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04宇宙探索Passage1Dostarsonlyappearatnight?Theanswerisno.Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime.ItshoneatitsbrightestinthenightskyonFeb17thisyear.Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun.Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky.Whyisitsobright?Firstofall,Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth.Itisalsocoveredbyhighlyreflective(反射的)clouds,whichcanreflectabout70percentofthesunlightstriking(照射)it,almosttwiceasmuchastheearthdoes.Somepeoplecall2017theyearofVenus,becausetheplanetisatitsbrightesttwicethisyear.Venusgetsbrighterwhenitgoesfurtherawayfromthesun,andnearertotheearth.ThebrightestmomenthappenedonceinFebruary,andwillhappenagain,duringdaylight,onApril30.IfVenusissobrightandclosetous,isn’titabetterchoiceforhumanexploration(探索)thanMars?ItisclosertotheearththanMarsandit’sclosertotheearthinsize.Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpower(太陽能)wouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell.However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!Butscientistsnevergiveup.Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewcomputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenus-likeconditions(環(huán)境)foralmost22days.Thenextstep,accordingtothescientists,istosendaprobe(探測(cè)器)toVenusby2025.1.WhichofthefollowingaboutVenusisNOTtrue?A.It’stheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaylight. B.It’sthesecondplanetfromthesun.C.It’sthebrightestnaturalobjectinthenightsky. D.It’stheclosestplanettotheearth.2.Theunderlinedword“generate”issimilarinmeaningtotheword“________”.A.heat B.produce C.spread D.form3.WhatmakesVenusaworseplaceforhumanexplorationthanMars?A.Thecloserdistancetotheearth. B.Thesimilarsizetotheearth.C.Toomuchsolarpowertouse. D.Theextremelyhightemperature.4.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,thenewcomputerequipment________.a.wascreatedbysomeUKscientistsb.canstandtemperaturesof480℃c.canworkforabout22daysonVenusd.willbesenttoVenusby2025A.a(chǎn)b B.bc C.cd D.a(chǎn)dPassage2Earlierthisyear,Chinaachievedanewmilestone(里程碑)inspaceexploration(探索).OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探測(cè)器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon,People’sDailyreported.FromEarth,wecanonlyseeonesideofthemoon.Theothersidehasbeenamystery.Scientistshavelongwonderedwhatliesonthissideofthemoon.Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.Itisalsousedtocarryoutexperiments,suchasgrowingseedsinalow-gravity(低重力)environment.Thedata(數(shù)據(jù))collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture.ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission(任務(wù))isamainachievementforChina’sspaceprogram.ItmarksanewstageinChina’sdeepspaceexploration,saidWuYanhua,headofChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Chinalaunched(啟動(dòng))itslunar(月球的)explorationprogramin2004,namingitChang’e.Chinesescientistssetthreegoals—“orbiting(環(huán)繞運(yùn)行),landingandsample(樣本)returning”,referringtolaunchingprobesthatcouldcirclearoundthemoon,touchdownonitssurfaceandbringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth.Chang’e4hasrealizedthegoaloflanding.ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission,whichissettotakeplacebeforetheendofthisyear,ChinaDailyreported.FollowingthesuccessoftheChang’emissions,Chinesescientistsarelookingevenfartherintooursolarsystem(太陽系).China’sfirstMars(火星)missionisexpectedtobecarriedoutby2020,Wusaid.5.Whatisthedatacollectedfromtheseexperimentsusedtodo?A.Helpusbuildabaseontheearth. B.Helpusbuildabaseonthemoon.C.HelpusbuildabaseonMars. D.HelpusbuildabaseonVenus(金星).6.WhathasChang’e4donesofar?a.Ithaslandedonthefarsideofthemoon.b.Ithastakenphotosofthefarsideofthemoon.c.Ithascarriedoutexperimentsonthemoon.d.Ithasbuiltabaseonthemoon.A.a(chǎn)bc B.bcd C.a(chǎn)cd D.a(chǎn)bd7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph4?A.Abaseonthemooninthefuture. B.TheChang’e4probe.C.ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission. D.China’sspaceprogram.8.WhatisChang’e5expectedtodo?A.Circlearoundthemoon. B.Landonthesurfaceofthemoon.C.BringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth. D.Sendpeopletothemoon.9.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A.Chang’e4hasdiscoveredthesecretsofthefarsideofthemoon.B.China’sspaceexplorationprogramstarted15yearsago.C.Chang’e5willbeChina’slastlunarexplorationprogram.D.ChinahasnotlaunchedanyspaceprobestoMarssofar.Passage3Forthousandsofyears,humanshaveexplored(探索)theEarth.Nowadays,weareexploringspace.Astronomers(天文學(xué)家)arethemodern-dayexplorers.Now,manyastronomersarelookingfornewplanetsandnewplacesforhumanstoliveinthefuture.Butwheredoastronomersstartexploring?Firstofall,astronomerslookforastar.That’sbecauseourownEarthmovesaroundastar—theSun.Moreimportantly,itisneithertoofarfromnortooneartotheSunforheatandlight.Sowhenastronomershavefoundthestar,theylookattheplanetsaroundit.Inrecentyears,astronomershavefoundnearly400newplanetswithstars.However,manyoftheseplanetsareeithertooneartothestarortoofaraway.However,iftheplanetisingoodplace,astronomerslookforthreekeythings:water,airandrock.Waterisimportantbecausealllifeneedswater.Humanscandrinkitandtheycanalsogrowplantswithwater.Andplantsproduceairforhumanstobreatheandfoodtoeat.Rockonaplanetisalsoimportant.That’sbecausethereisoftenwaterundertherock.Aftermanyyearsofexploring,astronomershavefoundaplanetliketheEarth.It’sGliese581gandit’snearastar.Theastronomersthinkithaswaterandrockandthetemperatureisbetween-31℃and-12℃.That’scold,butnotcolderthanAntarcticaortheArcticCircle,forexample,Gliese581gisbiggerthantheEarth.AyearonGliese581gisonly37Earthdays,not365Earthdays.ButastronomersdonotthinkthesearebigdifferencesandsomeofthemthinkGliese581gwillbeanewEarth.However,Gliese581gistwentylightyearsfromtheEarth.10.Howdoastronomersdiscoveranewplanetforhumanstoliveon?Choosetherightorder.a.Astronomerslookforthreekeythings.b.Astronomerslookforandfindarightstar.c.Astronomerslookattheplanetsaroundthestar.A.a(chǎn)-b-c. B.b-a-c. C.b-c-a. D.c-a-b.11.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingthingsisthemostimportant?A.Water. B.Air. C.Rock. D.Plants.12.