新課標(biāo)2024高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題練習(xí)14閱讀理解1

PAGEPAGE1專題練習(xí)十四閱讀理解1A(2024·遼寧省阜新市高三模擬)You'veprobablyvisitedtheTian'anmenGatetower—thelandmarkbuildingofBeijing,butyoumaynothaveheardofKuaiXiang.Alongwithhim,thefollowingremarkablearchitectsalltookthecenterstageattheirtimes.KuaiXiang(1398—1481)Tian'anmenGatetowerisuniversallyconsideredthebrainchildofKuaiXiang.Byfollowinginthefootstepsofancienthomebuilders,hesuccessfullypresentedtheEmperorJudywithagrandwoodenstructurewhichhasstoodthetestoftimeforalmost600years.Visitorsarealsohookedonitsdelicatepaintings.IeohMingPei(1917—2025)Hismottois：Traditionsshouldbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.Heisalwaysstrugglingwithinnovation.AlthoughundergrillingfromFrenchconservativecritics,hestillplantedaglasspyramidintothecourtyardoftheLouvre.HisotherworksincludeJohnF．KennedyLibrary,BeijingFragrantHillHotelandSuzhouMuseum.ZahaHadid(1950—2025)In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,theNobelPrizeforarchitecture.Sheusedtrickstomaximizeavailablespace.Herfluid-styleworkspioneertheconceptofmicro-living.Thecurves(曲線)ofGuangzhouOperaHouseperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofitssurroundingbuildings,formingauniqueview.MengFanchao(1959—present)Manypeopledismissedthebuildingofamegabridgeasapipedream,butMengFanchaoturnedthisintorealitybybuildingHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge.Thislongestcross-seabridge,whenviewedafar,lookslikeadynamicdragonbravingtherollingwavesofLingdingSea.本文是一篇說明文。介紹了四位杰出的建筑家KuaiXiang、IeobMingPei、ZahaHadid、MengFanchao以及他們的主要作品和成就。1．WhatcanweinferaboutKuaiXiang?A．Heneverfollowstraditions.B．Helacksfinancialsupport.C．Heisasuccessfularchitect.D．Helikesdelicatehooks.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Tian'anmenGatetowerisuniversallyconsideredthebrainchildofKuaiXiang.”可知，天安門城樓通常被認(rèn)為是蒯祥的才智結(jié)晶，這說明他是一個杰出的建筑家。故C項(xiàng)正確。2．What'sIeohMingPei'sattitudetowardscreation?A．Positive. B．Uncaring.C．Subjective. D．Disapproving.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段前兩句“Hismottois：Traditionsshouldbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.Heisalwaysstrugglingwithinnovation.”可知，IeohMingPei認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)被封存在博物館里的玻璃盒子里，而且他總是努力進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。這說明他對創(chuàng)建持主動的看法。故A項(xiàng)正確。3．WhatdoZahaHadidandMengFanchaohaveincommon?A．Theyemphasizetheuseofspace.B．Theysetaremarkablerecord.C．Theylikefollowingothers'opinions.D．Theirworksmeetwithaboycott.答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“In2004,shebecamethefirstwomantowinthePritzkerArchitecturePrize,theNobelPrizeforarchitecture.”可知，ZahaHadid成為第一個獲得建筑界的諾貝爾獎——普利茲克建筑獎的女性建筑家，她創(chuàng)建了一個新的紀(jì)錄；依據(jù)最終一段“Thislongestcross-seabridge,whenviewedafar,lookslikeadynamicdragonbravingtherollingwavesofLingdingSea.”可知，MengFanchao設(shè)計(jì)的港珠澳大橋是世界上最長的跨海大橋，他也創(chuàng)建了歷史。他們都在建筑歷史上留下了杰出的作品，創(chuàng)建了新的紀(jì)錄。故B項(xiàng)正確。B(2024·石家莊市中學(xué)畢業(yè)班模擬)Coca-Cola,whichreportedlyproducedmorethan3milliontonsofplasticpackagingin2024,announcedThursdayitwantsto“helpfixtheworld'splasticwasteproblemonecommunity(社區(qū))atatime”．Thesodagiantisdoingsobyproviding$5.4millionforrecyclingprogramsincitieslikeAtlanta,Boston,DenverandHouston.Inthesecities,partners,likeTheGreenBlueInstituteandTheRecyclingPartnership,whichreceivethemoney,willworktogethertoimproverecyclingrates.“WefocusonareaswherewehavetheabilitytomakethebiggestinfluenceoncommunitiesthroughthefundingandexpertskillsofCoca-Colaemployees，”CarlosPagoagoa,Coca-Cola'sgroupdirectorofcommunitypartnerships,saidinastatement.