語法七　介詞課件 中考英語語法專題探究

語法七介詞第2部分語法專題探究考點(diǎn)精講即學(xué)即練考點(diǎn)1時(shí)間介詞考點(diǎn)精講1.at,on和in介詞用法例子atat后常接具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)、年齡、正午/午夜。atfiveo’clock,attheageofeight/ateight,atnoon/nightonon后常接具體的某一天或具體某一天的上午/下午/晚上，也可用于星期或節(jié)假日前。onOctober1st,onthenightofDecember31st,onMonday,onChristmasDay介詞用法例子inin后常接年份、月份、季節(jié)、年代、泛指的上午/下午/晚上，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間段。in2024,inSeptember,insummer,inthe1990s,inthemorning/afternoon/eveningin后接一段時(shí)間，表示“在……之后”，通常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)中，回答howsoon引出的疑問句。Thefinalexamwillbeheldin2weeks.

期末考試將在兩周后舉行。【注意】在含this,that,last,next,every等表示時(shí)間的詞組及某些表示時(shí)間的詞(yesterday,today,tomorrow等)前通常不加介詞。this/thatevening今天/那天晚上last/next/everyweek上/下/每周yesterdayafternoon昨天下午2.since,for,during和from介詞用法例子since“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”、“since＋一段時(shí)間＋ago”，意為“自從……以來”，表示“從過去某一時(shí)刻起(事件開始發(fā)生)”，通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.他從四歲生日起就擁有它了。(RJ八下U10)IhavemovedtoGuigangsince5yearsago.我五年前就搬到貴港了。介詞用法例子for(2023.49)“for＋時(shí)間段”，表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)或持續(xù)的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。IhavereadtheEnglishnovelfornearlyamonth.我已經(jīng)花了將近一個(gè)月的時(shí)間讀這本英文小說。during“during＋時(shí)間段/表示事件延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的名詞(stay,travel,visit等)”，意為“在……期間內(nèi)”。ItwasbroughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.在六世紀(jì)和七世紀(jì)期間它被帶到韓國(guó)。(RJ九全U6)介詞用法例子from意為“從……起”，表示時(shí)間的開始。from…to…

“從……到……”Thefilmlastsfrom8:00pmto10:00pm.

這場(chǎng)電影從晚上八點(diǎn)持續(xù)到晚上十點(diǎn)。3.其他時(shí)間介詞介詞意義及用法例子before意為“在……之前”，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Hemustbebackhomebefore10:00pm.

他必須在晚上十點(diǎn)前回家。after(2023.49)意為“在……之后”。after后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用將來時(shí)；after后接時(shí)間段時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去時(shí)。I’llcallyouafter2pm.我將在下午兩點(diǎn)后打給你。Hecamebackafterafewdays.他幾天后回來了。介詞意義及用法例子till/until意為“到……時(shí)；直到……為止”。其后常跟時(shí)間點(diǎn)，且謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。否定形式not…until…表示“直到……才……”，謂語動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Wewillstayinthelibraryuntil/till5pm.我們將在圖書館待到下午五點(diǎn)。Samisn’tleavinguntilnextWednesday.薩姆直到下周三才會(huì)離開。(RJ八上U9)介詞意義及用法例子by意為“不遲于……；在……之前”。by后接將來的時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般將來時(shí)；by后接過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去完成時(shí)。Bytheendofthisterm,I’lllearn2,000words.到這學(xué)期期末，我將學(xué)會(huì)2000個(gè)單詞。IhadspentallthemoneybylastFriday.到上周五為止，我已經(jīng)花光了所有的錢。即學(xué)即練1.Lisawantsmetomeether________Friday,becauseshe’llbeawayearlythisFridaymorning.A．before B．a(chǎn)fter

C．until2.(2024福建)Aspecialfestivalwasheld________September23rdlastyeartohonorthehardworkofChinesefarmers.A．in B．for

C．on3.—Whendoestheschoolbusleave________themorning?—Theschoolbususuallyleaves________7:30am.A．on;in B．in;at

D．a(chǎn)t;on4.—HowlonghaveyoubeeninGuilin?—________2012.A．Since B．During

C．For5.ChinaMobileexpectedthatthenumberof5GmobileconnectionsinChinawouldreach1.6billion________theyear2030.A．by B．from

