Unit3TheInternetDiscoveringUsefulStructures現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)講義-2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語人教版

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)回顧：現(xiàn)在完成時：（Presentperfectpassive）表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或者過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。基本形式：主語+have/has+過去分詞常用的時間狀語：already已經(jīng),yet尚（未），還，仍；更；迄今為止,just剛才；僅僅，只是；正好；剛要,never從不；決不,ever在任何時候；曾經(jīng)；一向，永遠；不斷地；究竟,sofar到目前為止,uptonow到目前為止；至今；迄今,for+時間段，since+時間點，bynow到如今；到目前為止,tillnow到現(xiàn)在為止，迄今等等...一、基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/hasbeendone二、基本用法：一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)至今，并可能延續(xù)下去。三、形式：句式形式肯定句主語+have/hasbeendone+其他.否定句主語+have/hasnotbeendone+其他.一般疑問句Have/Has+主語+beendone+其他?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone+其他?例：1）A90yearoldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear"forbeingBritain'soldestfulltimeemployee–stillworking40hoursaweek.一位90歲的老人被授予“年度女性“稱號，因為她是英國年齡最大的全職員工———仍然每周工作40小時。2）Theyhaven'tbeentoldtheexcitingnewsyet,havethey?還沒有人告訴他們這個令人激動的消息，是嗎?3）—Hasherworkbeenfinished?她的工作完成了嗎?Yes,ithas.是的,完成了。4）Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?這臺機器使用多久了?用法：1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，且動作與主語是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即主語是動作的承受者。常與時間狀語already,yet(否定句,疑問句),just,ever,recently,lately,sincethen其后，從此一直,eversince從那時到現(xiàn)在；自從；自…以后；從…起.Eg:Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetwillputoff.有人告訴我，運動會將會推遲（結(jié)果）Eg:Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeendone,andwe'rereadytostart.這項任務(wù)的所有準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)完成，我們準(zhǔn)備開始了。（影響）2.表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。常與for+一段時間或since+時間點等時間狀語連用。sofar,uptonow,tillnow,untilnow,bynow,thesedays,overtime,inrecentyears,in/over/during/forthelast/pastyears.Eg:Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺機器已經(jīng)修理了兩個小時了（持續(xù)）3.在時間或條件狀語從句中，常用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。Eg:Iwillgohomewhenmyhomeworkhasbeenfinished.家庭作業(yè)完成后我就回家。（將來某時處于被完成的狀態(tài)）Eg:Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.你不應(yīng)該在家庭作業(yè)完成之前就離開學(xué)校。五、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別動作發(fā)生的時間對現(xiàn)在有無影響現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)過去有一般過去時的被動語態(tài)過去無Eg:Thelibrarywasbuiltlastyear.去年修好了(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))Eg:Thelibraryhasbeenbuilt.修好了(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān))【注意一】主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)注意事項1.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞是短語動詞時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。1）Theytakegoodcareofthechildrenatschool.→Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofatschool.孩子們在學(xué)校受到很好的照顧。2）Youshouldn'tlaughatdisabledpeople.→Disabledpeopleshouldn'tbelaughedat.殘疾人不應(yīng)該被嘲笑。2.帶雙賓語的動詞，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時可以有兩種方法：(1)把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來。(2)把直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，而把間接賓語改為介詞to或for引起的狀語。用to還是for,根據(jù)動詞的搭配：一般動詞give,pass,show,send,bring要加介詞to;動詞buy,make,cook,mend要加介詞for。1）Hegavehersomemoney.他給她一些錢?！鶶hewasgivensomemoney./Somemoneywasgiventohim.2）Heboughtherawatch.他給她買了一塊表。→Shewasboughtawatch./Awatchwasboughtforher.3.帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子，變成被動語態(tài)時賓補相應(yīng)變?yōu)橹餮a：(1)在感官動詞(hear,see,watch,feel,notice等)和使役動詞(let,makehave等)在主動語態(tài)中后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補，但是改為被動語態(tài)時，要加上to，作主補。(2)如果主動語態(tài)中doing或todo作賓補時，變?yōu)楸粍訒r仍然用doing或todo的形式。1）Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.→Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.我們經(jīng)?？吹剿诤舆吷⑸⒉?）Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.→Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.他們讓孩子們每天工作12個小時3）Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.→Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.就在那一刻，我看見他在踢足球4）Ourteachertoldustocleantheroomatonce.→Weweretoldtocleantheroomatonce.老師告訴我們馬上打掃房間【注意二】使用被動語態(tài)時注意的幾個方面不用被動語態(tài)的情況1.系動詞look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等與形容詞連用時。1）Icefeelscold.冰摸上去涼。2）Yourbedroomsmeltsoterrible.你的臥室氣味難聞。3）Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.這項計劃證明是符合實際的。2.表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的詞begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,shut等。1）Workbeganat7o'clockthismorning.上午七點開始工作。2）Theshopclosesat6p.meveryday.這家店鋪每天下午6點關(guān)門。3.表示主語的某種屬性的詞read,write,act,cut,play,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等，通常和副詞well,easily,smoothly,badly,nicely等連用。其否定形式通常用won’t,表示拒絕。1）Thebookssellwell這些書很暢銷。2）Yourpenwritessmoothly.你的筆書寫起來很流暢。3）Thisknifecutswell.這把刀子很快。4）Thiscoatdrieseasily.這種外衣容易干。5）Therecorderwon'tplay.這錄音機不轉(zhuǎn)了。6）Thedoorwon'tlock/open.門鎖不上/打不開。get型被動語態(tài)：get+done表被動意義，相當(dāng)于be+done1）Hegotpaidbythemonth.他是按月領(lǐng)薪水的。2）Hefellandgothurt.他摔倒受傷了。3）Theygotmarriedlastweek.他們上周結(jié)婚了。4）Hiscargotdamagedinaroadaccident.他的車在交通事故中被毀了。It+be+過去分詞+從句1）Itissaidthatsheknowsthreelanguages.(=Sheissaidtoknowthreelanguages.)據(jù)說她懂三種語言。2）ItisreportedthattheAmericanpresidentwillvisitChinanextweek.(=TheAmericanpresidentisreportedtovisitChinanextweek.)據(jù)報道美國總統(tǒng)下周要訪華。常見的沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞及短語：spread,happen,occur(發(fā)生),takeplace,breakout,belongto,etrue,comeintobeing,eout(出版),eup(被提出),consistof(由……組成),giveout(用完,耗盡,runout(用完),turnout(證明是),turnup(出現(xiàn)),workout(產(chǎn)生,結(jié)果),datefrom/backto(追溯到)等。六、補充：1.由finish,buy,start,begin,past,return,borrow,marry,open,join等非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，例如for+一段時間，howlong.若要表達相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài).(1)轉(zhuǎn)化非延續(xù)形容詞，與表示一段時間的狀語連用.borrowkeep,buyhave,putonwear,gettosleepsleep.be+形容詞/副詞/介詞/名詞.start/beginbeon,gooutbeout.改變時態(tài)，不與一段時間的狀語連用.但在否定句中，非延續(xù)性動詞可以與一段時間連用.Eg:Ihaven'tborrowedbooksfromthelibrarysincelastyear.從去年起，我就沒有從圖書館借過書2.雙賓語動詞變被動語態(tài),主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise.(1)間接賓語變被動句主語，保留直接賓語主動句:Myunclehastakenmybrotheraputer.我叔叔給我弟弟帶了一臺電腦。被動句:Mybrotherhasbeentakenaputerbymyuncle.我哥哥被我叔叔拿走了臺電腦。(2)直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，間接賓語的前面要加上介詞to或for被動句:Aputerhasbeentakentomybrotherbymyuncle.我叔叔把一臺電腦帶給了我哥哥.3.帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)，主語+謂語+賓語+賓補賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓語補足語保留在原處，成為主語補足語。主動句：Ihavetoldhertowaitforyou.我已經(jīng)叫她等你了。被動句：shehasbeentoldtowaitforyoubyme.我告訴她等你。4.特殊:see,watch,hear,feel等感官動詞和have,let,make等使役動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式省略to.但變成被動語態(tài)后要還原to，不定式為主語補足語.主動句Theysawtheboygointotheroom.被動句Theboywasseentogointotheroom.5.副詞的位置,often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been之間.Eg:Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.這樣的人幾乎不被人相信。6.不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)。happen,occur,takeplace,（發(fā)生）belongto,（屬于）breakout,（爆發(fā)）cost（花費）,last（持續(xù)）但可用主動語態(tài)表被動意義.Eg:Lightmusicsoundsbeautiful.輕音樂聽起來很美。七、常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語：already已經(jīng)yet仍然；還recently/lately最近sincethen從那時起eversince自那以來ever曾經(jīng)sofar到目前為止foralongtime很長一段時間bynow到現(xiàn)在為止inrecentyears在最近幾年里in/during/over+thepast/lastyears在過去的幾年里例：1.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.門上的鎖已經(jīng)壞了2.