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGliese581g?A.Gliese581gisastar,andbiggerthantheEarth.B.AyearonGliese581gisshorterthanthatontheEarth.C.ItwilltakehumanstwentyyearstogettoGliese581g.D.ItiscolderonGliese581gthanAntarcticaortheArcticCircleontheearth.13.Whatdoesthewritermainlytalkaboutinthepassage?A.Water,airandrockareimportant. B.Gliese581gisalreadyanewEarth.C.TherearesomeplanetslikeourEarth. D.AstronomersarelookingforanewEarth.Passage4Mars(火星)isaplanet.Itisthefourthplanetfromthesunandismorethan200millionkilometersfromit.Thatisaverylongway.Marsisalsoaverylongwayawayfromtheearthbutsometimesyoucanseeitclearlyatnight.Moststarsarewhite.Marsisabitred.Itisnotaverybigplanet.Itisabouthalfthesizeoftheearth.Theearthhasonemoon.Marshastwomoons.TheyarecalledPhotosandDeimos.Longago,theonlywaytostudyMarswasjusttolookatit.Peoplewithgoodeyescouldseemethingsbutnoteverything.Lateron,itwaseasier,becausescientistshadtelescopes.TheycouldseeMarsmoreclearly.TheylearnedmuchmoreaboutMarsthisway.Inthe20thcenturythingsgotevenbetter.Firstofall,wehadspacecraft(宇宙飛船).TheyflewclosetoMarsandsentbackinformation.Then,theysentspacecrafttoflyinorbit(軌道)aroundMars.Finally,spacecraftlandedonMars.MaybeonedayamanwillwalkonMars.AmannamedJamieworksforNASAwiththeteamsendingaspacecrafttoMars."Welandedarover(探測(cè)車)onMars"hesays."ItiscalledCuriosity."Whatisarover?Itisamachinethatlookslikeacar.ItcanmoveaboutonMars.Ithascamerastotakephotosanditsendsthembacktotheearth.ItcanstudytherocksandairofMars.Itsendsallthisinformationbacktotheearth.14.WhichoneisTRUEaboutthefactsoftheMars?A.Itisover200millionkilometersfromthesun.B.WecanseetheMarsisalittlewhiteatnight.C.Itismuchlargerthantheearth.D.Marshasonlyonemoon.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtelescopesmeanaccordingtothepassage?A.放大鏡 B.望遠(yuǎn)鏡 C.?dāng)z像機(jī) D.顯微鏡16.WhichtoolcancarrythemantowalkonMars?A.Goodeyes. B.Telescopes. C.Spacecraft D.Rover.17.Whatcan'ttheroverdofromthelastparagraph?A.MoveaboutonMarslikeacar.B.Takephotosbycamerasandsendthembacktotheearth.C.StudytherocksandwaterofMars.D.Sendalltheinformationbacktotheearth.18.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby________.A.a(chǎn)skingsomequestions B.givingsomeadviceC.followingtheorderoftime D.followingtheorderofimportancePassage5Manyofusspentourchildhoodsdreamingofbecomingastronauts.However,thefactisthatonlyaselectfewwillmakeit.Butdoesthatmeanyou'llnevergetthechancetoworkinspace?Notnecessarily.Infactsomeofthespacejobsarenotonlyforastronautsandtheyallsoundjustascool.Oneofthemostinterestingspacejobsis“chiefsniffer(嗅探員)”.NASAhasalreadyhiredachiefsniffernamedGeorgeAldrich,whosejobistosmellmaterialsbeforetheyareusedinspacecrafts(宇宙飛船).Usingyournoseatworkmightsoundalittlestrangebutthejobisveryimportant.Smellsinaspacecraftarestrongerinsideofit,andonceaspacecraftislaunched(發(fā)射),astronauts"havenowayofescapingunpleasantsmells”,Aldrichsaid.Moreimportantly,smellingobjectscanhelpidentifydangerouschemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì))thatcouldbeharmfultoastronauts'health.Anotherjob,the“spacetourguide",mayseemalittleaheadofitstime.Butnow,manyprivatecompaniesarestartingtoprovidespacetrips,andrichspaceloverssuchasJustinBieberandSarahBrightmanhavealreadysignedupfortours.Itmaynotbelongbeforespacebecomesoneofthetoptraveldestinations.Beingaspacetourguideneedsrichknowledgeofastronomy(天文學(xué)),astrophysics(天體物理學(xué)),geographyandhistorytohelppassengersgetthemostoutoftheirjourney.Tourguidesalsoneedtobeexcellentstorytellerssothatpassengerscanexperiencethetrueawe(驚嘆)ofspacetravel.Astronautsoftenspendweeksorevenmonthsinspacewiththesamegroupofpeople,whichiswhya“spacepsychologist”isalsoneededtohelpastronautsovercome(克服)mentalchallenges,likefeelingboredandlonely."We'recrossingtheboundaries(界限)betweensciencefictionandreality(現(xiàn)實(shí)),"saidRobitTalwar,chiefexecutiveofUScompanyFastFutureResearch."It'samazingthatthingswe'veseeninthepastinmoviesarenowbecomingrealcareeropportunities.”19.Accordingtothearticle,GeorgeAldrich'sjobatNASAismainlyabout________.A.measuringthesizeandtemperatureofspacecraftsB.keepingastronautssafefromthingsthathaveunpleasantsmellsC.cheeringastronautsupwithexcellentstories20.Wecaninferfromthearticlethat________.A.a(chǎn)spacetourguideneedsstrongsocialskillsB.normalpeoplewillbeabletoaffordspacetravelssoonC.a(chǎn)stronautshavetoovercomealotofchallengesinspace21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“psychologist"mean?A.天文學(xué)家 B.物理學(xué)家 C.心理學(xué)家22.WhatisRohitTalwar'sattitudetowardjobopportunitiesinspace?A.pleased B.doubtful C.worried23.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Howtobeanastronaut.B.Cooljobsinspace.C.Howsciencefictionbecomesreality.Passage6Dec.27,2019wasanexcitingdayforChinesepeople.China'sbiggestandmostpowerfulcarrierrocket,theLongMarch5,wassuccessfullylaunched(發(fā)射)inHainanthatday.The57-meter-tallrocketisthetallest,strongestandthemosttechnologicallydifficultrocketinChina.BecausetheLongMarch5ismuchbiggerthanotherrocketsintheLongMarchseries(系列),ithasbeengivenafunnyname"Chubby5".Therocketisabletocarryspacecraft(宇宙飛船)tolow-earthorbit(近地軌道).Thespacecraftweighsupto25tons-nearlytheweightof16midsizecars.Thepayloadcapacity(有效負(fù)載能力)oftheLongMarch5isabout1.5greaterthananyotherChineserocket.TheLongMarch5isthethirdmostpowerfulrocketintheworld,followingtheUnitedStates'FalconHeavyandDeltaⅣHeavy.DuringtheDecemberlaunch,theLongMarch5successfullysenttheShijian20experimentalsatellite(衛(wèi)星),China'slargestandheaviesthomemadesatellite,intoorbit.Besidessendingthesatelliteintospace,thelaunchalsotestedseveralengineeringtechnologiesthatwereusedtoimprovetherocket'sdesign.ItalsotestedkeytechnologiesthatwillbeusedtotaketheChang'e5probe(探測(cè)器)tothemoon.Inthefuture,theLongMarch5willbeusedforChina'sfifthlunarexpedition(探月),aswellastoplacepartsofChina'smanned(載人的)spacestationintoorbit."In2020,wewillusetheLongMarch5tolaunchtheChang'e5probetothemoonandalsosendaprobetoMars,"saidWangXiaojun,aprojectmanageroftheLongMarch5.24.WhatdoweknowabouttheLongMarch5?A.Itwaslaunchedatthestartof2019. B.ItwaslaunchedinXichang.C.Itisthetallestrocketintheworld. D.ItisthebiggestLongMarchrocket.25.WhatisthepayloadcapacityofotherChineserockets?A.About2.5tons. B.About16tons. C.About25tons. D.About63tons.26.ScientistsusedtheLongMarch5to________.A.improvesatelliteengineeringtechnologies B.sendChina'sheaviesthomemadesatelliteintoorbitC.taketheChang'e5probetothemoon D.sendamannedspacestationintoorbit27.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?A.WhattheLongMarch5willbeusedforinthefuture. B.IfChinawilllaunchtheLongMarch6.C.WhentheLongMarch5willstopworking. D.HowChina'sspacestationwillbebuilt.28.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Aposter. B.Anadvertisement. C.Anewspaper. D.Afashionmagazine.Passage7SuSuisa16-year-oldBeijinger.ShestudiesattheHighSchoolAffiliatedtoRenminUniversity.Shehasjustpublished(發(fā)表)herfirstbook,
TheEnigmaoftheUniverse.TheEnigmaoftheUniversetellsastoryofagirlcalledApril.Onedayshemeetsanalien(外星人)boynamedKaka.KakatakesAprilonajourneyintotheuniverse(宇宙).LaterAprilfindsoutabigsecretaboutKaka...What’sspecialaboutthisbook?It’sabookwritteninbothChineseandEnglish.Suwrotethebookwhenshewas14yearsold.Shewasinfluenced(影響)bythebook