C．until考點(diǎn)精講即學(xué)即練考點(diǎn)2方位介詞考點(diǎn)精講1.on,in,to和at介詞用法例句on表示兩地接壤、相鄰。GuangxiisonthewestofGuangdong.廣西位于廣東西邊。in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)。GuangxiliesinthesouthofChina.廣西位于中國(guó)的南部。表示“在某地”，后接較大的地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家，城市，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)等)。Myfamilyplanstohaveafive-daytripinAmerica.我們家計(jì)劃在美國(guó)進(jìn)行為期五天的旅行。介詞用法例句to表示在某一范圍外，且兩地不接壤。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中國(guó)東邊。表示“到；往(地點(diǎn)或方向)”?！疽谆毂嫖觥縯owards指方向時(shí)，意為“朝；向”，不含“到達(dá)某地”的意義。Judywalkedtotheschool.朱迪走去學(xué)校。Judywalkedtowardstheschool.朱迪朝著學(xué)校走去。(不確定是否到達(dá))at表示“在某地”，后接較小的地點(diǎn)(建筑物、街道等)。Wemetattheschoolgate.我們?cè)趯W(xué)校門口見面?！咀⒁狻縪n還表示“(東西)長(zhǎng)在樹上”，是樹本身所有；in表示“(外來的東西)在樹上”，不是樹本身所有。如：Hesawacat①____________thetree.他看到樹上有只貓。Heispickingoranges②____________thetree.他在摘樹上的橘子。in

on

2.by,beside和near介詞意義及用法例子by表示“在……旁邊；靠近”。Ilikesittingbytheriver.我喜歡坐在河邊。beside表示“在旁邊”，相當(dāng)于nextto。Thebookstoreisbesidethebank.書店在銀行旁邊。near表示“在……附近”，可表示空間、時(shí)間關(guān)系等。Isthereapostofficenearhere?這附近有郵局嗎？3.above,on,over,under和below【見主書P61】4.between與among【見主書P8】5.infrontof,inthefrontof和infront【見主書P12】6.across,over,through和past【見主書P12】7.其他常見的方位介詞圖解助記介詞及意義behind在……后面around在……周圍；環(huán)繞著opposite在……的對(duì)面即學(xué)即練1.Shoppingonlineissoconvenientthatitispopular________youngpeople.A．by B．between

C．a(chǎn)mong2.—Excuseme,whereistheSunshinePark?—Gostraightdownthisstreet.It’sjust________thebusstation.A．in B．beside

C．a(chǎn)bove3.Thereisasmallbridge________theriver.Becarefulwhenyouwalk________it.A．over;across B．under;through C．on;over4.—Howabouttakingahigh-speedtrain________Xi’anthissummerholiday?—Goodidea!Itisanancientcity________thenorthwestofChina.A．a(chǎn)t;to B．to;in

C．in;on5.(2024涼山州改編)—Didyouhavefunwatchingthevolleyballgame?—No.Atallmanstood________me.Icouldn’tseetheplayersatall.A．infront B．infrontof C．inthefrontof考點(diǎn)精講即學(xué)即練考點(diǎn)3方式介詞考點(diǎn)精講介詞用法例子on“on＋通訊設(shè)備/電子產(chǎn)品”，表示“通過……”。onthephone,ontheradioby(1)“by＋動(dòng)名詞/名詞”，表示“以……方式、方法、手段”。(2)“by＋交通工具”，表示“乘；坐”。byworkingwithagroup,byhand,bycar介詞用法例子with“with＋冠詞/形容詞性物主代詞＋具體的工具”，表示“用；借助于……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)用具體的工具做某事。Heiscuttingupthevegetableswithaknife.他正在用刀把蔬菜切碎。through“through＋媒介/方法”，表示“憑借；以……”。Youcanonlyachievesuccessthroughhardwork.你只有努力，方能成功。介詞用法例子in“in＋語言/方式”，表示“用……”。inEnglish,speakinalowvoice“in＋服飾/顏色”，表示穿著某種(顏色的)衣服。inuniform,agirlinred即學(xué)即練1.Wecouldn’tunderstandthembecausetheyweretalking________French.A．with B．on C．in2.—Howcouldthegirlcompletesuchagreatartworkonly________somesand?—Actually,shemadeitjust________practicingoverandoveragain.A．on;by B．in;with C．with;by3.—Who’stheboy________blackoverthere?—Heismyclassmate,Tim.Heisanoutgoingboy.A．in B．with

C．through4.Schoolsshouldencouragestudentstodevelopgoodworkinghabits________labor(勞動(dòng))education.A．through B．on

