專題16.1 閱讀理解（應(yīng)用文）（第02期） 帶解析

2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編（一）【2019?江西省中考】ThisistheschooltimetableofClassOne,GradeThree,SunshineSchoolonMonday.8:00—10:00amTechnologyInthislesson,studentslearnhowtosurftheInternetsafelyandeffectively.10:00—11;00amDramaDuringthislesson,studentswillhavethechancetoactoutroleswithotherstudents.11:00—11:45amPaintingStudentslearnhowtousewatercolorsproperly.Iftheweatherisgood,thelessonmaytakeplaceoutdoors.LUNCH1:00—2:00pmScience(Biologyorchemistry)Studentscanchoosewhichclasstoattend.Inbiologythisweek,studentswilllearnaboutthebonesinhumans.Inchemistry,thesubjectisHowexplosionshappen.2:00—3:45pmSPORTS2:00pmTheory(理論)Studentslearnabouttheskillsusedinacertainsport.Weseerealactionfrompastgamesonvideos.3:00pmPracticeStudentswillplayashortmatchlasting45minutes.Thisweek,thesportsaresoccer(theboys)andvolleyball(forgirls).HomeworkTechnology—theteacherwillgivestudentswebsitestolookup(about20minutes)Drama—studentshavetolearnapartforthenextlesson(30-60minutes)Biology/chemistry—studentshavetowriteareportofthelesson(about40minutes)1.Whattimedoesthedramalessonbegin?A.At8:00am. B.At10:00am. C.At1:00pm. D.At2:00pm.2.Howlongdoesthesciencehomeworktake?A.Atleast90minutes. B.About20minutes.C.Morethan60minutes. D.About40minutes.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetimetable?A.Studentsalwaystaketheirpaintinglessonsoutsides.B.Boystudentswillplayashortsoccermatchthisweek.C.Studentswilluseskillsinrealgamesinthetheorylesson.D.Studentslearnhowtofixcomputersinthetechnologylesson.【文章大意】這是陽(yáng)光學(xué)校三年級(jí)一班星期一的時(shí)間表。1.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)10:00-11;00amDramaDuringthislesson,studentswillhavethechancetoactoutroleswithotherstudents.可知是10點(diǎn)開(kāi)始；故選B。2.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Science(Biologyorchemistry)HomeworkBiology/chemistry-studentshavetowriteareportofthelesson(about40minutes)可知大約花費(fèi)40分鐘；故選D。3.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Iftheweatherisgood,thelessonmaytakeplaceoutdoors.可知A不對(duì)；根據(jù)Studentswillplayashortmatchlasting45minutes.Thisweek,thesportsaresoccer(theboys)可知B對(duì)；根據(jù)Studentslearnabouttheskillsusedinacertainsport.Weseerealactionfrompastgamesonvideos.可知C不對(duì)；根據(jù)Inthislesson,studentslearnhowtosurftheInternetsafelyandeffectively.可知D不對(duì)；故選B。（二）【2019?江蘇省蘇州市】SchoolholidayactivitiesatthelibraryActivityWhenCostWhoCartooningwithEvaLeungTuesday7June,9—11a.m.﹩3.00to.coverthecostofartpaperandpencils5to8-year-oldsActivityWhenCostWhoCartooningwithEvaLeungWednesday8June,9—11a.m.$3.00tocoverthecostofartpaperandpencils9to10-year-oldsEvaLeungisfamousforhercartoonspublishedregularlyinKIDStimemagazineActivityWhenCostWhoKite-makingWednesday8June,2—4p.m.$3.00tocoverthecostofpaper,stringandothermaterials5to10-year-oldsActivityWhenCostWhoKite-makingThursday9June,2—4p.m.