“Ineachcity,localpartnerswillworktogethertoidentifybarrierstorecyclingonalocallevelandtestarangeofsolutions，”headded.“Wehopethelearningsfromthese‘modelmarkets'canoffersolutionstoothercitiesfacingsimilarchallenges.”Aspartoftheeffort,TheRecyclingPartnershipandthecityofAtlanta,wherethecolacompany'sheadquartersarebased,willsendstreetteamsouttoopenrecyclingcartsandleavecitizenscardsinformingthemwhattheycanandcan'trecycle,andletthemknowhowtheireffortswork.“TwoofthemosturgentproblemswithrecyclingintheUStodayarelackofaccess,followedbypollutioninrecycling，”KeefeHarrison,CEOofTheRecyclingPartnership,saidinastatement.“WeknowfromthesuccessofAtlantain2024thatthecitizenswanttorecycle,andthatcommunicatingwiththeminthestreetworks.”Lastyear,Coca-Colaannounceditstasktocollectandreuseabottleorcanforeachoneitsells,andincreasetheamountofitsproductsoutofrecycledmaterialsto50%by2030.Thebrandalsoaimstomakeallitspackagingfullyrecyclableby2025.本文是一篇環(huán)保類短文閱讀。文章主要講解并描述可口可樂公司將提高產(chǎn)品包裝材料的回收率，直至其全部包裝完全可回收。1．WhatdoesCoca-Colacompanyintendtodointheprogram?A．Producelesspackaging.B．Helpdealwithplasticwaste.C．Pickupwasteincommunities.D．Buildaplanttorecycleplasticwaste.答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Coca-Cola,whichreportedlyproducedmorethan3milliontonsofplasticpackagingin2024,announcedThursdayitwantsto‘helpfixtheworld'splasticwasteproblemonecommunity(社區(qū))atatime’．”可知，可口可樂公司宣布，安排幫助一個社區(qū)解決一次全球塑料垃圾問題。故選B。2．What'sParagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowCoca-Colaconductsitsprogram.B．Whatorganizationsparticipateintheprogram.C．HowCoca-Colachoosescitiesfortheprogram.D．WhatthelocalpeopledoinCoca-Cola'sprogram.答案：A解析：段落大意題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Thesodagiantisdoingsobyproviding$5.4millionforrecyclingprogramsincitieslikeAtlanta,Boston,DenverandHouston.Inthesecities,partners,likeTheGreenBlueInstituteandTheRecyclingPartnership,whichreceivethemoney,willworktogethertoimproverecyclingrates.”(可口可樂公司為亞特蘭大、波士頓、丹佛和休斯頓等城市的回收項(xiàng)目供應(yīng)資金，并與合作伙伴共同努力來提高回收率)，從而可知，本段主要講解并描述可口可樂是如何執(zhí)行其安排的。故選A。3．Whatdostreetteamsdotohelp?A．Sortoutvariouswasteinthecity.B．Lookintothecauseofpollution.C．Instructlocalpeoplewhattorecycle.D．Handcardstothelocalsinperson.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段．..willsendstreetteamsouttoopenrecyclingcartsandleavecitizenscardsinformingthemwhattheycanandcan'trecycle,andletthemknowhowtheireffortswork.”(街頭團(tuán)隊(duì)給市民留下卡片，告知他們什么可以回收，什么不能回收)，可知，街頭團(tuán)隊(duì)指導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袢绾位厥绽?。故選C。4．WhatdoesKeefeHarrisonthinkoftheprogram?A．Promising. B．Difficult.C．Pioneering. D．Costly.答案：A解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第五段“WeknowfromthesuccessofAtlantain2024thatthecitizenswanttorecycle,andthatcommunicatingwiththeminthestreetworks.”(市民們想要回收垃圾，在街上與他們溝通是有效的)，可以推斷出，KeefeHarrison認(rèn)為此項(xiàng)目是有希望的。故選A。C(2024·山東省階段檢測聯(lián)合考試)Theresultsfromtheworld'slargestsleepstudyhaveshownthatpeoplewhosleeponaveragebetween7to8hourspernightperformbettercognitively(認(rèn)知地)thanthosewhosleeplessormorethanthisamount.Theworld'slargestsleepstudywaslaunchedinJune2024andwithindaysmorethan40,000peoplefromtheworldparticipatedintheonlinescientificinvestigation,whichincludedanin-depthquestionnaireandaseriesofcognitiveperformanceactivities.“Wereallywantedtocapturethesleepinghabitsofpeoplearoundtheentireglobe.Obviously,therehavebeenmanysmallersleepstudiesofpeopleinlaboratoriesbutwewantedtofindoutwhatsleepislikeintherealworld，”saysAdrianOwen,western'sresearcherinCognitiveNeuroscienceandImaging.