押廣東卷第56-60題 閱讀理解B篇說明文（原卷版）-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語臨考題號押題廣東卷2

押廣東卷第56-60題閱讀理解B篇說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式來解說事物或闡明事理的文章體裁。說明文一般采用平實的語言客觀地解釋或探討各種問題，如動物的特征、介紹新生事物、自然或社會現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因等等。說明事物可采用多種方式：舉例法、對比法、給事物下定義法、使用數(shù)據(jù)、圖片法等等。無論采用什么說明方法，作者都是為了說明事物的本質(zhì)特征，清晰地展現(xiàn)所說明的事物。說明文條理十分清晰；時態(tài)上多為一般現(xiàn)在時。

題型包括：1.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題；2.

生詞詞義判斷題；3.

標(biāo)題判斷題；4.

主旨大意題；5.

文章結(jié)構(gòu)題；6.

觀點態(tài)度題。閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵：1.

明確說明對象。閱讀事物說明文，首先從整體入手，把握文章的說明對象是什么；閱讀事理說明文，首先弄清文章說明了什么事理?？梢酝ㄟ^把握段落主題句來明確說明對象。2.

逐段概括要點，理清說明順序。概括要點要重視首尾句的作用，重視概念句或解說性語句的作用。閱讀時可以把這些語句勾畫出來。3.

整體感知，把握中心。分析文章段落之間是并列、遞進(jìn)還是總分關(guān)系；是由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)，還是由個別到一般，或是從結(jié)果到原因。最后總結(jié)出文章的中心思想。

說明文解題技巧1.

閱讀做標(biāo)記。在閱讀的時候可給段落標(biāo)上序號，并給重要的句子和關(guān)鍵詞匯做上記號，尤其是各段中心句，為答題提供更快捷、更多的信息。2.

審清題干。發(fā)掘和把握試題中有效的提示性信息，確認(rèn)命題的角度、閱讀范圍和答題方式。3.