$3.00tocoverthecostofpaper,stringandothermaterials5to10-year-olds4.Whoisthisposterfor?A.Cartoonists. B.Librarians. C.Writers. D.Children.5.Onwhichdayaretheretwodifferentactivities?A.Monday. B.Tuesday. C.Wednesday. D.Thursday.6.Whyaretheretwocartooningclassesontheprogram?A.Becausetheclassesarefordifferentagegroups.B.BecausemoretimeisneededtolearncartooningC.Becausethereisastrictlimitonnumbersforeachclass.D.Becausesomechildrenmightwanttodoboththeclasses.【文章大意】本文是廣告類閱讀，介紹了圖書(shū)館針對(duì)少年兒童的活動(dòng)信息：主題、時(shí)間、費(fèi)用（材料）和活動(dòng)對(duì)象。4.D【解析】題意：這張海報(bào)是給誰(shuí)的?考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Schoolholidayactivitiesatthelibrary和海報(bào)的年齡信息（Who）可知都是孩子們的活動(dòng)，故選D。5.C【解析】題意：哪一天有兩種不同的活動(dòng)?考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二則Activity:CartooningwithEvaLeung/When:Wednesday8June,9—11a.m.和第三則Activity:Kite-making/When:Wednesday8June,2—4p.m.可知6月8日星期三上午和下午都有活動(dòng)，故選C。6.A【解析】題意：為什么計(jì)劃中有兩個(gè)卡通班?考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。前面兩則都是卡通課，根據(jù)第一則Who:5to8-year-olds和第二則Who:9to10-year-olds可知對(duì)象不一樣，Becausetheclassesarefordifferentagegroups.符合題意，故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解是最能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)能力的題型，分值較高，如何通過(guò)解題方法的掌握來(lái)提升自己解答閱讀理解題的技巧是學(xué)生最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。初中閱讀理解一般考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，主旨理解能力和推理判斷能力。做閱讀理解題，首先要準(zhǔn)確理解題意，然后根據(jù)題意根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容做出正確的答案。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，此類型題較簡(jiǎn)單，準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜詞能力。做這種題型時(shí)，要根據(jù)上下文意思準(zhǔn)確猜出詞意。3）考查推理判斷能力，此類題型較難，準(zhǔn)確理解題意后，在文中找出相關(guān)的內(nèi)容做出合理的推斷。（4）考查主旨理解題。此類題型需通讀全文，整體把握，根據(jù)文本主要內(nèi)容選擇合適的選項(xiàng)。（三）【2019?湖南省郴州市】閱讀下面的圖表,完成下列小題。ShoppingGuideinJixangHypermarket5FRestaurant,Teahouse,Coffeehouse,Cinema4FChildren’sclothing,Children’spleasureground3FMen’sclothing,Sportsclothing2FWomen’sclothing1FFruits,vegetables,meat,eggs,drinks,cookedfood,etc.Businesshours:Weekdays:8:00a.m.—9:30p.m.Weekends:8:30a.m.—10:00p.m.7.Youcanbuyashirtforyourfatheron_________.A.thethirdfloor B.thefourthfloor C.thefifthfloor8.Accordingtotheguide,youcangoshoppingat_________onweekends.A.8:00a.m. B.9:30p.m. C.10:30p.m.【文章大意】這篇短文主要介紹了Jixang超市導(dǎo)購(gòu)指南。7.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中3FMen’sclothing,Sportsclothing可知，在第三層可以給父親買襯衫。故選A。8.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Businesshours:Weekdays:8:00a.m-9:30p.m;Weekends:8:30a.m.-10:00p.m可知，在周末下午9點(diǎn)半可以購(gòu)物。根據(jù)題意，故選B。（四）【2019?湖南省郴州市】閱讀下面的圖表,完成下列小題。