“Peoplewhologgedingaveusalotofinformationaboutthemselves.Wehadafairlyextensivequestionnaireandtheytoldusthingslikewhichmedicationstheywereon,wheretheywereintheworldandwhatkindofeducationthey'dreceivedbecausetheseareallfactorsthatmighthavecontributedtosomeoftheresults.”Morethanhalfofallparticipantsreportedtypicallysleepinglessthan6.3hourspernight,aboutanhourlessthanthestudy'srecommendedamount.Oneshockingtruthwasthatmostparticipantswhosleptfourhoursorlessperformedasiftheywerealmostnineyearsolder.Anothersurprisingdiscoverywasthatsleepaffectedalladultsequally.Theamountofsleepassociatedwithhighlyfunctionalcognitivebehaviorwasthesameforeveryone,regardlessofage.Also,theharmassociatedwithtoolittle,ortoomuchsleepdidnotdependontheageoftheparticipants.“Wefoundthatthebestamountofsleeptokeepyourbrainperformingitsbestis7to8hourseverynight.Wealsofoundthatpeoplethatsleptmorethanthatamountwereequallyharmedasthosewhoslepttoolittle，”saysConorWild,OwenLabResearchAssociateandthestudy'sleadauthor.這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)世界最大的睡眠調(diào)查表明每晚睡眠時間在七到八個小時的人，認(rèn)知實(shí)力比睡眠時間小于這一數(shù)量的人更強(qiáng)。1．Wheredidthestudytakeplace?A．Inalab. B．Inthestreet.C．OnTV. D．OntheInternet.答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Theworld'slargestsleepstudywaslaunchedinJune2024andwithindaysmorethan40,000peoplefromtheworldparticipatedintheonlinescientificinvestigation，”可知，來自世界各地的4萬多人參加了這項(xiàng)網(wǎng)上科學(xué)調(diào)查，故可知探討是在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行的，故選D。2．WhatmayaffecttheresultofthestudyaccordingtoOwen?A．Career. B．Diet.C．Education. D．Exercise.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。第三段最終一句“Wehadafairlyextensivequestionnaireandtheytoldusthingslikewhichmedicationstheywereon,wheretheywereintheworldandwhatkindofeducationthey'dreceivedbecausetheseareallfactorsthatmighthavecontributedtosomeoftheresults.”可知，Owen認(rèn)為參加調(diào)查的人服用了哪些藥物，在世界上的什么地方，接受了什么樣的教化這些都是可能導(dǎo)致這些結(jié)果的因素。選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)Owen提到了會影響探討結(jié)果，故選C。3．What'sWild'sview?A．Sleepingtoomuchisasbadassleepingtoolittle.B．Peoplemustsleepforeighthourseverynight.C．Sleepingtoolittlecanmakepeoplelookolder.D．Peopleneedn'tpayattentiontotheamountofsleep.答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。最終一段其次句“Wealsofoundthatpeoplethatsleptmorethanthatamountwereequallyharmedasthosewhoslepttoolittle，”可知，Wild認(rèn)為睡眠太多和睡眠過少受到的損害是一樣的，故選A。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．OwenandWildarethefirsttostudysleep.B．Lackofenoughsleepisacommonproblem.C．Allthepeopleintheworldshowinterestinthestudy.D．Thereisnoeffectivewaytosolvethesleepproblem.答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Morethanhalfofallparticipantsreportedtypicallysleepinglessthan6.3hourspernight,aboutanhourlessthanthestudy'srecommendedamount.”可知，超過一半的參加者表示，他們每晚的睡眠時間通常少于6.3小時，比探討建議的睡眠時間少一個小時左右。即睡眠不足是一個很普遍的問題。故選B。D(2024·山東省濟(jì)南市高三模擬)NewYorkWalkingTour◆StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTourStartthisexcitingguided4-hourtourbygettingearlyReserveLineAccessboardingontheferrytoLibertyIsland.Oncethere,goinsidethebaseofthestatueandheadtotheobservationdecksforanawesomeviewofNewYorkCityanditssurroundings.ThencomebackontheferrytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.◆CentralParkWalkingTourWalkthroughCentralPark'smostpicturesquehighlightsona2-hourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.RememberyourNewYorkCityadventurewithunforgettableimagesofyouwithfamilyorfriendsasyoucirclethetowersatBelvedereCastle,walkthroughpathswithflowersintheConservatoryGarden,orfeedtheswansbytheLoebBoathouse.