Unit1ThemassmediaReading單詞課文課件譯林版(2020)高中英語選擇性

XB2Unit1Reading單詞&課文critical

adj.

批評的，批判性的；關(guān)鍵的；危急的；嚴重的→critically

adv.

批判性地；危急地→criticize/criticise

v.

批評，批判(反praise)→critic

n.

批評家→

criticism

n.批評;批判;指責;評論becriticalof...批評...becriticalto...對...至關(guān)重要2.trapn.陷阱；圈套；困境；牢籠v.使落入險境；卡住，絆住(trapped-trapped)trappern.捕殺動物者trappedadj.捕獲的；陷入困境的trap...in...=betrappedin把..困于...；被困住...；陷入…中betrappedby被...困住trapsb.intodoingsth.誘使某人做某事；使某人陷入圈套3.releasev.發(fā)布；釋放；松開；發(fā)泄n.釋放；發(fā)行；排放，泄露releasestress釋放壓力releasesb.from...把某人從……中釋放出來beonrelease(電影）已經(jīng)上映4.4.extendvi.&vt.延伸；擴大；延長；伸展→extensionn.拓展；延伸；擴大→extendedadj.延長了的→

extensiveadj.延長的5.constructionn.建筑，建造；建造物→constructv.建造→constructor

n.建造者→constructiveadj.建設(shè)性的;積極的;有助益的underconstruction在建設(shè)中aconstructionworker建筑工人“under+n.”相當于進行時的被動語態(tài)“正在被......”6.dozenn.許多；一打；十來個adozeneggs一打雞蛋two/three/fourdozeneggs兩/三/四打雞蛋dozensof（=lotsof）eggs很多，許多雞蛋7.minoradj.輕微的，次要的

→minorityn.少數(shù)，少數(shù)民族；未成年反:

majoradj.主要的；嚴重的；大音階的；主修的n.少校；主修課程；主修...的學(xué)生；大型企業(yè)；大聯(lián)盟v.主修→majorityn.大部分，大多數(shù)；多數(shù)票；法定成年年齡inthemajority/minority占多/少數(shù)8.bath[bɑ?θ]n.洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆→bathe[be?e]v.沐?。幌丛?；清洗；浸泡；游泳；（光線）灑滿have/takeabath洗澡bebathedin沐浴在……之下9.screamv.尖叫；高聲喊；發(fā)出大而尖的聲音

n.尖叫，尖銳刺耳的聲音→screaminglyadv.極其，非常screamout大聲喊screamatsb.朝某人大喊大叫10.barkvi.（狗）吠叫

vt.厲聲發(fā)令n.（狗）吠聲；短促響亮的人聲；樹皮barkout厲聲發(fā)令；厲聲質(zhì)問barkat對...吠叫 bebarkingupthewrongtree把方法想偏；走錯路線Abarkingdogdoesn'tbite!吠犬不咬人11.chokev.（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激動而）說不出話來（choked,choked）chokeon因…而塞息/呼吸困難choketodeath窒息而死chokeoff制止，阻止；壓制chokebackone'stears/anger抑制住眼淚/憤怒chokeup（因感情激動而）哽咽；堵塞chokewithsth(尤指感情激動而)說不出話來，使哽咽bechokedupwithsth.被……堵塞Shealmostchokedtodeathinthethicksmoke.她幾乎被濃煙嗆死。Hisvoicewaschokingwithanger.他氣得聲音哽咽。cigar

n.雪茄blanket/rug毯子12.automaticadj.自動的；無意識的，不假思索的

→automaticallyadv.自動地→

automationn.自動化13.investigatev.偵查，調(diào)查；研究→investigativeadj.調(diào)查研究的；偵查的→investigationn.調(diào)查；審查；調(diào)查研究→investigatorn.調(diào)查員，偵探investigatesb.調(diào)查某人investigateanaccident調(diào)查事故investigationof對……的調(diào)查underinvestigation正在調(diào)查中14.comeabout發(fā)生（常和how連用）comeaboutbyaccident偶然發(fā)生comeacross偶然遇見，被理解comeafter追查，追趕comealong進展

comeapart破滅

comeoff脫落

comeout出版，出來comeover過來；順便來訪；從遠方來cometrue實現(xiàn)；達到；成為現(xiàn)實comeup走近；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生comeupwith提出；想出；找出；趕上whenitcomesto...一談到……；就……而論（to是介詞）takeplace發(fā)生15.journalistn.