Huaweihasannouncedtodaythatsmartphonesalesabroadin2018havereachedover200millionunits.InrecentmonthsthecompanyhasbecometheNo.2supplier（供應(yīng)商）ofsmartphones,aheadofAppleandbehindSamsung,markingagreatprogressHuaweihasmadesinceitenteredthismarketeightyearsago.AnextendedversionoftheFuzingbullettrainwillbefittedwiththeautomatictrainoperationsystem（列車自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)）.Withadesignspeedof350kilometersperhour,thenewtrainis439.8meterslong,with17carriages（火車車廂）thatcancarry1283passengers.Theworld’sfirst5G-enabledrailwaystationisonitsway!TheShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStationisthefirstrailwaystationbuiltuponthe5Gdigital（數(shù)字的）indoorsystem,withChinaMobileandHuaweilaunching（發(fā)射）thenetwork’ssystemthere.9.Inrecentmonths,whichcompanyhasbecometheNo.2supplierofsmartphones?A.Samsung. B.Huawei. C.Apple.10.AnextendedversionoftheFuzingbullettraincanreachthespeedof_________.A.350kilometersperhourB.200kilometersperhourC.128kilometersperhour11._________willbetheworld’sfirst5G-enabledrailwaystation?A.BeijingRailwayStationB.ShenzhenRailwayStationC.TheShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStation【文章大意】這篇短文主要介紹了三個(gè)科技的發(fā)展：華為智能手機(jī)；新列車自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)；5G的火車站。9.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Huaweihasannouncedtodaythatsmartphonesalesabroadin2018havereachedover200millionunits.InrecentmonthsthecompanyhasbecometheNo.2supplier（供應(yīng)商）ofsmartphones可知，華為已成為智能手機(jī)的第二大供應(yīng)商。故選B。10.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中AnextendedversionoftheFuzingbullettrainwillbefittedwiththeautomatictrainoperationsystem（列車自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)）.Withadesignspeedof350kilometersperhour可知，它的時(shí)速可以達(dá)到350公里。故選A。11.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中TheShanghaiHongqiaoRailwayStationisthefirstrailwaystationbuiltuponthe5Gdigital（數(shù)字的）indoorsystem可知，是在上海虹橋火車站。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】我們?cè)谧鲩喿x理解題時(shí)，就要明確初中閱讀理解考查的主要內(nèi)容，在此基礎(chǔ)上，快速閱讀全文，了解文章大意；在了解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，抓住首尾句；認(rèn)真仔細(xì)、逐步答題；平心靜氣，不急躁，仔細(xì)檢查，減少誤差。嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)，閱讀理解主要要求是：1.掌握閱讀主旨大意，用以說(shuō)明主旨大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)；2.既理解具體事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念；3.既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度以及意圖等。（五）【2019?浙江省杭州市】TheCoffeePotRestaurantWe’relookingforSaturdayassistants(幫手)inourbusytowncentrerestaurant.Thejobwillincludesettingandclearingtables,servingcustomersandhelpinginthekitchen.We’relookingforpoliteandpatientpeoplewhocanworkunderpressure.Hours:10am-4pmincludingahalf-hourlunchbreak.Pay:￡5anhour+lunchFilmExtrasWantedHaveyoueverwantedtobeinthemovies?Areyouinterestedinacting?We’remakingafilminthelocalareaduringJulyandAugustandwe’llneedseveralyoungpeopleasextras(臨時(shí)演員).We’relookingforactiveandsocial14-18-year-olds.Pay:￡50aday+meals.Pleaseincludearecentphotographinyourapplication.NewspaperBoys/GirlsWe’relookingforhonestyoungpeopletodeliver(投遞)newspapersandmagazines.Weneedonepersonformorningdeliveries(7-8)andtwopeopleforeveningdeliveries(5-6).Youmustbeatleast13yearsoldandhaveyourownbicycle.Formorningdeliveriesyouneedtobegoodatgettingupearly,too!Pay:￡30aweekWhenyouapply(申請(qǐng)),pleasesaywhetheryouprefermorningsorevenings.PART-TIMEASSISTANTSWANTEDShop’n’SaveSupermarketneedstwoyoungpeople(14-18)foreveningandweekendwork.Thejobincludeshelpingcustomers,puttingthingsontheshelves,collectingtrolleys,etc.Hours:5-7eveningsor10-5SaturdaysandSundays.Pay:￡4anhourandfreelunchforweekendhours12.Tobeafilmextra,onehastobe_________.A.politeandpatient