Sophie’sWorldandthemovie
TheTrumanShow.Sophieisagirlwhoisinterestedinphilosophy(哲學(xué)).Truman’slifeisrunbytelevision.ThesestoriesgaveSuanideaforherownbook.ShedecidedtowriteitinEnglish.“MyEnglishteacheraskedustowritesomething,”saysSu,“IthoughtI’dwriteaboutmyidea.”Suspentawholesummervacationwritingthestory.“SometimesIhadtostopbecauseIcouldn’tfindtherightwords,”saysSu.“Iusedthedictionaryallthetime.”AfterfinishingtheEnglishnovel,Suhadanotheridea.ShedecidedtoturnitintoChinese.Thejobtookherjustafewdays.“ItwaseasybecauseChineseismy
motherlanguage,”shesays.Susaysherstoryis“amixtureof
philosophyand
detective
(偵探)storyandsciencefiction”.“MyclassmatesandIhaveturneditintoaDVplay,”saysSu.“IwrotetheplayandIplayedApril.Wewillshowitinourschoolsoon!”29.WhatdidSuSuwrite?A.HarryPotter. B.Sophie’sWorld.C.TheTrumanShow. D.TheEnigmaoftheUniverse.30.InWhichlanguagedidSuSuwritethisbook?A.Chinese. B.English.C.French. D.BothChineseandEnglish.31.HowdidSuSuwritethebook?A.ShewroteitinChinesefirstandthenturneditintoEnglish.B.ShewroteitinEnglishfirstandthenturneditintoChinese.C.ShewroteithalfinChinesefirstandthenwroteithalfinEnglish.D.ShewroteithalfinEnglishfirstandthenwroteithalfinChinese.32.Whatdoesherbooktalkabout?A.IttalksabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.B.Itisamixtureof
philosophy
and
detective
storyandsciencefiction.C.IttalksabouthowtolearnEnglishgrammarwell.D.Itisamixtureof
love.33.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Aclevergirl. B.Aninterestingbook.C.SuSuandherfirstbook. D.Ayoungwriter.Passage8Scientistshavealwayswantedtoknowmoreabouttheuniverse(宇宙).Yearsago,theyknewmanythingsaboutthemoon.Theyknewhowbigitwasandhowfaritwasfromtheearth.Buttheywantedtoknowmoreaboutit.Theythoughtthebestwaywastosendmentothemoon.Themoonisabout384,000kilometersawayfromtheearth.Aplanecan’tflytothemoonbecausetheairreachesonly240kilometersawayfromtheearth.Butsomethingcanflyevenwhenthereisnoair.Thatisarocket.Howdoesarocketfly?Thereisgas(氣體)intherocket.Whenthegasismadeveryhotinsidetherocket,itwillrushoutoftheendoftherocket,soitcanmaketherocketflyintothesky.Rocketcanflyfaroutintospace.Rocketswithmeninthemhavebeentothemoon.Severalrocketswithoutmeninthemhaveflowntoanotherplanet(行星)muchfartherawaythanthemoon.Onedayrocketsmaybeabletogotoanyplaceinspace.34.Scientistshaveknow________themoonis.A.howlong B.howbig C.howold D.howmany35.Theearthisabout384,000kilometersawayfromthe________.A.space B.universe C.moon D.place36.Aplanecannotflytothemoonbecause________.A.thereisnoairabove240kilometersawayfromtheearthB.thereisnogasintheplaceC.theplaneisnotstrongenoughD.theplaneisterrible37.Thehotgasintherocketisusedfor________.A.keepingtheairintherocketfreshB.keepingthemenintherocketwarmC.makingtherocketflyD.makingfreshair38.Severalrocketswithoutmeninthemhaveflownto________.A.thestars B.a(chǎn)notherplanetofthesunC.thesun D.themoon【答案】1.C2.D3.D4.B【分析】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了金星為何特別亮的原因以及金星為人們提供的行星探索的有利條件和不利條件。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A選項(xiàng):它是唯一能在白天看到的星星。根據(jù)“Venus(金星)istheonlystarthatcanbeseenindaytime”可知,選項(xiàng)正確;B選項(xiàng):它是太陽第二顆行星。根據(jù)“Venusisthesecondplanetfromthesun”可知,選項(xiàng)正確;C選項(xiàng):它是夜空中最明亮的自然物體。根據(jù)“Itisthesecondbrightestnaturalobject,behindtheearth’smoon,inthenightsky”可知,選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;D選項(xiàng):它是距地球最近的行星。