新聞記者，新聞工作者→journaln.雜志，報紙，日志→journalismn.新聞業(yè)，新聞工作→journalisticadj.新聞業(yè)的17.contradictvt.相矛盾；反駁→contradictionn.矛盾；否認；反駁→contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；對立的；不一致的becontradictoryto…與...矛盾incontradictionto同……相矛盾contradictoneself自相矛盾16.priorityn.首要事情，優(yōu)先權(quán)，優(yōu)先事項；重點；(車輛的)優(yōu)先通行權(quán)prioradj.優(yōu)先的；占先的；在...之前thefirst/top/mainpriority第一要務(wù)/優(yōu)先事項/首要任務(wù)withpriority優(yōu)先地，著重地givepriorityto

優(yōu)先考慮……；給……優(yōu)先權(quán)take/havepriorityoversth.優(yōu)先于……；比……重要/有優(yōu)先權(quán)putsth.onyourlistofpriority把......放入優(yōu)先名單bepriorto在……之前18.factualadj.事實的，真實的→factuallyadv.真實地；確實地；事實地=infact19.instancen.例子，事例forinstance/example例如，比如inthefirstinstance起初，首先giveaninstanceof舉例說明takesth.forexample以……為例asaninstance/example作為一個例子20.differv.相異；意見相左→differentadj.不同的（反similar）→differencen.差異，不同(反similarity）differfrom與……不同；區(qū)別于……differin在……方面不同tellthedifference辨別差別makeadifference有意義，起作用makeadifference(to)對……有影響/起作用21.conclusionn.結(jié)論，推論;結(jié)束，結(jié)果；簽訂，達成→concludev.推斷；決定，作結(jié)論；結(jié)束；達成，訂立inconclusion最后，總之cometo/reach/arriveat/drawaconclusion

得出結(jié)論leaptotheconclusion(that...)匆忙得出結(jié)論(……)leadto/pointtoaconclusionthat...得出……結(jié)論bring...toaconclusion使……結(jié)束concludewith以……結(jié)束conclude...from從……中得出/推斷出……concludeanagreement/acontract達成協(xié)議/簽訂合同Itisconcludedthat...斷定/推斷出……22.falseadj.錯誤的；非天生的；假的，偽造的；不真誠的→falselyadv.錯誤地；虛假地；欺詐地23.bringsth.tolight揭露，披露近義：make...public把……公之于眾；揭露……bringabout引起；導(dǎo)致bringup提出；教育；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐bring...down降低/打倒…throw/castlighton...闡明，使了解25.minimumn.最小值，最少量pl.minima/minimums

adj.最低的，最小的→minimaladj.最低/小/少的withaminimumeffort以最小的努力reducesth.toaminimum把某事物減至最低限度keepsth.toaminimum把……保持在最低限度aminimumof最低的……absolute/bareminimum絕對/僅夠的最少量ata/theminimum最起碼，至少，最少theminimumwage/price最低工資/最低價25.maximumn.最大量pl.maxima

adj.最高的，最多的→maximaladj.最大/高的amaximumamount/number最大數(shù)額/數(shù)量maximumsentence判決/刑;宣判/penalty處罰;懲罰;刑罰/fine罰款;罰金

最高判決/刑罰/罰金amaximumof..……的最大值tothemaximum最大限度地26.sumn.金額，款項;總和，總數(shù)；全部→summaryn.摘要，概要adj.概括的，總結(jié)性的→

summarizev.概括，概述，總結(jié)sumup總結(jié)，概括tosumup總之，概括地說（常作插入語）insum總之；總而言之a(chǎn)largesumofmoney一大筆錢thesumof......的和/總數(shù)27.accurateadj.正確無誤的;精確的→accuratelyadv.正確地；準確地；精確地→accuracyn.正確;準確；精確反義詞：inaccurateadj.不精確的；不準確的；有錯誤的

inaccuracyn.不精確；不準確；有錯誤beaccuratein在……方面準確fairlyaccurate相當準確tobeaccurate=accuratelyspeaking準確來說28.committedadj.盡心盡力的→commitvt.承諾，保證；犯（罪）；花（錢或時間）

vi.全心全意投入；忠于→commitment

n.獻身，投入；承諾，許諾；花費；已承諾的事；奉獻becommittedto(doing)sth.致力于（做）某事commitoneselftodoingsth致力于、全身心投入做某事

