武漢大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷14

武漢大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷14

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Theappearanceoftheusedcaris,it'smuchnewerthanitreallyis.

A^descriptive

B、indicative

C、deceptive

D^impressive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句后半句說轎車比實(shí)際的樣子新得多，那么前半句應(yīng)該說的是這輛

舊車的外觀具有迷惑性，即從車的外貌是看不出好壞的。deceptive“欺騙性的”正符

合句意，如：Appearancesarcdeceptive.（不可貌相。）dcscriptivc”描述的，敘述

的"，indicative"出示的，預(yù)示的，"impressive“令人印象深亥j的”都不是本題的答

案”

2、Shegotusedtohismannerofspeakingsoon.

A、hadbeenusedTo

B、wouldbeusedto

C、becameaccustomedto

D、usedto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

3、ForSaucesnotonlyusedhisintheholdup,butalsomaclehisget-awayinhis

owneasilyrecognizedfamilycar.

A、ammunition

B>pistol

C、armor

D、treason

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：搶劫中索斯使用了手槍，逃走的時(shí)候他又使用了自己那輛很容

易辨認(rèn)的家庭汽車。pis⑹手槍。ammunition軍火，彈藥。armor盔甲。treason通

敵，叛國。

4、Hecannotseeanythingwithouthisglasses,sohemadeaofrememberingto

getthemfixedbeforehewenttowork.

A^chore

B、success

C、point

D^mess

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：makeapointofdoingslh.認(rèn)為做某事重要或有必要；chore家務(wù)，瑣

事：success成功：mess混亂。

5、TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorshe

isanonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.

A、everythingexcept

B、anythingbut

C、nolessthan

D、nothingmorethan

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意是：個(gè)人電視觀眾總是感覺他或她僅僅是眾多形形色色的觀眾中

無名的，統(tǒng)計(jì)上無意義的一部分。everythingexcepl“唯獨(dú)沒有"：anythingbut"根本

不“；nolessthan”不少于，不亞于“；nothingmoret上an“無非是，僅僅根據(jù)題干

的意思，正確答案為D。

6、AlthoughDarwinismwasaprofoundlyworldview,itwasessentiallypassive,

sinceitprescribednostepstobetaken,novictoriesovernaturetobecelebrated,no

programoftriumphstobesuccessivelygained.

A、limited

debatable

C、innovative

D、paradoxical

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（innovative富有革新精神的）。句意為：盡管達(dá)爾文的學(xué)說代表深刻

而富有創(chuàng)新精神的世界觀，但它基本上是被動(dòng)的，因?yàn)樗鼪]有提出要采取的步驟，

沒有提出如何征服值得贊美的大自然，沒有提出連續(xù)取得勝利的計(jì)劃。A.limited

有限的；B.debatable可爭(zhēng)辯的;D.paradoxical似非而是的。

7、Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomakeforelderlypeopleintheir

housingprogrammes.

A^preparation

B、requirement

C、specification

D^provision

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查固定搭配。makepreparalionsfor表示“為...做準(zhǔn)備”；

makeprovisionfor指"為做好準(zhǔn)備，為預(yù)先采取措施”，著重指提前做出的

準(zhǔn)備。如：tomakeprovisionforthefuture準(zhǔn)備日后之需。不說makerequirement/

specificationfor。因此，答案為D。

8、Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseeminglysource

ofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyalewhavebeenutilized.

A^exploited

BNcontroversial

C、inexhaustible

D、remarkable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從句意尤其是后半句，可知此題應(yīng)選C（用不完的，用之不竭的。

如：aninexhaustiblesupplyofcoal用之不竭的煤炭供應(yīng)）。A（被開采的，被開發(fā)

的）、B（爭(zhēng)論的，爭(zhēng)議的）和D（不平常的，非凡的，顯著的）均錯(cuò)誤。

9^Threeweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfor

theybelievemorewere.

A、ontheverge

B、onthesly

C>onthespot

D^ontheloose

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：自殺性爆炸三個(gè)星期之后，警方還在搜尋爆炸者，因?yàn)樗麄兿?/p>

信還有更多的爆炸者在暗地里行動(dòng)。onthesly偷偷地，暗地里；ontheverge后跟

of結(jié)構(gòu)表示“在...的邊緣“；onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng),在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；oniheloose散漫，放蕩。

10^Thusbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountries.

