrun,everythingseemsrightintheworld.Everythingisatpeace.(經過一段漫長的長跑，世界上的一切似乎都很正常。一切都很平靜。)”可知，作者認為跑步能給我們帶來快樂、興奮、平靜，讓我們拋棄雜念，變成純粹的自己，作者對跑步的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A。11．詞句猜測題。劃線詞上文“Afteralongrun,everythingseemsrightintheworld.Everythingisatpeace.(經過一段漫長的長跑，世界上的一切似乎都很正常。一切都很平靜。)”提到長跑之后，世界上的一切似乎都是對的。一切都很平靜。所以句中“Toexperiencethis”中的“this”指的就是長跑之后的這種一切都對，一切都很平靜的體驗。故選D。12．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第三段“Runningbringsusjoy.(跑步帶給我們快樂。)”，第四段“Aswerun,webegintosensethatchildishjoy,whichisborntoliveawilderexistence.(當我們奔跑的時候，我們開始感受到那種孩子般的快樂，這種快樂是為更狂野的生活而生的。)”以及第五段“Afteralongrun,everythingseemsrightintheworld.Everythingisatpeace.(經過一段漫長的長跑，世界上的一切似乎都很正常。一切都很平靜。)”可知，本文主要講的是跑步不僅能減肥，保持健康，更多的意義在于挑戰(zhàn)自我、凈化心靈，給人們帶來快樂、興奮、平靜。A選項“RunningtoBetheRealYou(跑步去做真實的自己)”表達了跑步深層的意義，適合作為標題。故選A。（四）（23-24高一上·重慶長壽·期末）Lastsummer,thestoryaboutaCEOwhoencouragedemployeestotakementalhealthdaysspreadonline.Itledtomanymediastoriesabouttheimportanceoftakingcareofyourmentalhealthincludingtakingamentalhealthdaywhenyouneedone.Butwhataboutkids?Shouldyouletyourchildtakeamentalhealthdayfromschool?Theanswerisn’tasimpleyesorno.It’simportantforkidstopowerthroughsomediscomfort,likegoingtoschoolevenwhenthey’reafraidofgivingapresentation,orwhentheydon’thavetheirmathhomeworkdone.There’salotofvalueinshowingthemthatthey’restrongerthantheythink.Butwhenthey’refeelingsobadthatthey’restrugglingtofunction,andgoingtoschoolislikelytomakeitworse,amentalhealthdaymightbejustwhatthedoctorordered.Lettingkidstaketheoccasional(偶爾的)mentalhealthday-maybeonceortwiceayear-couldmakethembelievethattakingcareoftheirmindsisvital,justastheyshouldtakecareoftheirbodies.Itcanalsobeagreatopportunitytohelpthemsharpentheiremotionalskillsandbuildthementalmusclestheyneedtostaystrong.Agoodwaytospendamentalhealthdayistousethetimetodothefollowingthings.Solveaproblem.Ifyourchildisstressedoutbyaspecificproblem,youmightbeabletoturnamentalhealthdayintoaproblem-solvingopportunity.Practiceself-care.Ifyourchildisexhaustedoroverworked,anoccasionaldayoffmayhelphimrecuperate.Itcouldbeanopportunitytodevelophealthierhabits,likegoingtosleepearlier,eatingnutritious(有營養(yǎng)的)food,andgettingplentyofexercise.Seeaprofessional.Ifyourchildisstrugglingtoattendschool,seekprofessionalhelp.Scheduleanappointmentwithyourpediatrician(兒科醫(yī)生)totalkaboutyourchild’smentalhealthneeds.Aphysicianmayreferyoutoamentalhealthprofessionalifit’snecessary.13．WhatdidpeopledoafterreadingthestoryaboutaCEO?A．Theydecidedtotakemoredaysoffwork.B．Theyrealizedmentalhealthneedscaretoo.C．Theydecidedtoreadsomemediastoriesabouthim.D．Theybecameworriedaboutemployees’mentalhealth.14．Whichofthefollowingshowstheauthor’sopinion?A．Allchildrenneedamentalhealthday.B．Kidsneedamentalhealthdaylessthanadults.C．Schoolsshouldarrangeregularmentalhealthdays.D．Amentalhealthdayissometimesnecessaryforchildren.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recuperate”inParagraph6mean?A．Recover. B．Think.C．Sleep. D．Exercise.16．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Whendokidsneedmentalhealthdays?B．Whydopeopleneedmentalhealthdays?C．Howcankidsmakeuseofmentalhealthdays?D．Shouldkidsbeallowedtotakementalhealthdays?【答案】13．B14．D15．A16．D【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章就“是否應該讓孩子休心理健康假”展開論述，并列出了一些休心理健康假時可以做的事。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Itledtomanymediastoriesabouttheimportanceoftakingcareofyourmentalhealthincludingtakingamentalhealthdaywhenyouneedone.(這引發(fā)了許多媒體關于照顧心理健康重要性的報道，包括在需要的時候安排一個心理健康日。)”可知，在看來CEO的故事后，引發(fā)了許多媒體關于照顧心理健康的重要性的報道。由此可知，人們意識到了需要照顧心理健康。故選B項。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Lettingkidstaketheoccasional(偶爾的)mentalhealthday-maybeonceortwiceayear-couldmakethembelievethattakingcareoftheirmindsisvital,justastheyshouldtakecareoftheirbodies.Itcanalsobeagreatopportunitytohelpthemsharpentheiremotionalskillsandbuildthementalmusclestheyneedtostaystrong.(讓孩子們偶爾參加一次心理健康活動——也許一年一兩次——可以讓他們相信，照顧好自己的心理很重要，就像他們應該照顧好自己的身體一樣。這也是一個很好的機會，可以幫助他們磨練情緒技巧，鍛煉他們保持強壯所需的心理肌肉。)”可知，作者認為孩子們需要偶爾參加一次心理健康活動。故選D項。15．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Ifyourchildisexhaustedoroverworked,anoccasionaldayoffmayhelphimrecuperate.(如果你的孩子精疲力竭或過度勞累，偶爾休息一天可以幫助他恢復。)”可知，前面if引導的條件狀語從句中提到了“如果孩子精疲力竭或過度勞累”，后面又提到“偶爾休息一天可以幫助recuperate”；根據(jù)常識可知，休息可以讓人從精疲力竭或過度勞累的狀態(tài)中“恢復”過來；由此可推知，recuperate與“恢復”意義相近。recuperate為動詞，表示“恢復、復原”，與recover互為同義表達。故選A項。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Butwhataboutkids?Shouldyouletyourchildtakeamentalhealthdayfromschool?Theanswerisn’tasimpleyesorno.(但是孩子們呢？你應該讓你的孩子從學校請一天心理健康假嗎？答案不是簡單的是或不是。)”可知，本文主要圍繞“是否應該讓孩子休心理健康假”展開論述；文章第三段給出了休心理健康假的好處；第四、五、六、七段則列出了一些孩子在休心理健康假時可以做的事。由此可知，D項“Shouldkidsbeallowedtotakementalhealthdays?(應該允許孩子們休心理健康假嗎?)”最能概括本文內容。故選D項。（五）（23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Apopularsayinggoes,“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”However,that’snotreallytrue.Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromsomeoneelseorourselves—thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.Wealltalktoourselvessometimes.We’reusuallytooashamedtoadmitit,though.Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.Beaware,though,thatasmuchas77%ofself-talktendstobenegative.Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.Weshouldalsobequicktogiveourselvesapatontheback.Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob!”O(jiān)ften,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.Forexample,whenreturninganitemtoastore,wemightusewarm,friendlylanguageduringtheexchange.Andtheclerkwillprobablyanswerinasimilarmanner.Orharsh(刻薄的)andcriticallanguagewillmostlikelycausetheclerktobedefensive.Wordshavepowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.Manyofusregretsomethingweoncesaid.Andwerememberunkindwordssaidtous!Beforespeaking,weshouldalwaysaskourselves:Isitloving?Isitneeded?Ifwhatwewanttosaydoesn’tpassthistest,thenit’sbetterleftunsaid.Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteem(自尊)andmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.Willweuseourwordstohurtortoheal?Thechoiceisours.17．Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A．Wordshaveagreateffectonus. B．Encouragingwordsgiveusconfidence.C．Negativewordsmayletusdown. D．Notsticksandstonesbutwordswillhurtus.18．Whyistherenoneedforustofeelashamedwhenwetalktoourselves?A．Almosteverybodyhasthehabitoftalkingtothemselves.B．Talkingtoourselvescanhavepositiveeffectonus.C．Talkingtoourselvesalwaysgivesuscourage.D．Itdoesnoharmtohave“self-talk”whenwearealone.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A．Makeourselvesrelaxed. B．Remindourselves.C．Praiseourselves. D．Giveourselveshappiness.20．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Encouragingwordsaresuretoleadtokindoffers.B．Negativewordsmayinspireustomakemoreprogress.C．Itisbettertothinktwicebeforetalkingtoothers.D．Peopletendtorememberfriendlywords.【答案】17．A18．B19．C20．