commitsb.todo/doingsth.使某人承擔做某事的義務(wù)；向某人保證做某事commitacrime犯罪commitsuicide自殺makeacommitment(todo/doingsth.）作出承諾（做某事）makeacommitmenttosb.向某人作出承諾one'scommitmenttosth.某人對某事的承諾29.discriminationn.辨別力，識別力；歧視，區(qū)別對待→discriminatev.區(qū)別，辨別；岐視，區(qū)別對待→discriminatingadj.有識別力、鑒賞力的；→

discriminatoryadj.歧視的，不公正的withoutdiscrimination沒有識別力/鑒賞力discriminationinfavourof偏袒……discriminationagainst歧視……racial/sex/religiousdiscrimination種族/性別/宗教信仰歧視discriminate/tell/distinguishAfromB區(qū)別A與Bdiscriminate/tell/distinguishbetweenAandB區(qū)別A和B30.curiosityn.好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地raiseone'scuriosity激起某人的好奇心havethecuriositytodosth.有做某事的好奇心satisfysb.'scuriosity滿足某人的好奇心outofcuriosity出于好奇withcuriosity=curiously好奇地Curiositykilledthecat.好奇害死貓【用于告誡別人不要多打聽】becuriousabout對……感到好奇becurioustoknow/learn...很想知道/了解…Whattoolsdoyouuseifyouwanttogetthelatestnews?newspapersInternet

cellphone(app)radioTVMassMedia...VideowatchingPrintDigitalStep3:Self-studyClassifytypesofmassmediaWeiboWechatTiktokTVRadioNewspapersAdvertisementsDigitalmedia:Weibo,Wechat,TiktokTV,RadioBroadcastmedia:Printmedia:NewspapersOutdoormedia:AdvertisementsMostofuslearnaboutnewsthroughthemassmedia,butcanwejustbelievenewsasitispresented?Doyoubelieveeverythingyoureadinanewsreport?Ismassmedia

100%reliable?

Famoussaying(P1)Allofuswhoprofessionallyusethemassmediaaretheshapersofsociety.—WilliamBernbach我們所有專業(yè)使用大眾傳媒的人都是社會的塑造者。

——威廉·伯恩巴克該句意在提醒人們關(guān)注大眾傳媒對社會的重要影響。威廉·伯恩巴克，美國著名廣告公司DDB創(chuàng)始人、廣告創(chuàng)意總監(jiān)。1911年生于紐約。與DavidOgilvy和LeoBernard被譽為20世紀60年代美國廣告“創(chuàng)意革命”的三大旗手之一，是廣告文學(xué)派的代表，倡導(dǎo)廣告創(chuàng)意的先鋒。Beacriticalnewsreader.Don’tbeakeyboardwarrior.·Let’sreadthetwonewsreports.Step4:GuidanceandexplorationWhatisthedifferencebetweentheheadlinesofthetwonewsreports?NewsOneNewsTwoFirefightersputouttowerblockfireDeadlyfireintowerblockcausesseriousdamage高層建筑；辦公大樓Subject./Maincontent.Adroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorTimePlaceDeathsandinjuriesRescueeffortsCauseNewsreport1SundaynightHendersonTower(1)(2)Newsreport24confirmeddeadanddozensofpeopleinjured(3)Thenumberofdeathcouldreach5

Fireenginesandambulancesarrivedin15minutes,firefightersgotsituationundercontrolaroun11p.m.A1A1Whatarethedifferencesbetweenthetwonewsreports?DifferentemphasesDifferentdetailsDifferentclosingsNews1:rescueeffortsoffirefightersFactualdifferences.Thenumbersofdeathsdiffer:5innews1while9innews2News1:concernNews2:furtherinvestigationNews2:thenumbersofdeathsandinjuriesNewsreportsusuallyPart1:Para..Part2:Paras._____.Part3:Para.______.12-34Therearethree______forthedifferences.1.different______________2.different______________3.different__________________

Wecaninmanyways.comewithdifferencesbecomecriticalnewsreadersreasonsprioritiesstagesapproachinformationSummarizethemainideaofeachparagraphbyfillinginthechart.ReadingnewsreportscriticallyStep6:ConsolidationWeshouldgivethetruthmoretimetoputonitsshoes.Beacriticalnewsreader!10JulyFirefightersputouttowerblockfireFirefightersquicklyputouttheHendersonTowerfirelastnight.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor,spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.做一名有判斷力的新聞讀者！7月10日