A、arosethedivision

B、thedivisionarose

C^thedivisionwasarising

D^arisingthedivision

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：當(dāng)副詞ihus,then,there,here等詞置于句首，并且謂語動(dòng)詞為

arise,be,come,go,exist,follow等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，全句倒裝,例如：Then

followsthefashionshow.但如果主語為人稱代詞時(shí)，則不需要倒裝。

11、Thejetquicklyintotheskyandsoonwentoutofourview.

A、ascended

launched

C^assessed

D^descended

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：ascend”上升,追溯，登高“；launch”發(fā)射，使下

水”;assess”估定，評(píng)估"；descend”下降,屈尊,襲擊空格處的意思是:噴氣機(jī)

迅速升入空中，很快在我們的視野中消失了。

12、Thewaypeoplespendtheirleisuretimeiswhatmakespeopleandreveals

whotheyare.

A^distinguished

BNdiscretionary

C、distinct

D、discrete

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、Theprofessorgaveinstructiontothewholeclasssoastomakeevery

studentunderstandhowtoconducttheexperimentinthelab.

A、explicit

B、afflictive

C、authoritative

D、oblivious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

14、Nowthepublichasanunprecedentedchancetopeerovertheshouldersof

archaeologistsandhistoriansandgetafirsthandlookattheoftheMongolsand

theirAsianpredecessors.

A^legacy

B、bequest

C^converse

D^miracle

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：legacy遺產(chǎn)（祖先、前人或過去傳下來的某種東西）；bequest遺產(chǎn)，遺

贈(zèng)；converse相反的事物;miracle奇跡。

15、Lessonswritteninbloodthecolonialpeopletouprising.

A、propelled.

B、prompted

C、promoted

D^proceeded

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:agreeon商定；agreeto同意（計(jì)劃、建議等）；agreewith同意（某人的

看法或意見）；agree一般不與at搭配。

16、Criticismwithoutsuggestingareasofimprovementisnotandshouldbe

avoidedifpossible.

A、constructive

productive

C、descriptive

D、relative

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：原句意思為“沒有提出改進(jìn)方面的批評(píng)不是，如果可能的話，

也應(yīng)當(dāng)避免空白處的詞是對(duì)這種批評(píng)的評(píng)價(jià)，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選consiruclive,

“積極的，建設(shè)性的”。即“這種批評(píng)不是建設(shè)性的或有助于改進(jìn)的再例如：John

madeanumberofconstructivesuggestionsatthemeeting.（約翰在會(huì)上提出了許多積

極的建議。）produclive意為“產(chǎn)出的“；descriplive意為“描述的"；relalive意為“有關(guān)

的”。

17、Anewmaterial,wehavegoodreasontobeoptimistic.

A、developed

beingdeveloped

C、wasbeingdeveloped

D、wasdeveloped

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句話意為“我們有充分的理由保持樂觀的態(tài)度，因?yàn)槲覀儎?chuàng)造了一

種新的材料?！氨揪湓捒疾榈氖仟?dú)立主格的用法。正確答案為B。

18,MypanicwasandceasedwhenIbegantohavemyclass.

A、transient

B、permanent

C^trivial

D、contemporary

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：transient短暫的,瞬時(shí)的,虛幻的。permanent永久的,耐久的。

trivial瑣細(xì)的，輕微的。contemporary同時(shí)代的，當(dāng)代的。

19、Histickconvincednonebutthemost.

A、credulous

B、plausible

C、trustworthy

D、feasible

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：credulous輕信的,易受騙的；plausible似乎合理的，似乎真實(shí)的：

feasible可實(shí)行的，合宜的：這兩項(xiàng)都可根據(jù)上下文排除掉。Trustworthy可信賴

的。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A。

20、TheALSPACreportisthethirdinrecentyearstofindfewornoeffectsfrom

consumingmosttypesofseafoodduringpregnancy.

A^adverse

B、aggregate

C^antagonistic

D、animate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：adverse"不利的，敵對(duì)的，相反的“；aggregate”合計(jì)

的，集合的，聚合的"；antagonistic"反對(duì)的，敵對(duì)的"；animate“生氣勃勃的”。

21、FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat

training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

A^obliterate

sequester

C、encompass

D、terminate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:obliterate刪除；sequester扣壓，沒收，使隱退;encompass包圍;

terminate終結(jié),結(jié)束。

22、Perhapsmydisheswillnotbeasdeliciousasthosewhichyouareaccustomedto

eating,butIbegyoutograntmyandhavedinnerwithme.

