【知識精研】中考英語復(fù)習(xí)題型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)02-閱讀選擇課件

中考題型專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)02閱讀選擇命題分析

中考英語閱讀理解主要考査學(xué)生在閱讀過程中獲取和處理信息的能力以及對閱讀策略的掌握情況。閱讀理解共四篇，內(nèi)容涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、科技、生活等諸多領(lǐng)城;體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文以及各種應(yīng)用文。中考閱讀理解的題型主要包括細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。答題技巧技巧一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題試題呈現(xiàn)方式：1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(NOTtrue)?2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned(未提及)?3.Fromthefirst...paragraphweknowthat___4....includesthefollowingEXCEPT（除了）____答題技巧技巧一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題答題技巧：1.閱讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞；定位原文（定位句子在文章中的位置），2.分析原文及選項(xiàng)（配對選項(xiàng)與原文句子意思是否相符），得出答案。注意正確答案呈現(xiàn)方式(1)同義替換：對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換：如把die換成了loseone’slife。(2)語言簡化：把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化，設(shè)置為答案。(3)正話反說：把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。答題技巧干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)顛倒是非---與原文內(nèi)容相反（在原句加了not、hardly、never等詞）；正誤并存---與原文內(nèi)容一半相符，一半不同;敘述過于絕對化---選項(xiàng)中有絕對語氣詞的一般不是答案。如:every、must、never、themost、all、only、haveto、、no，等。但不是絕對，也有例外。無中生有---原文沒有提及；張冠李戴；偷梁換柱---注意選項(xiàng)中的副詞、形容詞等與原文是否一致。如:must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,all,never,few等存在程度不同，經(jīng)常被偷換，往往被忽視。技巧一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題試題演練ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.Eachtriplastedbetweentwoandfouryearsanditisbelievedhesailedmorethan50,000kilometersduringtheyearsofhistravels.ZhengHeledafleetwith28,000menandover300ships,suchasboatsforfood,waterandevensoldiers’horses.OnthesetripshebroughtwithhimmanyChinesegoodslikesilkandmedicinetogivetoforeignkingsortosellforlocalgoods.Hereturnedfromeachtripwithboatsfilledwithexpensivethingssuchasgoldandtreasures,foreignguestsandstrangeanimalslikeagiraffe.ItisapitythatwemayneverlearneverythingaboutZhengHe’stravels.TheColumbusoftheeast,ZhengHe,diedin1433.Afterthat,thenewking,hadthesetripsstoppedandheburnedalmostallthebooksaboutZhengHe’stravels,becausehebelievedthetripswereunluckyandtooexpensive.Itisonlyinthelast50yearsthathistorianshavebeguntocarefullystudytheadventuresofgreatZhengHe.1．WhydidZhuDiwantZhengHetosailtomanydifferentcountries?A．Tolearnmoreabouttheworld.B．TobringnewcountriesunderthecontrolofChina.C．Toshowothercountrieshispower.D．BothAandC．2．WhatdoweknowaboutZhengHefromthepassage?A．HetravelledtoIndiaandAfrica.B．Eachtriplastedsixyears.C．Whenhedied,hewas72yearsold.D．Hewasagreatking.試題演練ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.1．WhydidZhuDiwantZhengHetosailtomanydifferentcountries?A．Tolearnmoreabouttheworld.B．TobringnewcountriesunderthecontrolofChina.C．Toshowothercountrieshispower.D．BothAandC．無中生有細(xì)節(jié)理解題√ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.Eachtriplastedbetweentwoandfouryearsanditisbelievedhesailedmorethan50,000kilometersduringtheyearsofhistravels.ZhengHeledafleetwith28,000menandover300ships,suchasboatsforfood,waterandevensoldiers’horses.OnthesetripshebroughtwithhimmanyChinesegoodslikesilkandmedicinetogivetoforeignkingsortosellforlocalgoods.Hereturnedfromeachtripwithboatsfilledwithexpensivethingssuchasgoldandtreasures,foreignguestsandstrangeanimalslikeagiraffe.ItisapitythatwemayneverlearneverythingaboutZhengHe’stravels.TheColumbusoftheeast,ZhengHe,diedin1433.Afterthat,thenewking,hadthesetripsstoppedandheburnedalmostallthebooksaboutZhengHe’stravels,becausehebelievedthetripswereunluckyandtooexpensive.Itisonlyinthelast50yearsthathistorianshavebeguntocarefullystudytheadventuresofgreatZhengHe.2．WhatdoweknowaboutZhengHefromthepassage?A．HewentonatriptoIndiaandAfrica.B．Eachtriplastedsixyears.C．Whenhedied,hewas72yearsold.D．Hewasagreatking.travelto=goonatripto...同義詞替換細(xì)節(jié)理解題√×1433-1371=62××答題技巧技巧二：推理判斷題試題呈現(xiàn)方式：1.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage/thelastparagraph?2.WhatcanweknowaboutKishfromthepassage?3.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputintotheblank“

