建筑結(jié)60課件講解

建筑結(jié)構(gòu)ArchitecturalStructures板的構(gòu)造要求ConstructionRequirementsforPlates3.2梁、板構(gòu)件設(shè)計DesignofBeamandPlateElements目錄

CONTENTS板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates1板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates2混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover3截面有效高度EffectiveHeightofSection4板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlatesPARTONE板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates槽形Trough-shaped矩形板Rectangular空心形Hollowshapes往往用在預制的結(jié)構(gòu)中Oftenusedinprefabricatedstructures承載力Load-bearingcapacity剛度Stiffness裂縫控制Crackcontrol施工Construction板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates現(xiàn)澆板厚度取10mm的倍數(shù)。Cast-in-placeplatethicknessesaremultiplesof10mm.工程中常用厚度為60、70、80、100和120mm。Inengineeringprojects,commonlyusedthicknessesare60,70,80,100,and120millimeters.板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates板的類別CategoryofPlate高跨比h/l0Height-to-SpanRatioh/l0最小厚度Minimum

Thickness單向板UnidirectionalPlate屋面板、民用建筑樓板RoofPlate,FloorPlateforCivilBuildings1/35~1/4060工業(yè)建筑樓板IndustrialBuildingFloorPlate70行車道下的樓板FloorPlateBeneathTrafficLane80雙向板Two-WayPlate1/45~1/5080懸臂板CantileverPlate板的懸臂長度≤500mmCantileverLengthofthePlate≤500mm1/10~1/1260板的懸臂長度1200mmCantileverLengthofthePlate:1200mm100無梁樓板BeamlessFloor150現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土板最小厚度