C【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章強調了言語的力量，指出無論是對別人的言語還是自言自語，積極和消極的影響都是持久的，因此對自己說話時應及時給予表揚，對他人說話時應意識到自己的言語對他人的影響，三思而后行。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Apopularsayinggoes,“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”However,that’snotreallytrue.Wordshavethepowertobuildusuportearusdown.Itdoesn’tmatterifthewordscomefromsomeoneelseorourselves—thepositiveandnegativeeffectsarejustaslasting.(俗話說：“棍棒和石頭可以打斷我的骨頭，但言語永遠傷害不了我?！比欢聦嵅⒎侨绱?。語言的力量可以建立我們，也可以讓我們崩潰。不管這些話是別人說的還是我們自己說的，積極和消極的影響都是一樣持久的。)”可知，本段主要說明了言語對我們有很大的積極的或消極的影響。故選A項。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Infact,wereallyshouldn’tbebecausemoreandmoreexpertsbelievetalkingtoourselvesoutloudisahealthyhabit.(事實上，我們真的不應該害怕，因為越來越多的專家認為大聲自言自語是一種健康的習慣。)”和第三段中“This“self-talk”helpsusmotivateourselves,rememberthings,solveproblems,andcalmourselvesdown.(這種“自我對話”可以幫助我們激勵自己，記住事情，解決問題，讓自己冷靜下來。)”可知，當我們自言自語時，我們沒有必要感到羞恥，因為這對我們有積極的影響，有益于我們的心理健康。故選B項。19．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線句的上文“Soinordertostaypositive,weshouldonlyspeakwordsofencouragementtoourselves.(因此，為了保持積極，我們應該只對自己說鼓勵的話。)”和下文“Thenexttimeyoufinishaproject,dowellinatest,orfinallycleanyourroom,joinmeinsaying“Goodjob!”(下次當你完成一個項目，在考試中取得好成績，或者終于打掃你的房間時，和我一起說“干得好！”)”可知，此處先提出自言自語的內容應該是鼓勵的話，然后舉例說明當自己做得好的時候，可以對自己說“干得好！”這樣的話。由此推知，畫線句應該是建議我們立即給自己一個表揚，即Praiseourselves“表揚自己”。故選C項。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Often,wordscomeoutofourmouthswithoutusthinkingabouttheeffecttheywillhave.Butweshouldbeawarethatourwordscausecertainresponsesinothers.(通常，話從我們嘴里說出來，我們沒有考慮它們會有什么影響。但我們應該意識到，我們的話會引起別人的某些反應。)”、倒數(shù)第二段中“Wordshavepowerbecauseoftheirlastingeffect.(言語的力量在于它的持久效果。)”和最后一段中“Wordspossesspower:bothpositiveandnegative.Thosearoundusreceiveencouragementwhenwespeakpositively.Wecanofferhope,buildself-esteem(自尊)andmotivateotherstodotheirbest.Negativewordsdestroyallthosethings.(言語具有力量：積極的和消極的。當我們積極地說話時，我們周圍的人會受到鼓勵。我們可以提供希望，建立自尊，激勵他人做到最好。消極的話語摧毀了所有這些。)”可知，我們常常在說話時忘記言語的力量，但言語的確有或積極的，或消極的持久影響，深刻地影響他人。由此可知，和別人說話前我們最好三思而后行。故選C項。（六）（23-24高一上·浙江臺州·期末）ArecentstudyconductedbytheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)showedthatwhilesportsmanshipamongplayershasimprovedovertheyears,sportsmanshipinthefansandparentshasreduced.Ithasalwaysinterestedmewhypeopleinthestandsoftenfeeltheyhaveinvestedmorethantheactualparticipants.Isitthetimeandmoneyinvestedintoprivatelessonsandtravelteams?Isitthecollegescholarshipweneedourchildrentoearn?Isitthefearofseeingourkidsfail?Inanyevent,we,asparentsandfans,shouldalltakeastepbackanddetermineifwearehelpingourkids,orunderminingtheexperience.Asafatheroffourkidswhoenjoysparticipatinginathletics,Ihavetoremindmyselfthatitisokaywhenmykidmissesashot,strikesout,ordoesn’tplaygoodenoughdefense.Thatfactis,itistheirgameandtheirexperience,andmyplayingdaysareover.AgoodreminderformewhenIfeelthatmykidneedsmyadvicefromthestandscomesfromthegreatJohnWooden,basketballplayerandheadcoachattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Heoncesaid,“Youngpeopleneedmodels,notcritics(批判者).”Insteadofbeingupsetwithwhatmykidisnotdoingwell,orhowanofficialhas“cheated”ourteam,Ishouldfocusonhelpingmykidlearntorespecttheotherteam.Ishouldwatchmylanguageandthenegativecommentsthatcouldcomefrommymouth.Ishouldrespecttheofficialsandnotargueeverycallthatismade.Perhapsmostimportantly,Ishouldsupportmykids’team,winorlose.Lifeistough,andlifeisnotfair.Likelife,sportsaretoughandnotalwaysfair.Yetsportscanbeawonderfultraininggroundforlife’schallenges.Justlikewewinsomeandlosesomeinsports,wealsodealwithplentyofsuccesses,challengesandfailuresinourlives.Let’strytobegoodsportsinboththewinningandlosingsituationsandduringoursuccesses,challengesandfailures.21．