根據(jù)“Venusistheclosestplanettotheearth”可知,選項(xiàng)正確。故選C。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。heat把……加熱;produce生產(chǎn);spread傳播;form形成,產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)“Thecloserdistancetothesunmeanssolarpowerwouldbeeasiertogenerateaswell”可知,此處意為“離太陽越近,太陽能就越容易產(chǎn)生”,故此處的generate意為“產(chǎn)生,形成”與D選項(xiàng)“form”同義。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“However,withatemperatureofabout465℃onthesurface,Venusisthehottestplanetinoursolarsystem!”可知,導(dǎo)致人們不能探索金星的原因是金星有著極高的溫度。故選D。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Recently,ateamofNASAandRussianscientistscreatednewcomputerequipmentthatcanstandtemperaturesof480℃.ItcanworkunderVenus-likeconditionsforalmost22days.”可知,這臺(tái)新型計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備是美國航天局以及俄羅斯科學(xué)家聯(lián)合發(fā)明的,它可以承受480℃的高溫,并能在類似于金星的條件下工作近22天,因此a錯(cuò)誤,b、c正確;根據(jù)“istosendaprobe(探測(cè)器)toVenusby2025”可知,2025年被發(fā)送到金星的是探測(cè)器,并不是這臺(tái)新型計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備,故d錯(cuò)誤。故選B。5.B6.A7.C8.C9.D【解析】本篇文章難度適中,主要講述嫦娥四號(hào)首次登陸月球并進(jìn)行科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要事件,標(biāo)志著我國深孔探索進(jìn)入了新的階段,隨著嫦娥任務(wù)的成功,科學(xué)家正在進(jìn)一步探索我們的太陽系,中國第一個(gè)火星任務(wù)將在2020年完成。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thedata(數(shù)據(jù))collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture可知,從這些實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到的數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助在月球上建立基地,故選B。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探測(cè)器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon,People’sDailyreported可知,嫦娥4已經(jīng)登錄到月球的遠(yuǎn)端,a正確;根據(jù)Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon可知,它已經(jīng)在月球的遠(yuǎn)端拍了一些照片,b正確;根據(jù)Itisalsousedtocarryoutexperiments,suchasgrowingseedsinalow-gravity(低重力)environment可知,它已經(jīng)在月球?qū)嵤?shí)驗(yàn),c正確;根據(jù)Thedata(數(shù)據(jù))collectedfromtheseexperimentscouldbeusedtohelpusbuildabaseonthemooninthefuture可知,這些實(shí)驗(yàn)在未來可以幫助建立基地,而不是已經(jīng)建立了基地,d錯(cuò)誤。故選A。7.代詞指代題。代詞指代上文中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)ThesuccessoftheChang’e4mission(任務(wù))isamainachievementforChina’sspaceprogram可知,指的是嫦娥四號(hào)任務(wù)的成功,故選C。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chinesescientistssetthreegoals—“orbiting(環(huán)繞運(yùn)行),landingandsample(樣本)returning”,referringtolaunchingprobesthatcouldcirclearoundthemoon,touchdownonitssurfaceandbringlunarmaterialsbacktoEarth可知,中國科學(xué)家制定了三個(gè)目標(biāo):中國科學(xué)家設(shè)定了繞月著陸和返回樣本的三個(gè)目標(biāo),即發(fā)射能夠繞月飛行、著陸月球表面并將月球物質(zhì)帶回地球的探測(cè)器。再根據(jù)ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission可知,嫦娥5號(hào)完成第三個(gè)任務(wù),即將月球表面的物質(zhì)帶回地球,故選C。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)OnJan3,Chang’e4becamethefirstspaceprobe(探測(cè)器)inhistorytolandonthefarsideofthemoon以及Chang’e4hassentbackphotosofthefarsideofthemoon可知,嫦娥4號(hào)僅僅是登陸月球遠(yuǎn)端并且拍了照片,而不是發(fā)現(xiàn)了秘密;排除A;根據(jù)Chinalaunched(啟動(dòng))itslunar(月球的)explorationprogramin2004,namingitChang’e可知,表示月球探險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目開始于15年前,而不是太空探索,排除B;根據(jù)Chang’e4hasrealizedthegoaloflanding.ThethirdwillbeachievedduringtheChang’e5mission,whichissettotakeplacebeforetheendofthisyear,ChinaDailyreported可知,只是說明嫦娥五號(hào)要去完成第三個(gè)任務(wù),并沒有表示它是最后一個(gè)探月項(xiàng)目,排除C;根據(jù)China’sfirstMars(火星)missionisexpectedtobecarriedoutby2020,Wusaid.