A、resentment

requirement

C^request

D、reservation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說但請(qǐng)你答應(yīng)我的邀請(qǐng)。C項(xiàng)request”請(qǐng)求，要求，邀

請(qǐng)''符合題意，如：Yourpresenceisimmediatelyrequested.（即請(qǐng)光臨）。其他三項(xiàng)

resenlment“怨恨，憤恨"：requirement"需求，要求，必要條件，需要的東西，要求

必備的條件“；reservation”保留，（旅館房間等）預(yù)定，預(yù)約”都不正確。

23、Hehadwanteda25%raiseinpay,butaftertalkingtohisboss,hedecidedthata5%

raisewouldhaveto.

A、suffice

B、satisfy

C、gratify

D、delight

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：suffice使?jié)M足，表示帶有無奈情緒的滿足；satisfy滿足，主語為人；

gratify使?jié)M足，表示超出預(yù)想的滿足；delight（使）高興，（使）欣喜。句意：他本想得

到25%的工資漲幅，但在同老板淡話后，他認(rèn)為他不得不滿足于5%的漲幅。

24、Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythehostess'andenjoyedthedinnerpartyvery

much.

A^hostility

B、indignation

C、hospitality

D、humanity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：hospitality好客；hostility敵視,敵意；indignation義憤；humanity人

類；人性。句意：我被女主人的熱情好客所感動(dòng)，晚宴上十分高興。

25、Accordingtothelawofthatcountry,theParliamentwillhavetobebefore

theGeneralElection.

A^decomposed

dispersed

C、dissolved

D、disintegrated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：木題空格處是說大選前議會(huì)將被解散。C項(xiàng)“dissolved解散”符合題

意。其他三項(xiàng)“decomposed分解；dispersed分散，驅(qū)散；disinlegraled解體”都不正

確。

26、Dueinlargeparttothecomplexityofitsstructure-overtwohundredbones

togetherbyligaments—thehumanskeletonisamarvelofarchitecturalconstruction.

A、binging

bound

C、bounded

D、bind

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)之解析：句意：多半是由于其結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性（人體的200多根骨頭是有人帶連

接起來的），因此它是建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)奇跡。過去分詞短語用做后置修飾詞。

27^Thewaterwassoclearthatitthetreesontheriverbank.

A、shadowed

B、shaded

C>represented

D、reflected

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：shadow投陰影于，使朦朧；shade遮蔽，使陰暗，意思和shadow差

不多；represent表現(xiàn)，描繪；reflect反射，反映。根據(jù)句子的意思，reflected是正

確答案。

28、ThehospitaldeniesthereisanyconnectionbetweenthedisciplinaryactionandDr.

Reid'sabouthealthproblems.

A、allegiance

B、alliance

C、allegations

D、alliteration

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是allegiance"忠貞，效忠“；alliance"聯(lián)盟，我

合”；allegations”主張，言論"：alliteration“頭韻”。句子的意思是“醫(yī)院否認(rèn)紀(jì)律處

分與Dr.Reid有關(guān)健康問題的言論之間有關(guān)系”。艱據(jù)句意可推出正確答案是C選

項(xiàng)，如Arefusaltograntthetruthofastatementorallegation（否認(rèn)、拒絕承認(rèn)某陳述

或主張的真實(shí)性）。

29、Theofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.

A^clash

B、clarify

C、clarity

D^clatter

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題答案是C。C項(xiàng)的意思是：clarily清澈；明確。其他各選項(xiàng)的意

思是：clash沖突。clarify講清楚。clatter喧嚷，騷動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選擇C。

30、AmItounderstandthathisnewpostnoresponsibilitywithitatall?

