英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)省公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)示范課微課

英語(yǔ)單詞記憶方法與技巧

英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)1/28Word-formation構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)Derivation派生法Compound合成法

Conversion轉(zhuǎn)化法

掌握基本構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，對(duì)于正確地識(shí)記單詞，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提升記憶速度和記憶效果，培養(yǎng)自學(xué)能力，具有非常主要意義。簡(jiǎn)略詞合成詞縮略詞2/28Compound合成法把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上詞合成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞方法叫做合成法合成法1.直接寫(xiě)在一起。2.用連字符(-)連接。3.由兩個(gè)分開(kāi)詞組成。方法概念方式1.復(fù)合形容詞組成2.復(fù)合名詞組成。3.其它復(fù)合詞組成。3/28復(fù)合形容詞組成方式例詞形容詞＋形容詞red-hot，bitter-sweet,dark-blue形容詞＋名詞first-class,full-time,part-time,second-hand,bare-foot形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking,free-thinking,hard-working形容詞＋過(guò)去分詞

ready-made形容詞＋名詞-ed

good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded名詞＋名詞-ed

iron-willed名詞＋形容詞

world-famous，snow-white,seasick，lifelong名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞beauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-saving名詞＋過(guò)去分詞man-made,water-covered,snow-covered,hand-made副詞＋形容詞ever-green,over-sensitive副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working,far-seeing，far-reaching,well-meaning副詞＋過(guò)去分詞well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known數(shù)詞＋名詞

five-year,數(shù)詞＋名詞+形容詞

five-year-old,six-inch-tall數(shù)詞＋名詞-edfour-legged,six-storied,two-faced,four-cornered4/28red-hot，bitter-sweet,dark-bluefirst-class,full-time,part-time,second-hand,bare-footgood-looking,free-thinking,hard-working

ready-made

good-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded

iron-willed

world-famous，snow-white,seasick，lifelongbeauty-loving,freedom-loving,job-hunting,time-savingman-made,water-covered,snow-covered,hand-madeever-green,over-sensitivehard-working,far-seeing，far-reaching,well-meaningwell-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known

five-year,

five-year-old,six-inch-tallfour-legged,six-storied,two-faced,four-cornered5/28現(xiàn)成熾熱自由思維鐵意志

暈船終生美容興趣求職省時(shí)省力水覆蓋常綠，過(guò)分敏感遠(yuǎn)看到意義深遠(yuǎn)善意

充分準(zhǔn)備快速固化，兩面，6/28復(fù)合名詞組成方式例詞名詞＋名詞horseback,newspaper,cell-phone形容詞＋名詞back-yard,forehead，greenhouse,blackboard動(dòng)名詞＋名詞hiding-place,reading-room動(dòng)詞＋副詞get-off,break-in,breakdown,breakup副詞＋動(dòng)詞output,overflow動(dòng)詞＋名詞pickpocket,副詞＋名詞overcoat,inland代詞＋名詞he-goat,she-wolf名詞＋介詞＋名詞editor-in-chief,father-in-law7/28horseback,newspaper,cell-phoneback-yard,forehead，greenhouse,blackboardhiding-place,reading-roomget-off,break-in,breakdown,breakupoutput,overflowpickpocket,overcoat,inlandhe-goat,she-wolfeditor-in-chief,father-in-law8/28手機(jī)溫室，break-in中止breakdown故障breakup解體output,輸出overflow泛濫pickpocket扒手editor-in-chief,總編輯father-in-law岳父9/28其它復(fù)合詞組成方式例詞復(fù)合動(dòng)詞名詞＋動(dòng)詞day-dream，sun-bathe副詞＋動(dòng)詞overcome,outgrow形容詞＋動(dòng)詞white-wash復(fù)合副詞名詞+名詞sideways名詞+副詞headfirst形容詞+名詞meanwhile介詞+名詞beforehand復(fù)合代詞代詞賓格或物主代詞+self(selves)himself,ourselves

一些不定代詞+body(one,thing)everyone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)10/28day-dream，sun-batheovercome,outgrowwhite-washsidewaysheadfirstmeanwhilebeforehandhimself,ourselveseveryone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)11/28outgrow長(zhǎng)得比...快sideways側(cè)身headfirst莽撞地beforehand預(yù)先12/28轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion