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.窗戶已經(jīng)被打破了3.Twolaptopshavebeenstolen.兩臺筆記本電腦被盜了4.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.燒杯和試管已被銷毀5.Thebookcasehasbeenopenedandsomefileshavebeentakenawaywhileothershavebeenthrowneverywhere.書柜被打開，一些文件被拿走，另一些被扔到各處。6.Therobothasbeendamaged.該機器人已被損壞練習(xí)一．選擇題1.—ItisreportedthatInternationalsearchandrescue(救援)teamshaverushedtoTurkeytohelpforthehugeearthquake.—An82memberChinaSearchandRescueTeamthereaswell.A.sendsB.wassentC.hasbeensentD.hassent2.—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Itforweeks.A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleaned3.Twohousesfortheteacherssincetwoyearsago.A.arebuiltB.willbebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.werebuilt4.Manynewthingsinthelasttenyears.A.wereinventedB.willbeinventedC.areinventedD.havebeeninvented5.—Lily,willyougotoJenny'sbirthdaypartythisSaturday?—I'mnotsure,becauseIsofar.A.haveinvitedB.wasn'tinvitedC.haven'tbeeninvitedD.willbeinvited6.Threebooksbytheyoungmaninthepasttwoyears.Allofthemareverypopular.A.havebeenwrittenB.wroteC.werewrittenD.havewritten7.Don’teatthecake.Itinthefridgeformorethanaweek.A.willbekeptB.keepsC.hasbeenkeptD.kept8.—Doyouneedanyhelp?—No,thanks.Wealotofsupportsincelastyear.A.haveofferedB.havebeenofferedC.wereofferedD.wereoffering9.Theriverbywasteproductsfromthefactory.Wecanfindnofishinit.A.haspollutedB.willpolluteC.hasbeenpollutedD.willbepolluted10.Peoplewhotothepartyareveryexcited.A.haveinvitedB.hasbeeninvitedC.willinviteD.havebeeninvited二.將下列主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?.Youcanseethattheyhavenotpaintedthehouseforyears.2.Itissaidthattwothieveshavebrokenintothehouse.3.Havepeoplecriticizedhisviews?4.Hehasnottakenawaythetwobooks.5.Wherehaveyourepairedthemobilephone?6.ThepanyhasbroughtdownthepriceofthecolourTVsetagain.7.MyparentsgavemeatoyatChristmas.8.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.9.Theysawtheboysmokingacigarette.10.Thebossforcedtheworkerstoworkdayandnight.三.用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空1.Look,whatanoldbridge!Itlookssospecial!Yeah,it(build)fornearly500years.2.Morethan14,000books(collect)sincethelibrary(build)lastmonth.3.Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthat(set)upinmyhometown.4.Howmanyworkers(send)tobuildtherailwayrecently?5.Muchinformation(send)backtotheearthsincethespacemenbegantheirexplorationonthemoon.6.Muchparkingspaceincities(save)byusingsmallcars.7.Thispartofthesea(explore)manytimes.8.Allthepreparationforthetask(do),andwe'rereadytostart.9.I(employ)atthisjobsince1990.10.AkindofnewPC(build)withmorefunctionsrecently.11.IhearJan'slife(improve)bytheInternet.12.Theconstructionofthenewrailwaylines(finish)bytheworkersbynow.13.Noment(make)abouttheonlinedatabasetillnow.14.Agreatmanyfinecars(produce)bythecarfactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.15.Much(write)aboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWebsincethen.16.Itissaidthatthebook(translate)intoseverallanguages.17.Lookatthewaythepaths(sweep).You'dbetterdoitagain.18.Thechild(take)careofbygrandmaalltheseyears.19.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.20.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications(find)forme.四．句型訓(xùn)練1.Uptonow,morethanonehighrisebuilding

aroundourcity,makingitbigger.

到目前為止,我們城市周圍已經(jīng)建造了不止一座高層建筑,這使城市變得更大。2.Greatdiscoveries

inspaceexplorationinthelastfewdecades.

在過去的幾十年里,在太空探索中有了重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)。3.WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao

FudanUniversityforhistopscoreintheMathsContest.

我們很開心得知,李濤因為在數(shù)學(xué)競賽中得了高分已經(jīng)被復(fù)旦大學(xué)錄取了。4.Althoughmanymeasures

,theworld'seconomyisstillgoingdown.

盡管已經(jīng)采取了很多措施,世界經(jīng)濟仍然在下滑。5.Manyahouse

inthepowerfulearthquakeso