定位閱讀,強(qiáng)化對應(yīng)意識。絕大部分的說明文閱讀題都有一個共性，那就是答案基本上都能直接和間接從選段中找到依據(jù)?；卮饐栴}時要注意原文利用和自我加工相結(jié)合。（2021·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Accordingtoaresearchmorethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供應(yīng)).Itisasadfactespeciallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday,shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghalltogiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇護(hù)所)inhercommunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughoutthecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutthefood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaurahopingthatshecouldhavedevelopedsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.Somepeople,however,haveconcernsaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.1．Thenumbersinparagraph1tellus________.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting2．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom________.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamilyC．a(chǎn)fastfoodrestaurant D．homelessshelter3．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato________.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers4．Theunderlinedwords“concerns”inthispassagemeans________.A．ways B．secrets C．worries D．decisions5．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADiningGuideApp B．AFoodSharingProjectC．ADrivingServiceApp D．AFoodSafetyProject（2021·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）WelcometoManorFarmU-pickActivities.Weareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitthefarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.We’lltryourbesttocreateasafeopen-airenvironmentforourcustomersunderthecircumstances(情況)ofCOVID-19thisyear.Pleasereadtheinstructionsbelow.Topickthestrawberries,youneedtomakeareservation(預(yù)約)onourwebsite.Reservationsareopenfrom13:00to20:00thedaybeforethepickingday.Pleasedon’tcometothefarmifyouaresick.Onthefarm,youneedtostayatleasttwometersawayfromanyoneyoudon’tlivewith.Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.RunningupanddownthestrawberryrowswillNOTbeallowed.Ourworkerswilltellthemwheretostartpickingandthechildrenshouldlisten.Wehopechildrenwillfollowoursafetyrulesinourfields.Nopetsareallowedonthefarm.Anyquestions,pleasecallusat906-256-523.6．IfyougotothefarmonAugust8th,youcanmakeareservationat________.A．10:00onAugust6th B．10:00onAugust7thC．14:00onAugust6th D．14:00onAugust7th7．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets________.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries8．Onthefarm,childrenareaskedto________.A．plantsomestrawberries B．runalongtherowsC．stayclosetotheirparents D．lookaftertheirpets9．Formoreinformation,youcan________.A．writeanemail B．makeaphonecallC．sendavoicemessage D．watchnewsonTV10．Theinstructionsaremostprobablyfrom________.A．a(chǎn)farmowner B．a(chǎn)teacher C．a(chǎn)newsreporter D．a(chǎn)customer（2020·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）OncethereweremanythousandsofGourmaDesert(沙漠)elephantsinMali,acountryinWestAfrica.Now,therearefewerthanfourhundred.Whydidthenumberoftheelephantsdropsoquickly?Ontheonehand,theelephants’mainlake,theironlywatersource(來源),driedup.Ontheotherhand,thelandwhichtheelephantslivedonwasoverusedbyhumans.Toprotecttheelephants’livingenvironment,theMaliElephantProject(MEP)wasstartedin2007.MEPmetwithlocalpeopleandhelpedthemmakerulesofusinglandandwater.Asaresult,thesituationbecamebetterandtherewasmorefood,forestandgrassland.However,from2012to2016,poaching(偷獵)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone,andanotherfifty-oneelephantwerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson,alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020,”saidamemberofMEP.Luckily,thevoiceofMEPwasheard.Moreorganizations(組織)havejoinedtogethertoeducatethelocalpeoplethattradingelephantsisagainstthelaw.Elephantpoachinghasdroppedtoaverylowlevel.Thelocalpeoplehavelearnedtolivepeacefullywiththeelephants,oneofthewildlifetreasuresintheworld.11．MEPwasstartedto________.A．raisemoreelephantsinMali B．stopthemainlakefromdryingupC．discoverwatersourceforelephants D．protecttheelephants’livingenvironment12．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inParagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的 B．虧損的 C．非法的 D．合理的13．Eighty-threeelephantswerelost________.A．in2012 B．in2015 C．in2016 D．in202014．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．thenumberoforganizationshasdropped B．thereismuchlesselephantpoachingnowC．thelocalpeoplekeeptheelephantsathome D．thewholeworldlivepeacefullywithelephants15．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．therulesofusinglandandwater B．theeducationofthelocalpeopleC．theworkofMaliElephantProject D．thesituationofGourmaDesertelephants（2023·廣東汕頭·統(tǒng)考一模）Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalk,butcantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假裝)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenanenemygetsclosetoitsnest,theploverpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Theenemyfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafe.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buries(埋)itsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysalsostealfood.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenothersarewatchingthem.Sotheygetbacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Chimpanzeescanalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpanzeewillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpanzeeputsoutitshand,too,thechimpanzeesarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimpanzeetakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.Whenchimpanzeesfindfood,it’snaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpanzeescomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpanzeeslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpanzeesdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharethefood.16．Howdoestheploversaveitsyoung?A．Catchtheenemy. B．Showtheirhonesty.C．Pretendtobehurt. D．Feedthemfood.17．Whatwillthescrubjaydowhenitknowsothersarewatchingthem?A．Burythefoodtwice. B．Stoppingstealingthefood.C．Burythefoodasusual. D．Runawayimmediately.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sneaky”mean?A．Honest. B．Brave. C．Weak. D．Lying.19．Whydomanyanimalsbehavedishonestly?A．Becausetheywanttohavefun. B．Becausetheyneedtodothatforlivingon.C．Becausetheywanttosharefood. D．Becausetheyarebeatendown.20．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Doanimalslie? B．Honestyordishonesty?C．Howdoanimalsprotectlives? D．DoesMotherNatureagree?（2023·廣東汕尾·統(tǒng)考二模）Argumentsbetweenteenagersandparentscanbeaproblemandshouldbetakenseriously.●ThreeexamplesoftheargumentsParent:Mikeisalwaysmakingtroubleinschool.You’dbetterkeepawayfromhim.Ben:Youdon’tknowhimaswellasIdo.StoptryingtotellmewhoIcanmakefriendswith.Parent:Don’tspendsomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Youshoulddosomethingmeaningful.Grace:I’vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ijustwanttorelax.Parent:YougotanFinyourphysicsexamagain.I’mdisappointedwithyou.Jack:Ididstudyhard.Butit’sjusttoodifficultforme.●SomeresultsofasurveyAbout18%ofthekidstalktotheirparentswhentheyhaveproblems.Over50%ofthekidsthinktheirparentsdon’tunderstandthem.Almost50%oftheparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.●SomesuggestionsfromexpertsCommunicatewithyourkidsinafriendlyway.Encouragekidstosharetheirfeelingswithyou.Takepartindifferentactivitiestogetherwithkids.21．What’stheargumentbetweenBenandhisparent?A．BenmakesfriendswithMike.B．Bendoesn’tknowMikeverywell.C．Benalwaysmakestroubleinschool.D．BenkeepsawayfromMikeatschool.22．Grace’sparentthinksplayingcomputergamesis________.A．helpful B．relaxing C．meaningful D．meaningless23．Whydidn’tJackdowellinphysics?A．Becausehedidn’tstudyhard.B．BecauseheoftenplayswithMike.C．Becausehethinksit’stoohardforhim.D．Becauseheplayscomputergamestoomuch.24．Whatcanweknowfromthesurvey?A．Allthekidshaveargumentswiththeirparents.B．Mostparentstalktotheirchildrenonlyaboutschool.C．Noneofthekidsthinktheirparentsunderstandthem.D．Asmallnumberofkidstalktotheirparentswhenhavingproblems.25．Thesuggestionsarefor________.A．students B．parents C．teachers D．experts（2023·廣東珠?！ぶ楹Ｊ芯胖拗袑W(xué)?？家荒＃㏒incehumanssentthefirstsatellite(衛(wèi)星)tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowplantsinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday.ArecentexperimentattheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.Theresearchersaid,“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮桿水稻品種)havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAugust30,2022.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycle(周期)ofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotforastronauts.TheycansolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated(突變的)seedsthatcanproducehigheryields(產(chǎn)量)onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.TheyareplantedonEartheveryyear.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30%ofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30%,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.26．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．Thelastriceexperimentinspace. D．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV.28．Howdoesthisriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.29．Whydoweplantseedsinspaceaccordingtothepassage?a.Tofeedastronauts.