★”?4.What'sthewriter'sopinionaboutgenesandenvironment?5.What'sthepurposeofthepassage?6.Wheremaythepassagecomefrom?7.Whowouldtheauthorwritethepassagemainlyfor?答題技巧技巧二：推理判斷題

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，包括細(xì)節(jié)隱含意義、語義邏輯、作者態(tài)度、作者意圖、文章出處、讀者身份等的推斷，切忌脫離原文僅憑個(gè)人的主觀看法而主觀臆斷。答題技巧：1.不要試圖在原文中直接尋找答案；2.抓住特定關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行推理；3.根據(jù)主旨大意進(jìn)行歸納、推理、判斷；4.運(yùn)用已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷或常識進(jìn)行推理判斷。注意干擾選項(xiàng)：1.推理過度的片面結(jié)論；2.與文中內(nèi)容不符或完全相反的結(jié)論(半真半假)；3.符合常識，但文章中沒有信息支持。試題演練22-year-oldZhouGuanyuisdrivingintotherecordbooksbybecomingthefirstChinesedriverinF1history.AlfaRomeoRacingOrlensaidthatZhoujoinedtheteamasaracedriverforthe2022season.Zhoustartedracingattheageof8whenhejoinedinkart(卡丁車)races.HemovedtotheUKlaterforabetterracingenvironment.HewasamemberoftheFerrariDriverAcademyfrom2015to2018.“BecominganF1driverhasalwaysbeenmydream,andI’msogladthatithascometrueatlast.Iwanttothankallmyfans.Thankyouforfollowingmyracesandsupporting(支持)me,”Zhousaid.“I’mlookingforwardtotheopeningraceofthenextFlseason.Iwillkeepworking.AndIwilllearnfrommyfriend,ValtteriBottas.Ihopeyoucanalwayssupportmeandfollowmyfirstseason.”FredericVasseur,TeammanageratAlfaRomeoRacingOrlen,isconfidentinZhou’sfutureinF1.He

hopesthathavingZhouasamemberwillhelpattractmoreChinesefanstofollowtheteam.“ZhouGuanyuisaveryexcellentdriver.WearelookingforwardtohelpinghistalentdevelopevenmoreinF1,”saidVasseur.1．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．People. B．Science. C．Travel. D．Health.本文主要介紹了賽車手周冠宇，故在報(bào)紙的“人物”版塊上能看到此文章。故選A。推斷題Thereare24solarterms(節(jié)氣)inChina.Twoofthemhavetodowithrain,RainWaterandGrainRain.RainWaterthisyearisonFeb19th.Fromitsname,wecanguessitmeansatimeofmorerain.Soyoumayneedtobringanumbrellawhenyougoout,oryoumaygetwet.AfterRainWater,theweathergetswarmer,thetreeandgrassturngreen.Butwe’dbetterkeepwarmandnottakeoffthethickcoatstooearly.GrainRainisonApril19thin2024.ThissolartermiscalledGrainRainbecauserainhelpsthegraingrowfasterandstronger.Itbringsfarmershopeforagoodyear,thefarmersalwayssay,“