Minimumthicknessforcast-in-situreinforcedconcreteplates板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates對于現(xiàn)澆民用建筑樓板，當板厚與計算跨度之比下列規(guī)定時，可認為板的剛度滿足要求，不必進行撓度驗算。Forcast-in-situfloorplatesincivilbuildings,whentheratiooftheplatethicknesstothecalculatedspansatisfiesthefollowingprovisions,therigidityoftheplatecanbeconsideredadequatewithoutnecessitatingdeflectioncalculations.板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates單向板：不大于l0/30UnidirectionalPlate:Notexceedingl0/30雙向板：不大于l0/40Two-WayPlate:Notexceedingl0/40無梁支撐的有柱帽板：不大于l0/35ColumnCapPlateWithoutBeams:Notexceedingl0/35懸臂板：l0/12CantileverPlate:l0/12板的截面形式及尺寸Cross-sectionalFormsandDimensionsofPlates板的配筋ReinforcementforPlatesPARTTWO板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement受力鋼筋Tensionreinforcement受力鋼筋Tensionreinforcement承擔由彎矩產(chǎn)生的拉應(yīng)力，沿板跨設(shè)置在受拉區(qū)。Locatedinthetensionregionalongthespanoftheplate,designedtobeartensilestressesresultingfrommoments.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates與受力鋼筋垂直，放置在受力鋼筋內(nèi)側(cè)。Placedperpendiculartothetensionreinforcement,insidethetensionreinforcement.分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates雙向板板底兩個方向均為受力筋。Bothdirectionsatthebottomoftheplateconsistoftensionreinforcement.受力鋼筋Tensionreinforcement板面上承受負彎矩的負筋也是受力筋。Thenegativereinforcementontheplatesurfacethatbearsnegativemomentsisalsotensionreinforcement.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates受力鋼筋Tensionreinforcement直徑：通常為6~12mm。Diameter:Usuallyrangesfrom6to12millimeters.板厚較大：14~18mm。Forthickerplates:14to18millimeters.通常受力鋼筋直徑不宜小于8mm，避免踩踏至底。Usually,thediameteroftensionreinforcementshouldnotbelessthan8mmtopreventexcessivethinning.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates受力鋼筋Tensionreinforcement板中受力鋼筋間距：70~200mm。Spacingoftensionreinforcementintheplate:70to200millimeters.板厚h≤150mm：不宜大于200mm。Forplatethicknessh≤150mm:itisnotadvisabletoexceed200mm.h＞150mm：不宜大于1.5h，且不宜大于250mm。Whenh>150mm:itisnotrecommendedtoexceed1.5timesh,andalsonottoexceed250mm.板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement布置在受力鋼筋內(nèi)側(cè)，與受力鋼筋垂直。Arrangedontheinnersideofthetensionreinforcement,perpendiculartoit.分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement將板上荷載均勻傳遞給受力鋼筋，固定受力鋼筋位置，與受力鋼筋一起形成鋼筋網(wǎng)片。Distributetheloadontheplateevenlytothetensionreinforcement,securethepositionofthetensionreinforcement,andformasteelmeshtogetherwiththetensionreinforcement.分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement作用Function板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement抵抗混凝土收縮和溫度變化所產(chǎn)生的拉應(yīng)力。Resisttensilestressescausedbyconcreteshrinkageandtemperaturechanges.分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement作用Function板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement面積：≮15%As，且≮0.15%bhArea:Notlessthan15%ofAs,andnotlessthan0.15%ofbh分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement構(gòu)造配置Constructionrequirements直徑：≮6mmDiameter:≮6mm間距：≯250mmSpacing:≯250mm板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement當有較大集中荷載或者溫度、收縮應(yīng)力較大區(qū)域，分布鋼筋可加大配置。Inareaswithsignificantconcentratedloadsorhightemperature/shrinkagestresses,distributionreinforcementcanbeincreasedaccordingly.分布鋼筋Distributionreinforcement構(gòu)造配置Constructionrequirements板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates保護鋼筋免遭銹蝕Toprotectthereinforcementfromcorrosion減小混凝土碳化Reduceconcretecarbonation保證鋼筋與混凝土間有足夠的黏結(jié)強度Ensuresufficientbondstrengthbetweenreinforcementandconcrete提高混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的耐火、耐久性Improvethefireresistanceanddurabilityofconcretestructures受力鋼筋表面必須有足夠厚度的混凝土保護層Thesurfaceofthetensionreinforcementmusthaveasufficientthicknessofconcretecover板的配筋ReinforcementforPlates混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCoverPARTTHREE混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover混凝土保護層厚度：最外層鋼筋外邊緣至混凝土表面的距離，小寫c表示。Concretecoverthickness:Thedistancefromtheouteredgeoftheoutermostreinforcingbartotheconcretesurface,representedbylowercase'c’.最外層鋼筋：主要指箍筋、構(gòu)造筋、分布筋等。Outermostreinforcingbars:Primarilyreferringtostirrups,constructionbars,anddistributionbars,amongothers.梁最外層鋼筋是箍筋Theoutermostreinforcingbarsinabeamarethestirrups柱最外層鋼筋是箍筋Theoutermostreinforcingbarsaroundacolumnarethestirrups塑料定位卡：為留混凝土保護層所設(shè)PlasticPositioningSpacers:Designedformaintainingconcretecover混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover墻最外層鋼筋是水平分布筋Theoutermostreinforcementinwallsisthehorizontaldistributionreinforcement板最外層鋼筋是受力筋Theoutermostreinforcingbarsinaplatearethetensionreinforcement墻體和板底保護層均用砂漿墊塊做成Bothwallandbottomofplateprotectivelayersareconstructedusingmortarspacers混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover混凝土保護層過小Theconcretecoveristoosmall露筋Exposedreinforcement混凝土保護層偏大Theconcretecoveristoolarge影響構(gòu)件有效截面Affectstheeffectivecross-sectionofthemember承載力變小Reducesthebearingcapacity直接影響結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量和安全Directlyimpactsstructuralqualityandsafety混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover環(huán)境類別EnvironmentCategory板、墻Plate,Wall梁、柱、桿Beam,Column,Rod一One1520二aTwoa2025二bTwob2535三aThreea3040三bThreeb4050混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover構(gòu)件中受力鋼筋保護層厚度應(yīng)不小于鋼筋的公稱直徑。Theprotectivelayerthicknessfortensionreinforcementinstructuralmembersshouldnotbelessthanthenominaldiameterofthereinforcement.設(shè)計使用年限100年混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，一類，其厚度不應(yīng)小于表中數(shù)值1.4倍；二、三類，專門措施。For100-yeardesignlifeconcretestructuresinClass1environment,thethicknessshouldnotbelessthan1.4timesthevalueslistedinthetable;forClasses2and3,specialmeasuresapply.混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover當混凝土強度等級小于C25時，表中保護層厚度數(shù)值應(yīng)增加5mm。WhentheconcretestrengthgradeislessthanC25,theprotectivelayerthicknessvaluesinthetableshouldbeincreasedby5mm.基礎(chǔ)底面鋼筋的保護層厚度，有混凝土墊層是應(yīng)從墊層頂面算起，且不小于40mm。Fortheprotectivelayerthicknessofreinforcementatthebaseofthefoundation,whenthereisaconcretecushionlayer,itshouldbemeasuredfromthetopsurfaceofthecushionlayerandshouldnotbelessthan40mm.混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover環(huán)境類別