A、keeps

B、supports

C、carries

D、possesses

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題答案是C。C項(xiàng)的意思是：carry攜帶，運(yùn)送，支持。其他各項(xiàng)

的意思是：ke叩保存，遵守；support支撐，扶持，支持；possess占有，擁有，持

有。

二、閱讀理解（本題共123題，每題1.0分，共123

分。）

IwastravellingthroughStHelensontheA58towardstheA580.andapproachingabend

tomyright.Luckilyit'sawideopenbendwithareasonableviewroundthecorner.I

spottedabiker'shelmetbehindacarcomingtowardsmeandIthought"He'sgonna

overtakethatbleedingcar!!"Isimplyrepositionedmyselfintotheleftgutterofmylane

andsureenoughhecameflyingpastthecaronthebend.HadInotspottedhishelmetjust

overtheroofofthecarandhadInotmovedintothekerbsideIwouldhaveranintohim.

headon.3yearsagoIwasnotsolucky.ThelefthandbendIwasapproachingwasonthe

crestofahillandthebikercoiningtowardsmeapexedthecornerontomysideofthe

road.Wemetheadon.Ionlyknowthisduetothepoliceaccidentreport,Ihave

absolutelynomemoryoftheeventsofthatbrightsunnySundayafternoononthe21stof

July2002.NorhaveIanymemoryoftheeventsthereafterforawholeweek.EveryoneI

tellthisstorytotellsmeIamkickytobealive.Iwishsomeonecouldtellmehowthis

defineslucky.IwishIknewhowbeingleftfbrdeadontheroad,having15hoursof

surgery,20pintsofsomeoneelse'sblood,6monthsofdepressionandhavingoneleg

shorterthantheotherislucky.Todaywaslucky.TodayIgottoRivi,hadabrewanda

chocolatebar.areallyinterestingtalkwithsomeonewhosemindisopeningandcame

hometowritethisblog.Thatislucky.Therearethingsfarworsethanbeingdead.I

appreciateIcanstillwalk,Iamthankfulfortheuseofbotharms,Iamgratefulmyscars

areonmylimbsnotmyface,IamhappyIamalive.Iwillnevertakeforgranted[he

thingsmybodycandoandthepowerofmymind.Iknowitcertainlycouldhavebeena

lotworse.ButdonottellmemyaccidentcouldhavebeenworseandIamlucky.Lucky

istoarriveatyourdestinationintactandhealthy.Luckyistoarriveatyourdestination

andfindthoseyoucareforarcalsointact,healthy...andalive.Asforthedead,theydo

notcare.(404words)

31、Whatisthispassageabout?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者反駁也人對(duì)“幸運(yùn)”的定義，同時(shí)提出自己對(duì)“幸運(yùn)''的理解。他認(rèn)

為沒有發(fā)生事故才算“幸運(yùn)”，而不能把沒有死亡定為“幸運(yùn)”。

32、Whycouldtheauthoravoidthetrafficaccidentlasttime?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第一段里的…repositionedmyselfintotheleftgutterofmylane和

movedintothekerbside都表明作者讓到了路邊。雖然文章中提到了A項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，

即拐彎之處很寬，但是這只是作者能夠看到迎面車輛及后面騎車人的原因，而不是

能夠避免那場(chǎng)交通事故的直接原因。B和D的內(nèi)容文章沒有提到。

33NWhatisNOTtrueabouthiminthisaccident?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第三句：作者與騎車人是迎面相撞，而不是騎車人從后面趕超

他時(shí)相撞。

34、Howwashefeelingaboutothers'sayingthathewasluckylasttime?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從全文的語氣來看，我們能夠感覺到他對(duì)這種說法非常反感，故選

Bo

35Whatistheimplicationoftheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：劃線的句子暗指作者非常珍惜尚未失去的器官。

ProfessorWalterOechsleroftheUniversityofMannheim(Germany)believesthe

workplaceandworkforceinthe21stcenturywillbecharacterizedby"flexibilization.H

Oechslerseesthe"flexibilization"oftheworkplaceandworkforceleadingto"acore

groupwithunlimitedfullemployment,andanincreasinglylargergroupofshort-term

limitedand/orpart-timeemployeeswhofacesevereemploymentrisks,ultimately

resultinginstress."Unfortunately,ImustagreewithOechsler'sratherunpleasant

prediction.Increasingglobalcompetitionwillleadtoincreasingpressureandstressonall

employees.Employeeswhoareunpreparedforthenewworkplacewillfindthemselvesat

greatrisk.Oechslergoesontodescribeamajorchangeincorporatestrategy."Whereas

thetypicalcorporatestrategyoftheindustrialsocietywasuniformmassproductionwith

Tayloristicstructuresandstableemployment,thedominantstrategyforglobal

competitionisflexiblespecialization.Thestrategyofflexiblespecializationisdirected