★”Peoplealsohavespecialactivitiesatthistime.InNorthChina,peoplehavethetraditiontoeattoonawitheggs.ThedishmadeinthetimeofGrainRaintastesdeliciousandisgoodforthestomachandskin.InSouthChina,peopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.SpringteaduringGrainRainisgoodfortheeyes.Itisalsosaiddrinkingteaonthisdaywouldkeepawayfrombadluck.2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputintotheblank“

★”?A．Runningwaternevergetsbad. B．Lifeisassweetashoney.C．Springrainisaspreciousasoil.D．Wintersnowisaspreciousasjade.根據(jù)上文“GrainRainisonApril19thin2024.ThissolartermiscalledGrainRainbecauserainhelpsthegraingrowfasterandstronger.Itbringsfarmershopeforagoodyear,thefarmersalwayssay”可知，此處與雨水可以幫助谷物長得更快更強(qiáng)壯有關(guān)，所以C項(xiàng)“春雨貴如油?！狈?。故選C試題演練推斷題答題技巧技巧三：詞義猜測題試題呈現(xiàn)方式：1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”(inParagraphX)mean?2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it/they/that/others”

inParagraphXreferto?3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence(inParagraphX)mean？答題技巧

根據(jù)上下文(語境)猜測詞義。任何一個(gè)實(shí)詞，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一個(gè)確定的詞義。據(jù)此，我們可以盡可能地利用上下文來猜測詞義，即從已知推求未知，也就是用我們所熟悉的詞或短語來猜測我們不熟悉的詞的詞義。1.根據(jù)反義關(guān)系猜詞2.根據(jù)同義關(guān)系猜詞3.根據(jù)定義或釋義猜詞4.根據(jù)例舉猜詞although,but,howeverandforexample,suchas…5.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜詞so,because…6.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來猜詞thatis…,定語從句技巧三：詞義猜測題答題技巧：否定前綴或后綴，詞根等等試題演練Beforemyfirstskydiving(跳傘),Iwasalittleafraid.Butmyclassmatespersuaded(說服)metodoit.Luckily,Ihadthechancetodoitwiththem.Itwasfuntojumptogether.Itwasanicesunnydaywhenwewenttoskydive.Wetooka6-hourcourseandwerereadytosubdue(征服)thesky.Unluckily,theweatherchanged.Itbegantorain.Wehadtowaituntilthenextweekend.Wewerereallyexcited.However,whenthenextweekendcame,wefinallydidit.Wow,itwasexciting!Icouldn’texpressallthefeelingsoffreeflight.Iwashappy,frightened,excited,andsatisfied.Allofthesefeelingshappenedatthesametime.IcouldseetheearthbelowmeasIflewlikeabirdwithmyparachute.Thelastcoupleofseconds,IrealizedIcouldnotlandthegroundbecauserightundermetherewasatree!Ididn’thavetimetothinkaboutit.Ilandedinthetree,butitwasasmoothlanding.Igotalotofhelpfrommyclassmates.Ihaveneverforgottenthisspecialexperience.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parachute”meaninChinese?A．飲料

B．降落傘

C．?dāng)?shù)碼相機(jī)

D．飛行器根據(jù)第3段“IcouldseetheearthbelowmeasIflewlikeabirdwithmyparachute.”可知，我像鳥一樣飛是帶著降落傘的。故選B。詞義猜測題試題演練猜測題InSingapore,manymiddleschoolstudentsspendalotoftimeonstudy.Goodeducationisoftenlikeatickettosuccessintheirfuture.Asaresult,manyofthesestudentstrytheirbesttogetagoodscoreintheirexams.Theyhavealotofhomeworkeveryday.Butstudentsareespeciallyafraidofexams,they