轉(zhuǎn)化法概念方式英語(yǔ)中有些單詞,詞形不變,詞性卻能夠由一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)化成另一個(gè)。一個(gè)單詞由某一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)用為另一個(gè)詞類(lèi),這就是轉(zhuǎn)化。單詞轉(zhuǎn)換后意義往往與未轉(zhuǎn)換前意義有親密聯(lián)絡(luò)。1.名詞和動(dòng)詞之間轉(zhuǎn)化2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞(副詞)4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞13/28轉(zhuǎn)化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.嘗起來(lái){Ithasagoodtaste.Ittasteverygood.record

n.統(tǒng)計(jì)v.統(tǒng)計(jì){Hebroketherecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.14/28

名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞telephone電話→打電話slow慢→放慢front前面→前面down向下→擊倒hand手→交給warm暖→使溫暖black黑色→黑色back向后→后退record錄音→統(tǒng)計(jì)empty空→倒空noble貴族→高貴up向上→提升date日期→定日期better很好→改進(jìn)key鑰匙→關(guān)鍵name名字→命名cool清涼→使冷face臉→面對(duì)

動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞一些形容詞前加the后轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞drink喝→飲料perfect使完善→完美chief主要→首領(lǐng)thewounded受傷人們study學(xué)習(xí)→書(shū)房fit適合→適合first第一→第一個(gè)theblind盲人們lookat→havealookatwrong錯(cuò)誤→錯(cuò)誤thebeautiful漂亮東西轉(zhuǎn)化法例釋15/28簡(jiǎn)略詞合成詞縮略詞exam—examinationplane—aeroplanead.—advertisementmaths—mathematicssmoke+fog=smogmotor+hotel=motelTV—televisionTOEFL—TestofEnglishAsAForeignLanguagePLA—thepeople’sliberationArmyofChina16/28加前綴：happy---

___happy

加后綴：

develop---

develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生詞（derivation）

17/28常見(jiàn)

否定前綴中學(xué)英語(yǔ)書(shū)本中有許多單詞帶有否定前綴，假如能了解這些否定前綴含義，使用和記憶單詞是很有幫助。否定前綴加在一個(gè)詞前面就完全改變或否定了這個(gè)詞原來(lái)意義。前綴意義用法例詞un-不，未（=not)加在形容詞或副詞前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反動(dòng)作加在動(dòng)詞前uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，無(wú)加在形容詞或其派生名詞或副詞前incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名詞或形容詞前dishonour,羞辱

表示相反加在動(dòng)詞前dislike,disbelieve表示分離剝奪除去加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前discharge,排出dismiss辭退mis-表示錯(cuò)、誤加在名詞、動(dòng)詞或及其派生詞前mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding誤解

18/28unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,uncover,untie,unlock,undressincomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dishonour,羞辱dislike,disbelievedischarge,排出dismiss辭退mistake,misfortune,不幸misunderstanding誤解

19/28表示時(shí)間和其它關(guān)系前綴前綴意義用法例詞re-表示：再一次，重新用于動(dòng)詞及派生名詞名詞、形容詞及其它名詞前(=again)renew,續(xù)借

reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore-表示：時(shí)間或位置“在前面”加在動(dòng)詞或名詞前(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell預(yù)言,foreknow預(yù)卜pre-表示：在前、事先、預(yù)先加在名詞或形容詞前(=before,infront,inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistorypost-表示：時(shí)間和次序“在后邊”加在名詞或形容詞前(=after,behind)post-war,post-graduatea-表示：在之上，向，在里加在動(dòng)詞或名詞前，組成派生形容詞、副詞或介詞asleep,along,aloud,,alive,acrossco-表示：聯(lián)合、共同加在名詞或動(dòng)詞前co-worker,coexistco-own,co-ownerinter-表示:“相互”、“在一起”加在名詞、形容詞前組成動(dòng)詞(=between,among)interchange,internationalmid-表示：中間加在名詞前(=middle)midday,midnightsuper-表示：高級(jí)、在之上加在名詞前(=above,over,upon)superpower,超級(jí)大國(guó)，superstructure上層建筑20/28表示人和物名詞后綴后綴意義用法例詞

