2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)作業(yè)23UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSDiscoveringUsefulStructures含解析新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

UNIT4NaturaldisastersⅠ.閱讀理解Earthquakeshappenwithoutwarning(前兆).Theycanhappenanytimeofaday,atanypointduringtheyear.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.However,it'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.Ifyouareoutside,stayawayfrombuildingsandpowerlines(輸電線)．Stayunderadesk,table,orotherstrongfurniture.Holdontoit.Orstayinacornerofthebuilding.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatowelorclothing.Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Keepawayfromwindows,picturesoradvertisementsonthewallorthebuilding,andanythingelsethatcouldfallandhurtyou.Mostpeoplegetinjuredbyfallingthingsduringanearthquake,notbytheshakingitself.Alsokeepawayfromafire.Youcouldfalldownandburnyourselfonthefire.Ifyouaredrivingwhenanearthquakehappens,stopthecarifit'ssafe.Stayinsideyourcaruntiltheearthquakestops,anddon'tdrivenearbridges.Trynottostopbypowerlinesortrees.Thesecouldfallandhurtyou.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)對(duì)如何在地震中幸存下來(lái)和愛(ài)護(hù)好自己幾方面的講解，使我們了解和提高了平安防范意識(shí)。1．Mostearthquakesaretoo________tohurtpeople.A．strong B．weakC．dangerous D．heavy答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第三句Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.可知大多數(shù)地震都很“微弱”，故答案選B。2．Fromthepassage，whenanearthquakeishappening，weshould________.A．Stayunderabigbuilding B．StayunderastrongfurnitureC．Standbywindows D．drivenearabigbridge答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句Stayunderadesk，table，orotherstrongfurniture.可知地震發(fā)生時(shí)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)躲在桌子、椅子或其他牢固的家具下，所以答案選B。3．Itisn'tsafeforyouto________whiletheearthquakeishappening.A．runoutofthebuilding B．stayinacornerofthebuildingC．coveryourheadwithyourarmsD．coveryourmouthwithatowel答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.以及第三段最終一句Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.可知地震期間不要出去會(huì)更平安一些，故答案選A。4．Thispassagetellsus________.A．howdangeroustheearthquakeisB．howtobesafeinanearthquakeC．weshouldn'tbeafraidoftheearthquakeD．howtheearthquakecomesintobeing答案：B解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句However,it'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenanearthquakeishappening.以及下文每一段的第一句可知本文講的是地震來(lái)了如何愛(ài)護(hù)自己，故答案選B。Ⅱ.七選五TheScienceofEarthquakes__1__Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonicplates(構(gòu)造板塊).Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?__2__Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle(地幔)andtheearth'scrust(地殼).Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.__3__Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth'ssurface,theyshaketheground.__4__ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.__5__Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.A．Howareearthquakesrecorded?B．Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.C．Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.D．Whatisanearthquake?E．Theearthhasfourmainlayers(層)．F．Canscientistspredictearthquakes?G．ScientistscantellwhereanearthquaketookplacebystudyingthePandSwaves.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文主要介紹了關(guān)于地震的一些學(xué)問(wèn)。1．D解析：由“Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonicplates(構(gòu)造板塊).Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.”可知，地球表面被分成不同的部分。這些被稱(chēng)為板塊。當(dāng)兩個(gè)板塊突然擦肩而過(guò)時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生地震。這振動(dòng)了地面和上面的一切事物。所以本段在向讀者說(shuō)明地震是什么也就是小題1本段標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容。故D選項(xiàng)“地震是什么”符合句意。故D選項(xiàng)正確。2．E解析：由“Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle(地幔)andtheearth'scrust(地殼)”可知，它們是內(nèi)核、外核、地幔和地殼。所以小題2要總說(shuō)“地球有四個(gè)主要層”。故E選項(xiàng)“地球有四個(gè)主要層”符合句意。故E選項(xiàng)正確。3．B解析：由“Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck”可知，這些碎片總是四處移動(dòng)，相互碰撞。有時(shí)它們的邊緣會(huì)卡在一起。當(dāng)這種狀況發(fā)生的時(shí)候，剩下的板塊接著移動(dòng)。最終邊緣會(huì)松脫。所以以上這些都在說(shuō)明小題3所要總結(jié)性表達(dá)的內(nèi)容——那就是地震發(fā)生的時(shí)候。故B選項(xiàng)“那就是地震發(fā)生的時(shí)候”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)正確。4．C解析：由“ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.”可知，縱波擠壓并拉伸地球。橫波上下?lián)u動(dòng)地球。所以小題4要總說(shuō)“地震波有不同的類(lèi)型”，然后再詳細(xì)說(shuō)明。故C選項(xiàng)“地震波有不同的類(lèi)型”符合句意。故C選項(xiàng)正確。5．A解析：由“Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.”可知，科學(xué)家運(yùn)用特別工具記錄和測(cè)量地震。這些工具被稱(chēng)為地震儀。地震儀的記錄告知科學(xué)家地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。它們還可以告知科學(xué)家地震的強(qiáng)弱。所以本段主要在探討地震是如何被記錄的也就是小題5本段的標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容。故A選項(xiàng)“地震是如何被記錄的”符合句意。故A選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Myfamilyhaslivedinonebigcityafteranotherbecauseofmydad'sjob.IlovelivinginthecitybecauseIcanfindopportunitiesforculture,__1__(educate),andentertainment.Now,IliveinLondon.__2__myfreetime,Icanvisitthemuseums,thezoo,cinemaandcommunitycenters.Icanalsoreadgoodbooksinpublic__3__(library)andbookshops.Besides,Icanvisitlovelyandpeacefulparks__4__(relax)myself.However,somepeoplewholiveinthecountrydon'tliketoliveinthecitybecausetheyfeelstressful,noisyand__5__(crowd)．Ialsolikelivinginthecountry.Icanfeedcows,goatsandchickens,andevenlearntoride__6__horse.Icanalsogoonnaturewalks,andexploreforests,cavesandbeaches.However,somecitypeoplethinkcountrylifeislonelybecausetheythinkthey__7__(cut)offfromtheoutsideworld.Theyarealsomorelikelytobelonelywhen__8__(live)inabigcity.Soitishardtodecide__9__citylifeisbetterthancountrylifeornot.__10__(actual),it'snotwhereyoulivebuthowyoulivethatdecidesyourhappylife.本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章作者通過(guò)講解并描述自己在城市和鄉(xiāng)村的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，說(shuō)明白這樣一個(gè)道理——事實(shí)上，不是你在哪里生活，而是你如何生活，確定你的華蜜生活。1．education解析：考查名詞。句意：我喜愛(ài)生活在城市，因?yàn)槲铱梢垣@得文化、教化和消遣的機(jī)會(huì)。介詞for之后，用名詞，所以填education。2．In/During解析：考查介詞。句意：在我的空閑時(shí)間，我