◆NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTourLearnaboutthehistoryofthebuildingsthatdefinetheNewYorkCityskylineona3-hourwalkingarchitecturetour.Walkdownthefamous42ndStreetcorridorwithalongtimeNewYorkresident(居民)andarchitecturalexpert,stoppingalongthewaytolearnaboutMidtownManhattan'smosticonicstructuresliketheChryslerBuilding,FordFoundation,GrandCentralStationandtheNewYorkPublicLibrary.◆GreenwichVillageWalkingTourGreenwichVillageisoneofNewYorkCity'smostbeautifulandfamousneighborhoods.Takeaguided2-hourwalkingtourofthislegendaryLowerManhattanspace.Hearaboutthefamousartistswhooncelivedhere,fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan,JimiHendrixandcountlessothers.WalkthewindingstreetsandvisitpopularWashingtonSquarePark,relivingmorethan200yearsofhistory.本文是一則廣告，介紹了紐約四條徒步旅行線路。1．WhydotouristsvisitEllisIsland?A．ToknowaboutAmericanimmigrationhistory.B．Toexplorethesurroundingsoftheisland.C．TogetawholeviewofNewYorkCity.D．ToobserveStatueofLibertyclosely.答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“ThencomebackontheferrytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.”可知，去EllisIsland可以了解1892年至1954年期間美國的移民歷史，故選A。2．WhowillgowithtouristsonCentralParkWalkingTour?A．Anexperiencedguide.B．Anarchitecturalexpert.C．Aprofessionalphotographer.D．AlongtimeNewYorkresident.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“WalkthroughCentralPark'smostpicturesquehighlightsona2-hourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.”可知，游客參觀中心公園有專業(yè)的攝影師陪伴，故選C。3．Whichtourtakesthelongesttime?A．CentralParkWalkingTour.B．GreenwichVillageWalkingTour.C．NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTour.D．StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour.答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Startthisexcitingguided4-hourtourbygettingearlyReserveLineAccessboardingontheferrytoLibertyIsland.”可知，StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour這條路途花費(fèi)4個小時，其他路途為2個小時或3個小時，這條是四條線路中時間最長的，故選D。4．WhatcantouristsdoonGreenwichVillageWalkingTour?A．Takeunforgettablepictures.B．ComeacrossBobDylan.C．VisitNewYorkPublicLibrary.D．Learnaboutfamousartists.答案：D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“Hearaboutthefamousartistswhooncelivedhere，fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan，JimiHendrixandcountlessothers.”可知，在這條線路中，游客可以了解在此生活過的聞名藝術(shù)家，故選D。E(2024·衡水中學(xué)高三第三次診斷)Ifwewanttofindoutwhatkindoftechnologypeopleusedinthepast,wenormallyhavetorelyonarchaeologiststofindruinedbuildingsandpartsoftoolsorinstrumentsormachines.Archaeologiststhentrytoreconstruct,sometimeswiththehelpofcomputertechnology,whattheseancientbuildingsandobjectsmusthavelookedlike,andhowtheymighthavebeenmade.Sometimeshistoriansareluckyandfindanancientdocumentwithawrittendescriptionoftheseancientbuildingsandobjects.Wecanunderstand,then,whyChinesehistoriansweresoexcitedwhentheyfoundcavepaintingswhichshowancientscience.Theyfoundthesepaintingsintheworld-renownedMogaoGrottoesofDunhuangCity,inNorthwestChina'sGansuProvince.Thereare500man-madecavesandtheyhavesurvivedforatleast1,600years.Almostallofthesecaveshavepaintingsontheirceilingsorwallsandtheydatefromthe4thto14thcenturies.WangJinyuisanexpertonthesecavepaintings(alsocalledfrescoes)andhesays:“Wediscoveredfrescoescontainingscientificandtechnologicalcontentinalmostallofthecaveswhichhavefrescoes.”WhatisremarkableaboutthesecavepaintingsaccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyisthattheyprovideevidenceof“scientificandtechnologicalinventionsbyancientChineseinmaths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,trafficandtransportation,armsandmilitaryequipmentandmedicalsciences”．