C．over考點(diǎn)精講即學(xué)即練考點(diǎn)4其他介詞考點(diǎn)精講1.for2.like3.as4.against5.from6.with7.without(2024.78)意為“沒有”，后接名詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或代詞。Fishcannotlivewithoutwater.魚離開水就不能生存。8.of(2023.49)意為“……的”。Heisafriendofmyfather’s.他是我爸爸的一個(gè)朋友。9.about意為“關(guān)于；有關(guān)”。Thefilmisaboutlove.這部電影是關(guān)于愛情的。10.including意為“包括……在內(nèi)”。Thenumberofforeignplayers,includingChineseplayers,intheNBAhasincreased.NBA中的外國(guó)球員數(shù)量有所增加，其中也包括中國(guó)球員。(RJ九全U6)11.except,besides,but和exceptfor【見主書P59】即學(xué)即練1.Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn’tkillthem________foodorclothes.A．like B．a(chǎn)bout

C．for2.Mr.Smithwasn’t________myplanalthoughhecameupwithanewidea.A．a(chǎn)gainst B．with

C．of3.—Whatdidyoudoyesterdaymorning?—Iwalked________myparentsinthepark.A．with B．a(chǎn)s

C．for4.—Lisa,youshouldn’thangout________tellingyourparents.They’llbeworried.—Sorry.I’llneverdothatagain.A．with B．without

C．except5.—It’seasytotravel________NanningtoChongqingbytakingthehigh-speedrailway.—Yes,itonlytakesaboutfivehours.A．for B．a(chǎn)bout

C．from6.—Doyouknowanything________bambooflutes(竹笛)?—Yes.Theyareusuallyseen__________asymbolofcountrylifeandfreedom.A．for;with B．of;like

C．a(chǎn)bout;as考點(diǎn)精講試題精練考點(diǎn)5介詞短語及固定搭配鏈接中考即學(xué)即練考點(diǎn)精講1.介詞與名詞的搭配介詞搭配atatpresent目前；現(xiàn)在attimes有時(shí)；偶爾attheageof在……歲時(shí)atthebeginningof在……開始attheendof在……結(jié)尾bybyaccident/chance偶然bymistake錯(cuò)誤地；無意中bytheway順便說一下介詞搭配ininahurry匆忙地inaword總而言之indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中infact事實(shí)上inone’sopinion在某人看來inperson親身；親自inpublic公開地insilence沉默地insurprise驚奇地intime及時(shí)inthefuture在將來ononbusiness出差onfoot走路；步行onholiday/vacation在度假onpurpose故意；有意地onsale降價(jià)出售ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)其他forexample例如fromtimetotime時(shí)常；有時(shí)toone’ssurprise使……驚訝的是withoutdoubt毫無疑問2.介詞與形容詞的搭配介詞搭配aboutbecrazyabout對(duì)……著迷/狂熱benervousabout對(duì)……感到緊張besureabout確信；對(duì)……有把握beworriedabout為……擔(dān)心atbemadat生……的氣begood/badat擅長(zhǎng)/不擅長(zhǎng)

besurprisedat對(duì)……感到驚訝forbegood/badfor對(duì)……有益/害befamous/knownfor以……聞名beresponsiblefor對(duì)……有責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)任besorryfor對(duì)……感到抱歉/難過介詞搭配frombeabsentfrom缺席……

bedifferentfrom與……不同inbeconfidentin對(duì)……有信心beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣betalentedin在某方面有天賦beweakin在某方面薄弱ofbeafraidof害怕；擔(dān)憂beboredof對(duì)……感到厭煩befondof喜歡befullof充滿……

beproudof為……而自豪tobeableto能夠befriendly/kindto對(duì)……友好beharmfulto對(duì)……有害(2024.46)

besimilarto與……相似beusedto習(xí)慣于……

beusefulto對(duì)……有幫助/有用處的介詞搭配withbeangrywith對(duì)……感到氣憤bebusywith忙于befamiliarwith熟悉……

befilledwith充滿……

bepopularwith受……歡迎bestrictwith對(duì)……要求嚴(yán)格3.其他常見介詞搭配aboveall首先；最重要的是

accordingto根據(jù)；按照

afterall畢竟allinall總的來說

alongwith連同；除……以外(還)asusual像往常一樣atfirst起初；起先atlast最后atleast至少at(the)most至多；不超過

atonce立刻，馬上

aswell也becauseof因?yàn)?；由?/p>

firstofall首先

fromthenon從那以后insteadof代替；反而

thanksto幸虧；由于

togetherwith連同；包括……在內(nèi)(更多介詞短語及固定搭配見《早讀材料》P87)即學(xué)即練1.Icalledhimbuthedidn’tanswer.SoIdecidedtotalktohim__________．A．insurprise B．indanger