消防員撲滅高樓大火

昨晚消防員迅速撲滅了亨德森大樓的大火。周日晚上的這場火災(zāi)被認為起于九樓，并迅速蔓延至整棟大樓，導(dǎo)致九樓以上的人被困。Fearsgrewthatthenumberofdeathscouldreach5,accordingtofiguresreleasedbyemergencyservices.Fireenginesandambulances,

calledat9：30p.m.,reachedthescenewithin15minutes.Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.Firefightersgotthesituationundercontrol⑨around11p．m.Thereisconcernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.根據(jù)應(yīng)急服務(wù)機構(gòu)公布的數(shù)據(jù)，人們更加擔心死亡人數(shù)可能達到5人。昨晚9點30分，消防車和救護車接到呼叫，并于15分鐘內(nèi)趕到火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場。此時火勢已蔓延至十六樓。晚上11點左右，消防員控制住了火勢。有人擔心建造這棟高樓的建筑公司沒有遵守消防安全規(guī)范。11July

Localnews

A2DeadlyfireintowerblockcausesseriousdamageAterriblefirebrokeoutonSundaynight,leavingtheHendersonTowerseriouslydamaged.Emergencyservicesestimatethatthenumberofdeathscouldreach9.Bythismorning,4peoplehavebeenconfirmeddead.Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition.LisaMayer,29,isamongtheluckyoneswhoonlysufferedminorinjuries.7月11日

當?shù)匦侣?/p>

第二版高樓致命大火造成嚴重損失周日晚間突發(fā)一場可怕的大火，致使亨德森大樓嚴重受損。應(yīng)急服務(wù)機構(gòu)估計死亡人數(shù)可能達到9人。截至今天上午，已有4人確認死亡。大火還造成許多人受傷，其中5人傷勢嚴峻。29歲的莉薩·邁耶是只受了輕傷的幸運人士之一。Sherecalled,“IwasabouttohaveabathwhenIheardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking.Ilookedoutsideandthesmokewaschokingme.Itwaslikeanawfuldream.”MrPeterson,headofthefireservice,confirmsthatadroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthattheautomatic

firealarmsdidnotgooff

quicklyenoughtopreventthedisaster.Ateamiscurrently

investigating

theaccidentfurther.她回憶說：“我正要洗澡，就聽到有人尖叫，還有狗在叫。我向外看，卻被濃煙嗆住。這就像一場可怕的夢。”消防隊隊長彼得森先生證實，一根掉在九樓一塊地毯上的煙頭引起了火災(zāi)，而自動火警報警器沒有及時報警，因而導(dǎo)致了災(zāi)難的發(fā)生。調(diào)查組目前正在進一步調(diào)查這起事故。ReadingnewsreportscriticallyWerelyonnewstolearn

aboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.However,weusuallyfindthatreportsonthesameeventscontaindifferentorevencontradictoryinformation.Howdothesedifferencescomeabout?批判性地閱讀新聞報道

我們依賴新聞來了解周圍的世界正在發(fā)生什么事情。然而，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，對同一事件的不同報道往往包含不同甚至互相矛盾的信息。這些差異是如何產(chǎn)生的？Itisadvisabletorememberthatjournalists

mayhavedifferentpriorities,whichwouldinfluencehowtheyreportanevent.Let'stakethetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfireasanexample.Wecanseethatthefirstnewsreportpaysmoreattentiontotherescueefforts,whilethesecondtalksmoreaboutdeathsandinjuries.明智的做法是記住記者眼中的首要事項可能會有所不同，這會影響他們?nèi)绾螆蟮酪粍t事件。讓我們以這兩篇有關(guān)亨德森大樓火災(zāi)的新聞報道為例。我們可以看到，第一篇新聞報道更關(guān)注救援工作，而第二篇談?wù)摳嗟膭t是傷亡情況。Whenwereadmorethanonereport,wecometounderstandaneventinamorecomprehensiveway.Evenifnewsreportsarewrittenfrombasicallythesameperspective,theymaycontradicteachotherintermsof

factual

details,aseventsintherealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.Forinstance,thenumbersofdeathsdiffer

inthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusion

thatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalse

information