b.Toresearchonmutatedseeds.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.

d.Tostudytheenvironmentofspace.A．a(chǎn)b B．bc C．a(chǎn)c D．bd30．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidofspaceseeds.（2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考一模）Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep,newresearchfinds.Thoughpetscanbehelpfulforhealth,petownerwaslikelytohavepoorersleep,accordingtoastudy.Theresearcherscorrectedfactorsthatcouldinfluencesleep,includingrace(種族)andincome(收人),aswellasage,gender(性別)andBMI,andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping,whilehavingacatwasconnectedwithhavingahigherchanceoflegjerks(抽搐)inthenight.“Theageofthepethasabiginfluenceonwhetherornottheykeepyouupatnight,”vanEgmondsaid.“Ifyouhavemanypets,theycaneggeachotheron.”Withdogs,itdependsalotonthekindandtheactivitylevelitneeds.Makingsureapetgetsplentyofphysicalactivitiesandmentalstimulation(刺激)duringthedaycanhelpanimals—andtheirowners—getbetterrest.Unlikedogs,catsaremoreactiveatnightanditiseasiertouseuptheirenergy.Ifyouplaywithyourcatbeforeitisreadyforbed,youwouldmakeithardforcatstofallasleep.Ifyoufeedyourcatafterplayingwithit,yourcatwouldfeelthatithassuccessfullyhunteditsfoodandisrewardedwithanicemealinreturn.Thenitgoestosleepquickly.Thenewstudyshowsthatpetscaninfluenceyoursleep,butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.31．Whatcanmakeagreatdifferencetoyoursleep?A．Food. B．Pets. C．Work. D．Noise.32．Ifyouhaveadog,youmayhavetroublein________.A．playingwithit B．study C．gettingmoremoney D．sleeping33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eggeachotheron”mean?A．Encourageeachothertofightorquarrel. B．Haveatalkwitheachother.C．Helpeachother. D．Learnfromeachother.34．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Weshouldseethepetsasourfamily.B．Catsareveryactiveinthedaytime.C．Allthedogscaninfluenceyoursleep.D．Nomatterhowmuchacateats,itisalwaysfullofenergy.35．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．Travel. B．Animals. C．Culture. D．Health.（2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考一模）Timemanagementhasalotoftipsandtricks(技巧).Andmeasuring(測量)timebyaclockorawatchcanhelpfixalotofstressinthelongrun.Aclockplaysanimportantroleintimemanagement.Itcangreatlyhelpusachieveourpurposes.Italsohelpsussaynotopeoplewantingtowasteourtime.Wecanuseitinmanypartsofourlife.Aclockcanbecomeourbestfriendinourlifewhenweuseittogetwhatwereallywant.Thefollowingwayscanhelpusgetstarted.Realizethepowerof30seconds.Forexample,ifyourhouseisinamess,thinkaboutthis.Failingtohangupacoatandkeepadeskorroomtidyhappenswhenweleaveoutthequickhousework.Wecanplayagametoseeifwecanbuildacleanandcomfortableenvironmentin30seconds.Ifpossible,exerciseataspecifictime.Wecanrideabike,runslowlyortakeaquickwalkfor15minutestwiceaday.Besides,wecantryarunningorswimmingracewithourfamilywithin15minutes.The15minutesseemsshort.However,itmakesourbodiesstrongerifwekeeponit.Gotobedandgetupontime.Thisgoodhabitkeepsyoufullofenergy.Goingtobedat10:30p.m.andgettingupat6:30a.m.isagreatchoice.Itwillmakeyouactiveandisgoodforyourstudyandwork.Everygoal(目標(biāo))inlifewilllikelybefullyrealizedbypairingitupwiththeclock.Therefore,weshouldlearntomanageourtimeandmakethebestuseofeveryminute.36．Whyclocksareimportantintimemanagement?A．Theycanhelpusachieveourpurposes.B．Theyareusedinmanypartsofourlife.C．Theyarepeople’sbestfriends.D．Theycanhelppeoplenotwasteothers’time.37．ThewaythewritergiveshisadviceinParagraph2is________.A．bytellingastory B．bygivinganexampleC．byaskingaquestion D．bycomparingtwofacts38．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“specific”inParagraph3mean?A．Free. B．Hard. C．Certain. D．Boring.39．Whichofthefollowingisthestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))ofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B． C． D．40．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Touseaclocktomanagetime. B．Togiveexamplesofclocks.C．Toshowtheimportanceoftime. D．Todescribetimemeasurement.（2023·廣東肇慶·統(tǒng)考一模）Transplantiseasyandoftencostsless.Ifyouarenewtothiskindofgardening,don’tworry.Agardenexpert,LeeReich,cangiveyouhisadvice.Reichsuggestsstartingwithflowersorvegetablesthatareeasyto