towardcustomerneeds."Thisshiftinfocusfromfixedstandardizedproduction

schedulestoflexiblecustomizedcustomerserviceswilldramaticallyaffecttheworkplace

andworkforce.The21st-centuryemployeewillhavetobringa"flexiblespecialization"

tothe21st-centuryorganization.Twenty-firstcenturyorganizationswillonlybe

interestedinhiringemployeeswhobringaspecializationthatwillservetheflexible

needsofcustomer/clients.Staffpositionstosupportthesecustomer-drivenprocesseswill

stillbeavailable,butthesestaffpositions(non-corecompetencies)willconstantlybere-

evaluatedinlightofpossibleoutsourcing.Exceptforasmallgroupofcoreprofessionals,

employeeswillhavetoadoptamindsetofsellingtheirspecialcompetenciestodifferent

employers.Oechslerenvisionstheseemployeesas"entrepreneursmarketingtheirown

humanresourcesinordertomakealiving".Employabilitywillbethekey-toemployee

survival,notthestabilityofthecompany.Anotherpowerfultrendintheworkplacewill

bethetechnologicallypossible"virtualcompany."Oechslerbelievesthevirtual

companycansuppresssocialinteractionandleadtonewformsofalienation.Whatwe

knowaboutgroupdynamicsinface-to-faceinteractionswillhavetobere-examinedin

virtualinteractions.Howwillemployeesreactinthedecentralizedworkstructuresofthe

virtualcompanies?Wesimplydon'tknow.Oechslerbelieves,"Informationtechnologies

willdissolvesocialentities.MIfOechsleriscorrect,whatnewentitiesandrelationships

willbecreated?Iassumethesocialaspectofourhumannaturehasn'tchanged.Oechsler

(2000)summarizeshispredictionsforthe21stcenturyworkforcebysaying,MThe

employeewilltakeonmoreandsevererisksofbeingunemployed."Theworkof

organizationaleffectiveness(OE)consultantswillbedramaticallyaffectedbythese

changesinemployer-employeerelations.Thedownsizing,outsourcing,andglobal

alliancesthatbegantograbheadlinesinthe1980swerenotsimplyfadsdrivenbyafew

greedycapitalists.Thesetrendsareindicatorsofthemorepowerfulmegatrendsof

increasingglobalcompetitionandincreasingtechnologicalsophistication.Nodoubt,

numerouspsychosocialproblemswillarisefromthesetrends.(467words)

36、Thispassageis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第一段，特別是第二行可以看出文章主要講Oechsler對(duì)21世紀(jì)的

工作地點(diǎn)和人力方面的預(yù)見C

37、WhatisNOTOechsler'sprediction?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A”未來要想找到工作，必須具備深?yuàn)W的知識(shí)”與第五和第六段所提到

的“未來需要的是有專項(xiàng)的人才、能產(chǎn)生出客戶所需產(chǎn)品的人才”不符。

38、Whatdoes"virtualcompany"（Line1—2,Para.7）mean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“虛擬公亙”指沒有固定的工作場(chǎng)所，員工可以在任何地方通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)

系和工作。

39、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章最后一段第二句。

40、WhichofthefollowingcanbestrepresentOechsler'sprediction?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“21世紀(jì)的工作人員和工作場(chǎng)所都是穩(wěn)定不變的”，概括了Occhsler

預(yù)言的兩個(gè)方面。

Therearefourbasictypesofcompetitioninbusinessthatformacontinuumfrompure

competitionthroughmonopolisticcompetitionandoligopoly（商品供應(yīng)壟斷）to

monopoly.Atoneendofthecontinuum,purecompetitionresultswheneverycompany

hasasimilarproduct.Companiesthatdealincommoditiessuchaswheatorcornare

ofteninvolvedinpurecompetition.Inpurecompetition,itisoftentheeaseandefficiency

ofdistributionthatinfluencespurchase.Incontrast,inmonopolisticcompetition,several

companiesmaycompeteforthesaleofitemsthatmaybesubstituted.Theclassic

exampleofmonopolisticcompetitioniscoffeeandtea.Ifthepriceofoneisperceivedas

toohigh,consumersmaybegintopurchasetheother.Couponsandotherdiscounts（折

扣）areoftenusedaspartofamarketingstrategytoinfluencesales.Oligopolyoccurs

whenafewcompaniesdominatethesalesofaproductorservice.Forexample,onlyfive

airlinecarrierscontrolmorethan70percentofallticketsalesintheUnitedStates.In

oligopoly,seriouscompetitionisnotconsidereddesirablebecauseitwouldresultin

reducedrevenueforeverycompanyinthegroup.Althoughpricewarsdooccur,inwhich

allcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendencytc

raisepricessimultaneouslyisalsousual.Finally,monopolyoccurswhenonlyonefirm

sellstheproduct.Somemonopolieshavebeentoleratedforproducersofgoodsand

servicesthathavebeenconsideredbasicoressential,includingelectricityandwater.In

thesecases,itisgovernmentcontrol,ratherthancompetition,thatprotectsandinfluences

sales.