areabigheadacheforthem.Sometimessomeofthemareevenmadetogotoremedialclassesafterschool.Therearealsoseveralprogrammesmadebyschoolduringoutsideschoolhours.Thestudentscantakepartinsportsandgames,musicanddance,hikingandrock-climbing,andsoon.Theyarealsoveryactiveincommunityservice.Intheirsparetime,moststudentsliketolistentopopmusic.Hollywoodblockbusters,HongKongandSingaporemoviesareverypopularamongthem.TheyunderstandITverywell.SomeofthemalsospendtheirfreetimesurfingtheInternet,e-mailingtheirfriends,playingcomputerandvideogames.Theysometimesgotocafes,fast-foodrestaurants,shoppingcentersandbigbookstores.SoitseemsthelifeasamiddleschoolstudentinSingaporeisnoteasybutrichandcolorful.Inparagraph2,theunderlinedword“they”referto_________.A.examB.classesC.students D.activities根據(jù)“Asaresult,manyofthesestudentstrytheirbesttogetagoodscoreintheirexams.Theyhavealotofhomeworkeveryday.Butstudentsareespeciallyafraidofexams,theyareabigheadacheforthem.”可知，在第二段中，帶下劃線的單詞“they”指的是考試。故選A。答題技巧技巧四：主旨大意題試題呈現(xiàn)方式：1.WhatisthemainideaofParagraphX?2.What'sthemainideaofthepassageX?3.WhatdoesParagraphXmainlytalkabout?4.WhatisthepassageXmainlyabout?5.What/Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?答題技巧1.主題句位于段首:主題句位于段首是由作者先立論,后擺事實(shí)講道理的寫作形式。這種段落稱作演繹型段落。2.主題句位于段末:主題句位于段末是作者采用了先擺事實(shí),后做結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落3.無主題句:可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意思往往都是圍繞一個(gè)中心來展開的,或者說是來說明一個(gè)問題的。這個(gè)中心或這個(gè)問題就是這篇文章的主題或中心意思。技巧四：主旨大意題答題技巧：看內(nèi)容看高頻詞（≧50%原則）答題技巧錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：

1.以偏概全。只是局部信息或者是一句沒有展開論述的話。2.過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太寬泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)3.把自己觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加于作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識對文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。4.無關(guān)信息。即在文章中沒有提到或者是找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。技巧四：主旨大意題試題演練ZhengHewasanamazingman.Hewasbornin1371.Elevenyearslater,hewascaughtbythearmyofarichyoungmancalledZhuDiandmadetoworkforhim.OvertimetherichmansawthatZhengHewasverycleverandstrongandtheybecameclosefriends.In1403ZhuDiwasmadetheKingofChinaandheaskedZhengHetojoinhisgovernment.TheKingwantedtolearnmoreabouttheworldandshowothercountrieshispower.HeorderedmanynewshipstobebuiltandmadeZhengHetheirleaderbetween1405and1433.ZhengHeledsevenseatripstodifferentpartsoftheworld.HecertainlytravelledtoIndia,AfricaandtheMiddleEast.AfewpeoplethinkhisshipshaveevenreachedSouthAmericaandAustralia.Eachtriplastedbetweentwoandfouryearsanditisbelievedhesailedmorethan50,000kilometersduringtheyearsofhistravels.ZhengHeledafleetwith28,000menandover300ships,suchasboatsforfood,waterandevensoldiers’horses.OnthesetripshebroughtwithhimmanyChinesegoodslikesilkandmedicinetogivetoforeignkingsortosellforlocalgoods.Hereturnedfromeachtripwithboatsfilledwithexpensivethingssuchasgoldandtreasures,foreignguestsandstrangeanimalslikeagiraffe.ItisapitythatwemayneverlearneverythingaboutZhengHe’stravels.TheColumbusoftheeast,ZhengHe,diedin1433.Afterthat,thenewking,hadthesetripsstoppedandheburnedalmostallthebooksaboutZhengHe’stravels,becausehebelievedthetripswereunluckyandtooexpensive.Itisonlyinthelast50yearsthathistorianshavebeguntocarefullystudytheadventuresofgreatZhengHe.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．TheKing’sSevenSeaTripsB．ZhengHe’sTravelstoWesternCountriesC．ZhengHe,theColumbusoftheEastD．ZhuDi,theGreatKing本文主要講述了鄭和的故事，重點(diǎn)講了他到世界各地的航行，沒有具體的主題句，高頻詞是ZhengHe。C選項(xiàng)“鄭和，東方的哥倫布”符合。故選C。試題演練DidyouknowthateachdayonepersonintheUSthrowsaway4.4poundsofrubbish?Almosteverymonth,wethrowawayourownrubbishinpackagingalone.Packaging(includingboxes,bags,etc)comestoourhomeswiththethingswehavebought.Severalweeksago,theTVnewssaidthatinacityinItalytonsofrubbishwerepiledupinthestreets,andthesmellwasratherterrible.Whatcanwedotohelp?WeshouldgettoknowthefollowingRs.ReduceToreducemeanstomakelessrubbish.Thatisoneofthefirstthingsweallshoulddofortheenvironment.Reduceyourrubbishbydoingthingslikepackingyourlunchinreusablecontainers(可在利用的容器),takingsmallerpotions(份)atdinnersoyoudon’twastefoodwhenyouhavehadenough,writingonbothsidesofpaper,andusinglesswaterwhentakingashower.ReuseToreuseistousethingsagain.Thinkaboutthebagsyougetfromthestore.Theycanbereusedtocarryyourlunch,toholdyourrubbish,ortocollectusedcans.Youcaneventakethembacktothestorethenexttimetocarryyourthingsinsteadofgettinganewbag!