可知,中國將在2020年實(shí)施第一個(gè)火星任務(wù),可以推斷出中國現(xiàn)在還沒有發(fā)射任何探測(cè)器到火星,故選D。10.C11.A12.B13.D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了現(xiàn)在許多天文學(xué)家正在尋找新的行星和人類未來生活的地方,經(jīng)過多年的仔細(xì)觀察,天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆與地球相似的行星——Gliese581g,并對(duì)其具體情況進(jìn)行了介紹。10.排序題。根據(jù)“Firstofall,astronomerslookforastar....Sowhenastronomershavefoundthestar,theylookattheplanetsaroundit....However,iftheplanetisingoodplace,astronomerslookforthreekeythings:water,airandrock.”可知,首先,天文學(xué)家尋找恒星;找到后看它周圍的其他行星;如果行星處于一個(gè)好位置,天文學(xué)家會(huì)尋找三樣關(guān)鍵的東西。正確的排序是b-c-a。故選C。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Waterisimportantbecausealllifeneedswater.Humanscandrinkitandtheycanalsogrowplantswithwater.”可知水是最重要的。故選A。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AyearonGliese581gisonly37Earthdays,not365Earthdays.”可知在Gliese581g上一年只有地球上的37填,比地球上時(shí)間短,B項(xiàng)正確。故選B。13.主旨大意題。通讀全文,結(jié)合第一段最后兩句“Now,manyastronomersarelookingfornewplanetsandnewplacesforhumanstoliveinthefuture.Butwheredoastronomersstartexploring?”可知本文主要介紹了天文學(xué)家一直在尋找適合人類生活的星球。故選D。14.A15.B16.C17.C18.C【分析】本文主要敘述了人類探索火星的相關(guān)情況。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mars(火星)isaplanet.Itisthefourthplanetfromthesunandismorethan200millionkilometersfromit.”可知火星(Mars)是一顆行星,它是太陽第四顆行星,距離太陽2億多公里。故選A。15.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Lateron,itwaseasier,becausescientistshadtelescopes.TheycouldseeMarsmoreclearly.”可知后來,因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家們有_____,他們可以更清楚地看到火星,這樣他們對(duì)火星了解得更多;根據(jù)前后文含義分析以及結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,此處telescopes的意思為望遠(yuǎn)鏡。故選B。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Finally,spacecraftlandedonMars.MaybeonedayamanwillwalkonMars.”可知最后,宇宙飛船降落在火星上。也許有一天一個(gè)人會(huì)在火星上行走。故選C。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisamachinethatlookslikeacar.ItcanmoveaboutonMars.Ithascamerastotakephotosanditsendsthembacktotheearth.ItcanstudytherocksandairofMars.Itsendsallthisinformationbacktotheearth.”可知它是一臺(tái)看起來像汽車的機(jī)器,它可以在火星上移動(dòng)。它有照相機(jī)拍照,然后把它們送回地球,它可以研究火星的巖石和空氣。它把所有這些信息送回地球,因此可知它可以研究火星上的巖石和空氣,而不是巖石和水。故選C。18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Longago很久以前”,第四段中“Lateron后來”,第五段中“Inthe20thcentury在20世紀(jì)”可知,本文是按照時(shí)間順序來寫的。故選C。19.B20.C21.C22.A23.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了很多人的夢(mèng)想是成為宇航員,但是很少能實(shí)現(xiàn)。除了成為宇航員以外,人們還有其他的機(jī)會(huì)可以在太空工作,比如嗅探員、太空導(dǎo)游和太空心理學(xué)家。19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Oneofthemostinterestingspacejobsis“chiefsniffer”.NASAhasalreadyhiredachiefsniffernamedGeorgeAldrich,whosejobistosmellmaterialsbeforetheyareusedinspacecrafts…andonceaspacecraftislaunched,astronauts‘havenowayofescapingunpleasantsmells’…”可知,GeorgeAldrich是一名嗅探員,職責(zé)是在材料被用于太空飛行器之前聞到它們的氣味,由此推斷他“可以讓宇航員遠(yuǎn)離有難聞氣味的東西”。故選B。20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Moreimportantly,smellingobjectscanhelpidentifydangerouschemicalsthatcouldbeharmfultoastronauts'health…Astronautsoftenspendweeksorevenmonthsinspacewiththesamegroupofpeople,whichiswhya“spacepsychologist”isalsoneededtohelpastronau
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