Amongthediscoveriesexpertshavemadearecavepaintingsshowingancienttechniquesofpotterymakingandwineproductionandpaintingsshowingancientweavingmachinesandthentoothbrushes!Thepaintingsalsogivesomeevidenceofthelifestyleatthetimewith,forexample,picturesofpeopleboilingmilkover1,000yearsago.Expertsbelievethatthereismoreevidencetobefound,butevennowthecavesareawonderfulnaturalmuseum.Ifthewallsandceilingsofthecaveswereallputtogethertheywouldformatapestry20kilometerslongand2metershigh!Itwon'tbepossibletotravelbackintime—thatonlyhappensinfilms—butvisitingthesecaveswouldbethenearestexperienceyoucouldgettotravellingbackintime.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家們在中國甘肅的敦煌莫高窟的洞窟中發(fā)覺了反映古代科學(xué)的壁畫。1．WhywereChinesehistoriansexcitedwhentheyfoundcavepaintingsshowingancientscience?A．Becausetheyhadrarelyseencavepaintings.B．Becausetheycouldmaketheplaceatouristattraction.C．Becausetheycouldlearnaboutancientsciencethroughthem.D．Becausetheywouldbegivenlotsofmoneyforthediscovery.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“WhatisremarkableaboutthesecavepaintingsaccordingtotheXinhuaNewsAgencyisthattheyprovideevidenceof‘scientificandtechnologicalinventionsbyancientChineseinmaths,physics,chemistry,astronomy,geography,agronomy,architecture,textiles,trafficandtransportation,armsandmilitaryequipmentandmedicalsciences’”可知，這些壁畫為中國古代在數(shù)學(xué)、物理、化學(xué)、天文，地理、建筑以及農(nóng)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的科技獨(dú)創(chuàng)供應(yīng)了證據(jù)，由此可知科學(xué)家們對此感到很興奮的緣由是他們可以通過這些壁畫了解古代的科學(xué)，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．TheMogaoGrottoesofDunhuangCity________.A．have500man-madecavesB．havebeenthereforatmost1,600yearsC．helpustoknowlittleaboutancientscienceD．havepaintingsontheirceilingsineverycave答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thereare500man-madecavesandtheyhavesurvivedforatleast1,600years.”可知，敦煌莫高窟有500個人工洞窟，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．Expertshaddiscoveredcavepaintingsshowingtheancienttechniquesof________.A．potterymakingandwineproductionB．weavingmachinesandtoothbrushesC．boilingmilkover1,000yearsagoD．a(chǎn)rchitectureandweaving答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Amongthediscoveriesexpertshavemadearecavepaintingsshowingancienttechniquesofpotterymakingandwineproductionandpaintings”可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)覺壁畫中展示了古代制陶和釀酒技術(shù)，故A項(xiàng)正確。4．Thearticleismorelikelytobeselectedfromthemagazine________.A．ModernCountries B．BusinessWorldC．NetworkWorld D．PopularScience答案：D解析：文章出處題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了科學(xué)家們在中國甘肅敦煌莫高窟的洞窟中發(fā)覺了反映古代科學(xué)的壁畫，這屬于科學(xué)范疇，因此文章最有可能出自科學(xué)雜志，故D項(xiàng)正確。F(2024·昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)檢)Findingamountaingoatrestinghighonacliff(懸崖)mightthrillmanyofthemillionsoftouristswhovisitWyoming'sGrandTetonNationalParkeveryyear,butparkofficialssayitmightbetimeforthebeardedanimalstogo.Theproblem,accordingtothepark,isthatGrandTeton's100orsomountaingoatsthreatenabout80bighornsheep.Thebighornsheepnumberedasmanyas125justafewyearsago.Thestronggoatsspreaddiseaseandcompetewithbighornsheepforfood.Unlikesmall-sizedbighornsheep,GrandTeton'smountaingoatsaren'tnativetothepark.Theywereintroducedtotheparkinthe1960s.GrandTetonspokeswomanDeniseGermannsaid,“We'vegotamanagementresponsibilitytoprotectthenativespecies.Afterhearingfromthepublicontheproposal(建議)inJanuary,parkofficialsexpecttodecideassoonasmid-Februaryonwhattodoaboutthemountaingoats.”Thegoatsarereproducingrapidly.Nowmightbethebesttimetoreducetheanimalsbeforethey'retoomanytobringundercontrol,accordingtotheParkService.Onewildlifebiologistwhostudiesbighornsheeppraisedtheproposal.Mountaingoats'originalhabitatisnowhereclosetowhere