41、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：文章介紹的就是商業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的四種基本形式。

42、Anexampleofproductinmonopolisticcompetitionis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由文章第二段容易得到答案。

43、Theword"tolerated"inparagraph4couldbestbereplacedby.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第四段中“tolerated”的意思是“允許”，所以答案為A。

44、Whatdoestheauthormeanbythestatement"Althoughpricewarsdooccur,in

whichallcompaniesoffersubstantialsavingstocustomers,asomewhatsimilartendency

toraisepricessimultaneouslyisalsousual"?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者的意志是，雖然也會(huì)出現(xiàn)顧客受益的價(jià)格戰(zhàn)，但所有的公司聯(lián)合

起來提高價(jià)格也是很常見的。

45、Theword"it"inparagraph3refersto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析："seriouscompetitiork..itwould…inthegroup.”這句話中的"it”顯然指

代前面的"seriouscompetition”。

Socialpsychologistsarcusedtohearingthattheirexperimentsareawasteoftime

becausetheyjustprovetheobvious,andtelluswhatwealwaysknew.Butthereisavery

simpleandeffectiveripostetothisaccusation.Thetroublewithfolk-wisdom(whatwc

alwaysknew)isthatittendstocomeinpairsofstatements,bothofwhichareobviously'

true,butwhich-unfortunately-aremutuallyexclusive.Forexample,birdsofafeather

flocktogether,butwhatabouttheattractionofopposites?Experimentsmaynotbeas

muchfunasintuitions,buttheysometimestelluswhichproverbsareactuallytrue,cr

(mooroften)inwhatcircumstanceswhichapply.Thereisoneotherpreconceptiontobe

removedbeforetacklingthequestionofwhomwelikeandlove,whomwefindattractive

andmakefriendswith:"Whybothertostudyanareainwhichweareallexpert

practitioners?'*Well,ffyoubelievethat,haveawordwithamarriageguidance

counselor,apsychiatrist,orsomeoneinvolvedinindustrialrelations.Researchon

friendshiphasestablishedanumberoffacts,someinteresting,someevenuseful.Didyou

knowthattheaveragestudenthas5-6friends,orthatafriendwhowaspreviouslyan

enemyislikedmorethantheonewhohasalwaysbeenontherightside?Wouldyou

believethatphysicallyattractiveindividualsarepreferredasfriendstothoselesscomely,

andisitfair(hatphysicallyattractivedefendantsarelesslikelytobefoundguiltyin

court?Unfortunately,suchtidbitsdon'ttellusmuchmorethanthenatureorthepurpose

offriendship.Infact,studiesoffriendshipseemtoimplicatemorecomplexfactors.For

example,onefunctionfriendshipseemstofulfillisthatitsupportstheimagewehaveof

ourselves,andconfirmsthevalueoftheattitudeswehold.Severalstudieshaveshown

thatwejudgethemtobemorelikeusthanthey(objectively)are.Thissuggeststhatwe

oughttochoosefriendswhoaresimilartous('birdsofafeather')ratherthanthosewho

wouldbecomplementary('oppositesattract'),apredictionwhichissupportedby

empiricalevidence,atleastsofarasattitudesandbeliefsareconcerned.Inone

experiment,somedevelopingfriendshipsweremonitoredamongstfirst-yearstudents

livinginthesamehostel.Itwasfoundthatsimilarityofattitudes(towardspolitics,

religion,andethics,pastimesandaesthetics)wasagoodpredictorofwhatfriendships

wouldbeestablishedbytheendoffourmonths,thoughithadlesstodowithinitial

alliances.Thedifficultyoflinkingfriendshipwithsimilarityofpersonalityprobably

reflectsthecomplexityofourpersonalities.Thisofcoursecanexplainwhywemayhave

twoclosefriendswhohavelittleincommonandindeeddislikeeachother.Byandlarge,

though,itlooksasthoughwewoulddowelltochoosefriends(andspouses)who

resembleus.Ifthiswerenotso,computerdatingagencieswouldhavegoneoutof

businessyearsago.