EnvironmentCategory條件

Condition一室內(nèi)干燥環(huán)境

IndoorDryEnvironment無侵蝕性靜水浸沒環(huán)境

Non-ErosiveImmersedStaticWaterEnvironment二a室內(nèi)潮濕環(huán)境

IndoorHumidEnvironment非嚴寒和非寒冷地區(qū)的露天環(huán)境

OutdoorEnvironmentinNon-SevereColdandNon-ColdRegions非嚴寒和非寒冷地區(qū)與無侵蝕性的水或土壤直接接觸的環(huán)境

EnvironmentinNon-SevereColdandNon-ColdRegionswithDirectContacttoNon-ErosiveWaterorSoil嚴寒和寒冷地區(qū)的冰凍線以下與無侵蝕性的水或土壤直接接觸的環(huán)境

EnvironmentBelowtheFrostLineinSevereColdandColdRegionswithDirectContacttoNon-ErosiveWaterorSoil二b干濕交替環(huán)境

Dry-WetAlternatingEnvironment水位頻繁變動環(huán)境

EnvironmentwithFrequentWaterLevelFluctuations嚴寒和寒冷地區(qū)的露天環(huán)境

OutdoorEnvironmentinSevereColdandColdRegions嚴寒和寒冷地區(qū)冰凍線以上與無侵蝕性的水或土壤直接接觸的環(huán)境

EnvironmentAbovetheFrostLineinSevereColdandColdRegionswithDirectContacttoNon-ErosiveWaterorSoil三a嚴寒和寒冷地區(qū)冬季水位變動區(qū)環(huán)境

WinterWaterLevelFluctuationZonesinSevereColdandColdRegions受除冰鹽環(huán)境影響

SubjecttoDeicingSaltEnvironmentInfluence海風環(huán)境

MarineWindEnvironment三b鹽漬土環(huán)境

SalineSoilEnvironment受除冰鹽作用環(huán)境

EnvironmentSubjecttoDeicingSaltAction海岸環(huán)境

CoastalEnvironment四海水環(huán)境

MarineEnvironment五受人為或自然的侵蝕性物質(zhì)影響的環(huán)境

EnvironmentAffectedbyErosiveSubstancesofHumanorNaturalOrigin混凝土保護層厚度ThicknessofConcreteCover截面的有效高度EffectiveHeightofSectionPARTFOUR截面的有效高度EffectiveHeightofSection截面有效高度h0：受拉鋼筋的重心至混凝土受壓邊緣的垂直距離。Effectiveheightofthecross-section,h0:Theverticaldistancefromthe