2019高考英語一輪選練習題Unit2TheUnitedKingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5

Unit2TheUnitedKingdom李仕才一、閱讀理解ASeveralpaniesinEurope,theUSandAsiahavedecidedtochangeoneoftheprocessesofmakingchocolateandnolongerroastthecacaobeans.TheyinsistthatgrowersinAfricaandSouthAmericaleavethemoutdoorstodrynaturallyinstead.Theresultingproductiscalled“raw”chocolate.Producersclaimthatavoidingexposuretooventemperaturesallowsthepreservationofnutrientssuchasiron,zinc,copperandvitaminC．It'salsoclaimedthatuncookedcacaocontainshigherlevelsofantioxidants(抗氧化物)thanroastedcacaousedinmostchocolate.“Overthelast10years,consumershavebeemoreinvolvedintheirfoodanddrink，”saysKrisMcGowan,whorunstheRawChocolatepany.“Theycarealotmoreaboutitshealthyqualitiesandchocolateisnoexception.”ButMartinSchweizer,professorofbiochemistryatHeriot-WattUniversity,urgescautionondescribingrawchocolateasasuperfooduntilmoreresearchiscarriedout.“Wehavetolookatthisinmoredepth.Theresearchisatafairlyearlystage.”Thereareconcernsthatnotheatingthemtoabout150℃couldmeananincreaseinbacteria.However,producersinsistthat,asnoanimalproductsareinvolved,thereisnogreaterriskthanwhendealingwithvegetablessuchascarrotsorlettuces.JenniferEarle,awriteronchocolate,isunconvincedbyitontastegrounds.“It'sthequalityofthecacaothatmakesadifference,notwhetherthechocolateis‘raw’ornot，”shesays.“Andifyou'retalkingabouthealth,I'drathereatsometop-qualityordinarychocolateandhaveaplateofvegetablesafterwards.”【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。許多生產(chǎn)商在制作巧克力時不再對可可豆進行加熱烘干，并宣稱這樣做可以保護可可豆中的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，但是一些研究人員對此有不同的看法?！鹃L難句分析】However,producersinsistthat,asnoanimalproductsareinvolved,thereisnogreaterriskthanwhendealingwithvegetablessuchascarrotsorlettuces.(第五段第二句)分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。that引導的是賓語從句，作insist的賓語；在賓語從句中含有as引導的原因狀語從句。譯文：然而，生產(chǎn)者堅持認為，因為沒有涉及動物制品，所以不加熱到150℃時的風險與處理胡蘿卜和生菜這類蔬菜時存在的風險一樣小。1．ChocolatebeangrowersinAfrica________.A．drythebeansoutdoorsnaturallyB．roastthebeansatalowtemperatureC．cookthebeansinpotsinsteadofinovensD．storethebeanswithuncookedvegetables答案與解析：A考查細節(jié)理解。【關(guān)鍵句】TheyinsistthatgrowersinAfricaandSouthAmericaleavethemoutdoorstodrynaturallyinstead.(第一段第二句)譯文：他們堅稱非洲和南美的種植者是將可可豆放在戶外自然晾干?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，非洲的可可豆種植者是將可可豆放在戶外自然晾干。故選A。2．Producersofrawchocolateclaimthat________.A．itcanfightbacteriaB．itisveryeco-friendlyC．itpreservesmorenutrientsD．itcontainslessantioxidants答案與解析：C考查細節(jié)理解。【關(guān)鍵句】Producersclaimthatavoidingexposuretooventemperaturesallowsthepreservationofnutrientssuchasiron,zinc,copperandvitaminC．(第二段第一句)譯文：生產(chǎn)商稱不在烤爐上烘焙可可豆可以讓可可豆保持其原有的營養(yǎng)，例如鐵、鋅、銅和維生素C?！窘忸}思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，生巧克力的生產(chǎn)商聲稱不烘焙可可豆所生產(chǎn)出的生巧克力可以保留更多營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。故選C。3．JenniferEarle,thewriteronchocolate,thinksthat________.A．roastedcacaoiscleanerB．rawchocolateishealthierC．rawchocolatetastesbetterD．cacaoqualitymattersmore答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解?！娟P(guān)鍵句】“It'sthequalityofthecacaothatmakesadifference,notwhetherthechocolateis‘raw’ornot，”shesays.(最后一段第二句)譯文：她說：“重要的是可可豆的質(zhì)量，而不是巧克力是‘生’的還是不‘生’的。”【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，JenniferEarle認為可可豆的質(zhì)量更重要。故選D。4．Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A．notmuchresearchhasbeendoneonrawchocolateB．rawchocolatehasbeethemostpopularvarietyC．childrenfacetherisksfrombacteriawheneatingrawchocolateD．a(chǎn)llconsumershaveturnedtorawchocolateforhealthconcerns答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。【關(guān)鍵句】“Wehavetolookatthisinmoredepth.Theresearchisatafairlyearlystage.”(第四段第二、三句)譯文：“我們還需要對此做更深入的研究。這個研究還處于一個相當初級的階段?！薄窘忸}思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，對生巧克力的研究還處于初級階段，由此可推斷，針對生巧克力的研究還沒有做。故選A。BIthasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugar,butnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthat,whileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight. AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays,＂Lighttomoderatealcoholintake,especiallyofwine,maybemorelikelytoprotectagainst,ratherthanpromote,weightgain.＂TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholresearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusions,particularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight. BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms(生物學機制)relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes( Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfat,andthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinks,takingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight. Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbeingobese.What’smore,astudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrol,apoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.1.Thepassageismainlyforthose_________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight2.Theunderlinedphrase＂inmoderation＂inthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.excitedly B.carefully C.frequently D.properly3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbeingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會減肥。1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關(guān)系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關(guān)系。所以說是寫給有 喝酒習慣的人的，故選B。2.D【解析】猜測詞義題。與上句形成對比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項同義，故選D。4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會破壞肥胖細胞，所以下文會證明這一觀點， 故選C。二、七選五(2018·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理學家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedtohappiness.__1__ScientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebondingLatelastyear,Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones,andisn'tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still,chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengers—somethingtheytypicallyavoided.__2__Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedwithoursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwith,andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服務(wù)員)reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易).__3__Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers,thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedwiththeexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.__4__Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露).Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.__5__.A．Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B．Butdon'tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.C．Theyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedtohappiness.D．Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourney.E．Makingsmalltalkisanimportantskillforallthesocialsituations.F．A“curiousmindset”，theauthorconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”.G．Ofcourse,somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.【文章大意】'本文主要講述了聊天會讓人開心。1．答案與解析：B根據(jù)上文的“Inonestudy，researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedtohappiness”和下文的“Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選B項“但是，不要貶低聊天的重要性”。2．答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文的“Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected”可推知，應(yīng)選D項。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客說旅途更加愉快。3．答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文的“chatwithgallerygoers”可知，應(yīng)選A項。參觀美術(shù)館的人也有同樣的感受。4．答案與解析：G根據(jù)本段中對兩類人的介紹可推知，有些人更擅長把聊天話題擴大，所以選G項。5．答案與解析：F根據(jù)上文的“Butpeoplewhowereconsideredcurious'needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges”可推知，具有好奇心的人會與他人進行積極的社交互動，所以選F項。三、短文改錯Friendshipisveryimportanttoeveryone,especiallytome.Now,IwouldliketodescribeoneofmybestfriendswhosenamearePetou.ThefirstreasonwhyIconsiderhimasmybestfriendisbecausehehasaverywarmpersonality.Healwayssmilepolitelyatme,makemeabsolutelydelightedwhenImeethim.What’smore,honestishisgoodmanner—heneverliesme.Inaddition,heisthecaringandpassionatefriend.He’swillingtohelpmewheneverIhaveintrouble.ThesecondreasonisthatPetouisreallyexcellently.Heexcelsateverysubject,whichmakesmeadmirehimverymuch.Tosummarize,Petouhasaverygoodpersonality.Besides,hehasagreatabilitytohelpotherfriendsandhim.Ireallylikehim.答案：第二句：are→is第三句：because→that第四句：smile→smiles;make→making第五句：honest→honesty;lies后加to第六句：the→a第七句：去掉in第八句：excellently→excellent第十一句：him→me四、語法填空(2018·江西名校聯(lián)盟檢測)TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu，__1__(especial),hashadagreateffect__2__themillionsofpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Fromthat,theymayetoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother__3__(aspect)ofthisculture.OtherAsiannationshavelongknownaboutthe__4__(great)ofancientChineseculture.Theirownculturesare__5__mixofnativeonesandthoseChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatcontinuestodayevenasit__6__(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthesfromtheideas__7__(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whichbuiltupontheideasofaneven__8__(much)ancientperiodcod