B.activeandsocial C.honestandstrong D.helpfulandcareful13.Apart-timeassistantatShop’n’SaveSupermarketneedsto_________.A.setandcleartables B.provideaphoto C.delivernewspapers D.helpcustomers14.If13-year-oldTomisfreefrom5:00pmto7:00pm,whichjobcanheapplyfor?A.Arestaurantassistant. B.Afilmextra.C.Anewspaperboy. D.Asupermarketassistant.【文章大意】這篇短文由四個(gè)廣告組成，第一個(gè)廣告是某餐館在尋找?guī)褪?；第二個(gè)廣告是招聘臨時(shí)演員；第三個(gè)廣告是找送報(bào)紙和雜志的男孩或女孩；最后一個(gè)是某超市招聘兼職的工作人員。12.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)廣告中We’relookingforactiveandsocial14-18-year-olds可知，臨時(shí)演員應(yīng)該積極、有社交能力。由此可知應(yīng)選B。13.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四個(gè)廣告中Thejobincludeshelpingcustomers,puttingthingsontheshelves,collectingtrolleys,etc.可知，Shop’n’Save這個(gè)超市招聘工作人員來(lái)幫助顧客、把東西放到架子上，收集手推車等等。由此可知應(yīng)選D。14.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題意可知，Tom13歲了，下午5點(diǎn)到7點(diǎn)有時(shí)間，按照這些條件我們?cè)诿總€(gè)廣告中尋找，根據(jù)第三個(gè)廣告Weneedonepersonformorningdeliveries(7-8)andtwopeopleforeveningdeliveries(5-6).Youmustbeatleast13yearsoldandhaveyourownbicycle.可知，Tom的條件都符合，故應(yīng)選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，是四個(gè)廣告，每一篇短文有獨(dú)立的主題。做題時(shí)，可以先閱讀題目，根據(jù)題目所問(wèn)，用關(guān)鍵詞定位法，鎖定相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)作答。例如第1小題，根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞filmextra可以定位到第二個(gè)廣告，根據(jù)We’relookingforactiveandsocial14-18-year-olds可知應(yīng)選A。再如第3小題，這個(gè)題干中給出了Tom具備的條件，要求為他選擇一個(gè)適合的工作。這個(gè)題目可以使用排除法，主要從年齡和工作的時(shí)間兩個(gè)方面考量。A選項(xiàng)時(shí)間不合適；B和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)年齡不合適。故應(yīng)選C。（六）【2019?浙江省湖州市】SummerCulture"Whatisyourteendoingthissummer?"WelcomeastudentfromFranceorSpainintoyourfamily!HostastudentfromSpainorFranceandexperiencehis/herlifeandculture.ExchangestudentsfromSpainandFrancearelookingforwelcomingwarm,funandlovinghostswhowillsharelifeandculturewiththemforafewweeksinJune,JulyandAugust.Stayscanbefrom3to6weeks.WhattodowithyourexchangestudentMovies/Museums/Beach/Cooking/Baking/Communityprojects/Volunteering/Hangingout/Shopping/Disneyland/anythingyoucanthinkof.Requirementstohost:Loving,active,outgoingfamilyOnestay-athome.OrparttimehostparentTeeninthehomewithin4yearsofageoftheexchangestudentWillingtotakestudentstoplacesorinterestonceaweek(maybevisitingthemnextsummerattheirhomecountries)Ifyouareinterestedandwouldlikemoreinformation,pleasecontact:ShirleyWentzell909-918-6715Email:Shirley@15.ExchangestudentsfromFranceorSpainwillpossiblystayfor_____________inhostfamilies.A.10days B.5weeks C.2months D.1year16.