WhydoestheauthormentionNCAA’srecentstudy?A．Tointroducethetopicofsportsmanship.B．Toprovethereductionofsportsmanship.C．TostresstheexperienceofsportsmanshipD．Toshowtheimprovementofsportsmanship22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“invested”meaninparagraph1?A．Profited. B．Absorbed. C．Devoted. D．Harvested.23．Whatshouldparentsdotoencouragesportsmanshipaccordingtothetext?A．Expressdeepconcernabouttheotherteams’skills.B．Makepositivecommentsontheirkids’performance.C．Backtheirkids’teamwhatevertheresultofathleticsis.D．Respecttheotherplayers’honorwhatevercheatinghappens.24．Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Modestanddemanding.B．Strictandresponsible.C．Kindandwarm-hearted.D．Understandingandbroad-minded.【答案】21．A22．C23．C24．D【導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要講的是美國大學體育協(xié)會最近進行的一項研究表明，雖然多年來運動員的體育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的體育精神卻有所下降，作者在文中講了父母應該如何保持體育精神。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“ArecentstudyconductedbytheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)showedthatwhilesportsmanshipamongplayershasimprovedovertheyears,sportsmanshipinthefansandparentshasreduced.(美國大學體育協(xié)會最近進行的一項研究表明，雖然多年來運動員的體育精神有所提高，但球迷和父母的體育精神卻有所下降。)”可知，作者提到NCAA最近的研究的目的是引出體育精神這一主題。故選A。22．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的“Isitthetimeandmoneyinvestedintoprivatelessonsandtravelteams?(是在私人課程和旅行團隊上投入的時間和金錢嗎？)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子表示“我一直很感興趣的是，為什么看臺上的人總是覺得他們比實際的參與者投入了更多”，invest的意思是“投入”，和devote意思相近，故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Perhapsmostimportantly,Ishouldsupportmykids’team,winorlose.(也許最重要的是，我應該支持我孩子的球隊，無論輸贏。)”可知，父母應該無論比賽結果如何，都支持他們孩子的球隊。故選C。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Insteadofbeingupsetwithwhatmykidisnotdoingwell,orhowanofficialhas“cheated”ourteam,Ishouldfocusonhelpingmykidlearntorespecttheotherteam.Ishouldwatchmylanguageandthenegativecommentsthatcouldcomefrommymouth.Ishouldrespecttheofficialsandnotargueeverycallthatismade.Perhapsmostimportantly,Ishouldsupportmykids’team,winorlose.(應該專注于幫助我的孩子學會尊重另一個團隊，而不是為我的孩子做得不好，或者一個裁判員如何“欺騙”了我們的團隊而煩惱。我應該注意我的語言和可能從我嘴里發(fā)出的負面評論。我應該尊重裁判員，而不是對每一個判罰都進行爭論。也許最重要的是，我應該支持我孩子的球隊，無論輸贏。)”可知，作者是善解人意，心胸開闊的，即understanding和broad-minded。故選D。（七）（23-24高一上·浙江寧波·期末）Whenlivingortravellinginternationally,wenoticethedifferencesbetweenculturesbeforeseeingthesimilarities.Atfirst,somedifferencesareeasytospot.Overtime,however,therearesomecurioussimilaritiesbetweenhowpeopleintheUKandChinacommunicate.Indeed,internationalresidentsinbothcountriesoftencomplainabouthavingtoreadwhatlocalpeoplereallymean,becauseitoftendiffersfromwhatissaid.IntheUK,outsidersoftengetconfusedwhentheyrealisethatapersonmakingrudecommentswasactuallyshowinglove.Insituationslikethis,contextiseverything.Likewise,inChina,outsidersmustinfermostmeaningfromcontextandfromwhatisnotsaid,ratherthanfromwhatis.Otherwise,misunderstandingshappen.TheUKandChinacontextssharefurtherculturalfeatures,whichgreatlyinfluencehowpeoplecommunicate,includingtheculturaltrait(特點)ofnon-conflict.TheBritishwilldoeverythingtoavoidconflict.Theywillprobablytellthewaiteritwaslovelyevenwhenservedwithpoorqualityfood.Thisculturaltraitcancausemajormisunderstandings.Forexample,aBritishbusinesspartnerwhoisdeeplyunhappywithyourproposalwil