表示人

-er從事…職業(yè)人，做…人，…地方人加在動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞上teacher,workerlearner,-or與-er同義外來(lái)后綴，加在外來(lái)詞上visitor,conductoreducator,translator-eer從事于...人用于外來(lái)詞engineer,volunteermountaineer-ess女...加于名詞后，表示陰性actress,waitress-ician...(專(zhuān))家，...工作者加在以-ic結(jié)尾名詞或形容詞上physician,politicianmusician-ist從事...職業(yè)人，從事某種...文藝、學(xué)術(shù)人，...主義者加在名詞上，或–ize結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞上，或以-al結(jié)尾其它詞上artist,socialistcommunistphysicist表示物-er表示從事某工作物加在動(dòng)詞和名詞或復(fù)合詞上washer,洗衣機(jī)-or表示從事某工作物加在動(dòng)詞上conductor,導(dǎo)體，21/28用法例詞表示“人”，加在動(dòng)詞上listener,adviser,speaker,writer,driver,teacher,worker,singer,leader,waiter,runner,discoverer,explorer,maker表示“人”，加在名詞上banker,,officer,lawyer,prisoner,geographer,joker,表示“人”，加在一些地點(diǎn)名詞或一些形容詞Londoner,NewYorker,villager,Britisher,southerner,foreigner,outsider,stranger表示“人”，加在復(fù)合詞上housekeeper,管家,looker-on,旁觀者

表示“物”，加在動(dòng)詞上washer,boiler,container,lighter,打火機(jī)drawer,表示“物”，加在名詞上steamer,蒸籠washer,表示“物”，加在復(fù)合詞上loudspeaker,既表示“人”也表示“物”，加在動(dòng)詞上fighter,戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)printer,打印機(jī)印刷者

recorder,ruler后綴-er構(gòu)詞能力22/28抽象名詞和集合名詞后綴-agemarriage,luggage,postage郵費(fèi)

-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-itymajority,opportunity,-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance,-domkingdom,wisdom,freedom-ydifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval,-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,弟兄情誼，-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-erybravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery23/28后綴為-ion名詞規(guī)則例詞幾乎全部以-ate結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)槊~時(shí)首先去掉e再加-ion.educate/education,liberate/liberation,translate/translation,graduate/graduation,separate/separation,operate/operation多數(shù)以-t結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞直接在詞尾加-ion,少數(shù)以-te結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞首先去掉e再加-ion.act/action,invent/invention,inspect/inspection,elect/election,select/selection,connect/connection,collect/collection,instruct/instruction,devote/devotion,pollute/pollution多數(shù)以-ss結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞直接加-ion.discuss/discussion,oppress/oppression,express/expression,possess/possession多數(shù)以-de結(jié)尾與少數(shù)以-d結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞先把-de或-d變成-s再加-ion.decide/decision,divide/division,provide/provision,invade/invasion,expand/expansion,extend/extension以-mit結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，先把t變成-ss,再加-ion.admit/admission,commit/commission,承諾permit/permission,transmit/transmission轉(zhuǎn)交多數(shù)以-fy結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞先把y改成i再加-cation,少數(shù)以-efy或-fy結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞先去掉y再加-action.satisfy/satisfaction,modify/modification,修改

有些動(dòng)詞不是加-ion,而是加-ition,-tion,-ation或-sion而變成名詞，其中有些詞根因讀音關(guān)系而發(fā)生了改變。add/addition,attend/attention,absorb/absorption,describe/description,produce/production,reduce/reduction,solve/solution,determine/determination,explain/explanation,found/foundation,observe/observation,transport/transportation24/28形容詞后綴后綴意義用法例詞-able可/能…加在名詞或及物動(dòng)詞后valuable,horrible,-al有...性質(zhì)加在名詞后natural,technical,actual-ant,-ent...加在外來(lái)動(dòng)詞詞干上important,pleasant,excellent-ic,-ical...性質(zhì)，與...相關(guān)加在外來(lái)詞干名詞上atomic原子,electric,電動(dòng)basic基本-ish稍帶...，...氣，...民族，...語(yǔ)加在名詞或形容詞上用于民族國(guó)家地名之上feverish,childish,bookish書(shū)呆子

English,Spanish-ive有...傾向/性質(zhì)加在動(dòng)詞上instructive,教育性

expensive-ful充滿(mǎn)...，引發(fā)...加在名詞或少數(shù)名詞上thankful,powerful,tearful-less無(wú)/不...，不能...加在名詞或動(dòng)詞上homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充滿(mǎn)...，有...特征加在名詞上dangerous,famous,nervous-y有/多...，想...加在名詞上cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有...，有...特征加在名詞或動(dòng)詞上tired,interested,learned博學(xué)

-en由...構(gòu)(制)成加在物質(zhì)名詞上wooden,earthen,woolen-ern...方加在表示方位名詞上eastern,western,southern-ly有...性質(zhì)，...形狀加在名詞或形容詞上yearly,daily,orderly,lively25/28homeless,harmless,wirelessdangerous,famous,nervouscloudy,sunny,funny,sleepytired,interested,learned博學(xué)wooden,earthen,wooleneastern,western,southernyearly,daily,orderly,livelyweeklysisterly