C．inperson2.(2024東營(yíng)改編)Toomuchsugarcanbeharmful________yourhealth.Soeatlesssugar.A．for B．to

C．in3.Wecanrideabikeorwalk___________drivingtoprotecttheenvironment.A．becauseof B．insteadof

C．a(chǎn)ccordingto4.—Mom,I’mnervous________thetesttomorrow.—Takeiteasy.Aslongasyoutryyourbest,theresultwillnotbetoobad.A．a(chǎn)bout B．with

C．of鏈接中考介詞在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空和選詞填空中的應(yīng)用(單項(xiàng)選擇：5年1考，每年0～1道；完形填空：5年2考，每年0～1道；選詞填空：5年2考，每年0～1道)廣西中考主要從兩個(gè)角度考查介詞：(1)考查介詞的基本用法(如：“for＋時(shí)間段”)；(2)考查介詞短語及固定搭配。

(2020北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)Ⅰ卷33題單選)MycousinwasborninShenzhen,acity________thesouthofChina．A．in B．on

C．a(chǎn)t

D．to解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中介詞的用法以及常識(shí)(深圳在中國(guó)南部)可知，本題考查的是in表示“包含”的地理位置關(guān)系的用法。故選A。

(2023廣西49題完形節(jié)選)Bettyhaslearnedsignlanguage(手語)

49.

threeyears．(

)49.A．a(chǎn)fter B．of

C．for解析：根據(jù)“haslearned”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)中介詞的用法以及空后的“threeyears”可知，本題考查的是“for＋時(shí)間段”，表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間。故選C。(2020北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)Ⅱ卷49題完形節(jié)選)…Sincethatday,Ihavebecomemorepatientandwillingtotrynewthings.Everythinggoeswell…Throughit,Igottounderstandthatweneedmorethanjustexperiencetomasterajob.49，

weneedapositiveattitude(積極的態(tài)度)．(

)49.A．Afterthat B．Sofar

C．Aboveall

D．Atmost解析：根據(jù)上文“Ihavebecomemorepatient…”和“weneedmorethanjustexperience…”可知，最重要的是我們需要一個(gè)積極的態(tài)度，因此應(yīng)用Aboveall。故選C。celebrate

close

feeling

they

favorite

write

quietly

radio

because

without(2024廣西78題選詞填空節(jié)選)It’shardtoimagineaworld78.______music.Peopleoftenuseittocelebratebirthdays,festivalsandsoon．解析：根據(jù)“It’shardtoimagineaworld…music”和“Peopleoftenuseit…”可知，此處意為“很難想象一個(gè)沒有音樂的世界”。結(jié)合備選詞可知，without符合語境。故填without。試題精練一、單項(xiàng)選擇?？键c(diǎn)1.(2024自貢)Wecangotoschool_________biketomakeourcitygreener.A．by B．on

C．in2.Themoonlightgoes________thewindow.It’ssobeautiful.A．below B．a(chǎn)cross

C．through3.(2024河北改編)Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstart________tenminutes.A．by B．in

C．for4.—Couldyoupassmethebook________thedesk?—Noproblem.Hereyouare.A．on B．over

C．a(chǎn)bove5.________amonth-longwintervacation,manystudentsputonsomeweightwhentheyreturnedtoschool.A．After B．From

C．Before6.(2024云南改編)________theSpringFestival,lanternscanbeseenalmosteverywhereinmyhometown.A．Above B．Between

C．During易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)7.(2024綏化)—I’mthirsty.I’dlikeabottleofwater.Howaboutyou,Bob?—Ipreferacupofcoffee________nothinginit.A．without B．with

C．to8.—Ihaven’tseenJerry________alongtime.Wherehashegone?—He’sgonetoNanjing.He’llstaythere________nextweek.A．since;by B．for;until

C．from;before9.—Whydoyoulooksoexcited,Lily?—Mybestfriendwillarrive________ourcity________themorningofthisSaturday.A．in;in B．in;on

C．a(chǎn)t;on10.—Didyoustudyanyotherforeignlanguages_______