46、Themainpurposeofthearticleseems.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

47、Experimentsconductedbysocialpsychologistsarefrequentlycriticizedbecause

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

48NResearchintothereasonsforfriendshipisthoughttobeunnecessarybecause

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

49、Researchimofriendshiphasdemonstratedthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

50、Severalstudiesoffriendshiphaveindicatedthatinseekingfriendswe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

51、Theexperimentconductedonstudentslivinginahostelsuggestedthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

52、Thelastparagraphseemstoimplythat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Whenamemberofanethnicminoritygroupacquiresthebehaviorpatterns,lifestyles,

values,andlanguageofthemainstreamculturewesaythatheorshehasbecome

culturallyassimilated.Sincethedominantgroupcontrolsmostofthesocial,economic,

andpoliticalinstitutionsinasociety,membersofethnicminoritygroupsmustacquireits

culturaltraitstomoveupthesocialandeconomicladder.Whenstudyingthisconcept,it

isimportanttolearnthatalthoughnon-Whiteethnicminoritiesmaybecometotally

assimilatedculturally,theywillstillbevictimsofdiscriminationandracismbecauseof

theirdifferentphysicalcharacteristics.AwidespreadmythisthatMexicanAmericans

andAfro-Americansexperiencediscriminationbecausetheyoftenhavemeager

educationsandliveinghettos.EventhoughitistruethatmanyBlacksandMexican

Americansaremembersofthelowersocioeconomicclasses,andthatalllower-class

individualsaretreateddifferentlythanmiddle-andupper-classpeople,itisalsotruethat

BlacksandChicanoswithhigheducationsandincomesfrequentlyexperience

discriminationbecauseoftheircolor.SinceAmericanracismisbasedlargelyonskin

color,nodegreeofculturalassimilationeliminatesit.Somediscussionofforced

assimilationandculturalgenocideshouldtakeplacewhenstudentsstudycultural

assimilation.Assimilationoftenoccurswhenaminoritygroup"voluntarily"acquiresthe

behaviorpatternsandlifestylesofdominantgroupioattainsocialmobilityand

occupationalsuccess.Iusethewordvoluntarilyheresomewhatreluctantlybecause

withoutsomedegreeofculturalassimilation,agroupthatisverydifferentculturallymay

notbeabletosurviveinaparticularculture.However,inthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,

someformsofculturalassimilationthattookplaceweretotallynonvoluntaryandmight

becalledforcedassimilationbecausetheculturesofcertaingroupsweredeliberately

destroyed(culturalgenocide).Thesegroupswereforcedtoacquirethelanguage,

lifestyles,andvaluesofthedominantculture.Individualsandgroupswhorefusedto

acceptthedominantcultureweresometimesthevictimsofseverepunishments,suchas

death.TheculturesofAfricangroupsweredeliberatelydestroyedbytheslavemasters.

Thisculturaldestructionbeganontheslaveships.Itseemsthatsystematicanddeliberate

attemptsweremadetodestroyIndiancultures.Theseeffortswerehighlysuccessfulsince

manyoftheculturalelementsofthesegroupsnowexistonlyinthepagesofhistory,and

sometimesnoteventheresincetheywereoftendestroyedbeforetheycouldberecorded.

53、Whichofthefollowingisthemostpossibletitleforthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

54、Regardlessofculturalfactors,non-Whiteminoritiesare.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

55Theunderlinedword"ghettos"(inParagraph2)aretheplaces.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

56>Minoritygroupsoftenexperiencediscriminationmainlybecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

57、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

58>Themostseverepenaltythatthegroupswhorefusetoacceptthedominantculture

mayfaceis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

TogetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmore

thantwodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs——thesamelampshehad

lefttherein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.

HechosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,andextremely

efficientEachofhislampsproducesausefula-mountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thenlopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingCountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent（白熾的）lightsaswell—somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago,butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlightAroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfbrtherapid

switchoveraresimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast

400.millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.Muchbiggersavingsawaitif

LEDscansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatinga

white-lightLEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatough

engineeringchallenge.But