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat________________.A.exchangestudentswillcomebacknextsummerB.exchangestudentshavetocookdinnerbythemselvesC.parentsinahostfamilyshouldhavefull-timejobsD.teensinhostfamiliescanexperiencedifferentcultures17.Thetextaboveisprobablya_____________.A.letter B.notice C.poster D.diary【文章大意】這是一個(gè)海報(bào)，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于來(lái)自西班牙或法國(guó)的交換生要找寄宿家庭，以及對(duì)寄宿家庭的一些要求，也許有機(jī)會(huì)明年暑假去他們的國(guó)家。15.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Stayscanbefrom3to6weeks.3到6周，可知是可能呆5周；故選B。16.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ExchangestudentsfromSpainandFrancearelookingforwelcomingwarm,funandlovinghostswhowillsharelifeandculturewiththem可知寄宿家庭能分享不同的文化；故選D。17.C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)這是一個(gè)海報(bào)，內(nèi)容是關(guān)于來(lái)自西班牙或法國(guó)的交換生要找寄宿家庭，以及對(duì)寄宿家庭的一些要求，也許有機(jī)會(huì)明年暑假去他們的國(guó)家。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，可知是一個(gè)海報(bào)；故選C。（七）【2019?湖北省鄂州市】TheLatestBooksMyABCsby:DisneyBookGroupReleased:April3,2018Pages:14AgeRange:0–2SantaBruceby:RyanT.HigginsReleased:September4,2018Pages:48AgeRange:3–5Solo:StarWarsby:LucasfilmPressReleased:September4,2018Pages:32AgeRange:6–8MagicBook:Spellsby:AmberBenson,DaronNefcyDominicBisignanoReleased:September11,2018Pages:288AgeRange:9–1218.IfTomis3yearsold,hecanchoose_____________toread.A.MagicBook:Spells B.Solo:StarWarsC.SantaBruce D.MyABCs19.Whowrote＂Solo:StarWars＂?A.AmberBenson. B.LucasfilmPress.C.RyanT.Higgins. D.DisneyBookGroup.20.Whichbookhasthemostpages?A.MyABCs. B.SantaBruce.C.Solo:StarWars. D.MagicBook:Spells.21.WhatistrueaboutMyABCs?A.ItwaswrittenbyRyanT.Higgins. B.Ithasthirty-twopages.C.A6-year-oldgirlcanreadit. D.ItcameoutonApril3,2018.22.Thepassagemaybe_____________.A.astory B.anadvertisement C.anovel D.apoem【文章大意】這篇短文給我們介紹了四本最新的書(shū)，包括他們的作者、發(fā)行時(shí)間、頁(yè)數(shù)以及適合哪個(gè)年齡段的孩子閱讀等信息。18.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中給出的年齡信息Tomis3yearsold，在短文AgeRange中搜索可知，第二本書(shū)SantaBruce適合3到5歲的孩子閱讀，符合題干要求，故應(yīng)選C。19.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中給出的書(shū)名Solo:StarWars可以定位到第三篇短文，根據(jù)by:LucasfilmPress可知，應(yīng)選B。20.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干中問(wèn)的是頁(yè)數(shù)最多的書(shū)，因此應(yīng)注意每一段短文中Pages的信息，瀏覽可知MagicBook:Spells中Pages:288，這本書(shū)有288頁(yè)，是最多的。故應(yīng)選D。21.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題目所問(wèn)可知，這個(gè)題目考查我們對(duì)第一本書(shū)相關(guān)內(nèi)容的理解，根據(jù)Released:April3,2018可知D選項(xiàng)是正確的。根據(jù)by:DisneyBookGroup可知A不對(duì)；根據(jù)Pages:14可知B不對(duì)；根據(jù)AgeRange:0—2可知C不對(duì)。22.B【解析】推理判斷題。astory一個(gè)故事；anadvertisement一個(gè)廣告；anovel一個(gè)小說(shuō)；apoem一首詩(shī)。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題TheLatestBooks以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這篇短文給我們介紹了幾本新書(shū)，包括書(shū)名、作者、發(fā)行時(shí)間、頁(yè)數(shù)以及適合哪個(gè)年齡段的孩子閱讀等信息。這樣的短文具有告知讀者相關(guān)信息的作用