Recycle(回收利用)Recyclingisanimportantpartofkeepingourplanetcleanandgreen.Itcanalsosaveenergy.Besurethatyoudon’tthrowthingsintherubbishthatcanberecycledtomakesomethingelse.Paper,plastic,cansandbottlescanallberecycled,butfood,electricalwasteandmobilephonescan’t.Whenyouarenotsurewhethersomethingcanberecycled,gotoyourparentsandteachersforadvice.

FollowthethreeRs,andeveryoneofuscandosomethingtosavetheearth.Itisalsothebestwaytosaveourselves.Thepassagemainlytellusthat________.A．a(chǎn)lluselessthingscanberecycledB．theenvironmentisgreatlyimprovingC．thethreeRscanhelpuscleantheearthD．weshouldneverthrowanyrubbishaway根據(jù)最后一段可知，我們每個(gè)人都可以做一些事情來拯救地球，這也是拯救地球最好的方法，thethreeRs可以幫助我們清潔地球，故選C。答題技巧技巧五：文章結(jié)構(gòu)題試題呈現(xiàn)方式：1.Whichofthefollowingbestshowthestructureofthepassage?2.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe____.答題技巧技巧五：文章結(jié)構(gòu)題文章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要考查學(xué)生對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的理解常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：總分；分總；總分總。解題技巧：由小到大；由段到篇1.找出每段的中心句，了解段落大意2.將相同段落放在一起，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)劃分①Wecanseecircles,squaresandtriangles(三角形)everywhereinourdailylife.Haveyouthoughtabouttheirmeaningsinfilms?Muchlikecolors,differentshapescanshowdifferentfeaturesofcharactersinthescenes.②Circlesrepresent(代表)thingsthataresoftandnatural.Theroundshaperemindsusofthingsthatappearinnature,likethesun,flowers,raindropsandsoon.Wecanalsoconnectcircleswithbeautifuleyes,babies’roundfaces…Allthesethingsmakeusfeelhappyandwarm.Thisiswhysomanycartooncharacters’bodies—heroes,kids,goodpeople—areroundinshape,becausecirclesrepresentgoodness,happinessandfriendliness.③Squaresshowthingsthatareunnaturalorman-made,orthingsthatareboringorold-fashioned.InUp,Carl,anelderlyman,hasasquarefaceandwearssquareglasses,whileRussell,an8-year-oldboywitharoundface,alwayswearsroundmedals.Theseshapesshowthecharacters’personalities.Carlisstubborn(執(zhí)拗的)andlonely,whileRussellislovelyandfullofenergy.④Theangriestshapeisthetriangle.Everykidwhodrawsamonsterwithsharpteethdrawsarowoftriangles,don’tthey?That’sbecausetheshaperepresentsfear,distrustanddoubtinsomeway.Lookatthebadguysincartoons—theyarealldrawnwithplentyofpointsandtriangles,likeShengongbaoinNeZha.Andtrianglesarestable(穩(wěn)固的)anddon’teasilyfalldown.Infilms,thisfeaturemakesbadpeopledifficulttodealwith.⑤Notonlyincartoons,butalsoinotherkindsoffilms,diffe