2024年考研英語（一）真題及解析【版本一】

2024年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10poinThere'snothingmorewelcomingthanadooropeningforyou.theneedtobetoopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin2disabledprovidegeneral3tocommercialbuildings.years4byAmericansDeeHortonandLewHewitl.They5theirusehasgrown,their6haveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvancParticularly7inbusylocationsorduringtimesmanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesputin9makingaccessbothinandoutomanyofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotalarea10bythem.Aubuildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavinsticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomsignalstotellthemwhentoopen.14Eachautomaticdoorsystem16theligsignaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento118abusystreetmpassers-by.Apressuresensitivematwouldbemore20tolimitthe9.[A]Aswellas[B]IntermsoftReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbelowMarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40poNearly2000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutofScurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethings.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin1960inafour-metre-deeppitcWhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnails?Thelikelyexplanationisthatthewwasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledoniansgettinggradeiron.TheRomansburiedthenailssodeepthattheywouldnotbeLatercivilisationswouldvaluethesrawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdelightcenturyVirginianswouldsometimesbumdowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whTheideathatonemightbumdownanentirehousejusttoreclacostlyandvaluablethesimple-seemingtechThepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenthelateSichelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSichel,althoughthefallingpricdrivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanuNailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSichelstudiedthembecausetheyhaven'tchangedmuch.RomanlampsandRomanchariotsaomannailsarestillclearlynails.ItwouldbeabsurdtofImakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureoftheseamaneconomist,afterall.AfterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofleantisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysophisticatedtechnTheGutenbergprintingpresstransfomedcivilisationnscost-anditwouldhaveachievedlittlfsurfacestowriteon,thankstoanoften-overlookedtechnologycalledpaper.Solarpnicheusesuntiltheybecamecheap;nowtheyaret21.TheRomansburiedthenailsprobablyforthesakeof22.Theexampleofearly17th-centuryV[A]highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmer[B]illustratethehighstatusofblacksmithsinthatperiod[C]contrasttheattitudesofdifferentcivilisationstowardnails[D]showthepreciousnessofnail-makingte23.Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthepriceo[D]Reducedcostofra24.ItcanbeleanedfromPara[A]haveundergonemanytechnologicalimp[D]areoneoftheworld's25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesth[A]Cheaptechnologiesbringaboutrevolutionarycha[B]Technologicalinn[C]Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingoftheworld.[D]SophisticatedtecParentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytocontentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbaastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadultsasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungeronesand"bAccordingtoDrNikhilChaudhary,anevolutionarythesepractices,Knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforchildreDrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoiintowesternlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementakintoalloparentingcouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschounsupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercommunities.InapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,researcherssaidthewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichfamilybrokewithevoluthistory.Thisabruptshifttoan"intensiveshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslikmaternalexhaustionandhavedangerhunter-gatherersocietiesadultsotherthantheparentsfofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfépeopleoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.ItfoundthatiweeksoldandwerepassedbChaudharysaidthatparentsnowhadlesschildcaresuppthanduringmostofhumans'evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmaternaldepression,whichwellbeing.Aninfantbomtoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantenccontrastsstarklytonurserysettingsichildrenagedtwototWhilehunter-gathererchildrenleantfromobservationplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwestern"instmaycontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivBritainshouldexplorethepossibilitythatoldersitheirownsocialdevelopmen26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraph,alloparentingreferstotheprac[A]sharingchildcareamongco[B]assigningbabiestospecific[C]teachingparentingde[D]carryinginfants27.TheschemeinGermanyis[A]anattempttofacilitateinterg[B]anapproachtointegr[C]theconventionalparentingsty[D]thedifferencesbetween[C]resultsinthech[D]departsfromthe29.Accordingtoparagraph6,whatcanwe[C]Theyoughttoimprovetheircarer-to-ch[D]Theyshouldtrytopreventparentaldepres30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbetheb[A]Instructiveteaching:adilemmaforanxiousC]Mix-agedplaygroup,ab[D]Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoRutkowskiisaPolishdigitallandscapes.HehasmadeillustrationsforgamessuchasUbisoft'sAnno,Dungeons&Dragons,andMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbecomeasuddenhinthenewworldoftext-to-imageAIgeneratiHisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemoAIartgeneratorStableDiffusion,whichwaslaunchedlatelastmonth.Thepopularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanyonetprompts.Forexample,typein"WizardwithswordandaglowingortbofmagidragonGregRutkowski,"andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlawayfromworksinRutkoButtheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheInternpermissionandproperattributiontoartistAccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionimbyStableDiffusion,Rutkowski'snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Someoftheworld'smostfamousartists,suchasMichelangelo,PabloPicasso,andbroughtuparound2,000prompthousandsoftimesintheDiscordofanothertext-to-imagegenerator,Midjourney.Rutkowskiwasinitiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmightbeagoodwaytoreachnewausearchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonhadbeenpublished.Thbroughtbackworkthathadhisnameattachedtoitbutw"It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinaytherebecause[theinternet]willbefloodedwithAI“Thereisacoalitiongrowingwithinartistindustriestofigthis,"saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilization,whichconewpoliciesorregulation.OnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetraipublicdomain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepar31.WhatcanbeleamedaboutRutkowskifromthe[B]HeispopularwiththeusersofanAIartgenerator.[C]Heattractsadmiration32.Theproblemwithop[A]lackflexibilityinrespond[B]produceartworksinunpre[C]makeunauthorizedus[D]collectuserinformationwithoutcon[C]AI-generatedworkbearinghisn[D]heateddisputesregardinghisco34.AccordingtoOrtiz,AIcompA]campaignfornewpoliciesorregulations[B]offertheirservice[C]strengthentheirrelationshipswithAIuse35.Whatisthetextmainlya[A]Artists'responsestoAlartgener[B]AI'sexpandedrolein[D]OpposingviewsonAIdeThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdepths,butinthecomplexitconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaterandthemixoflandandprovidehomesforhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutantsfromwater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotentiallydestructivestoAllthiswasputatgreatrisklatelastmonth,whentheUSSupremeanIdahocasethatprovidestheSpecifically,a54majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedbytheEPAunderitCleaauthoritymusthavea"continuoussurfaceconnection"tobodiesregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,matoddswithenvironmentalrules.AnditcarriefloodcontrolthroughouttheUS,"asJInMaryland,thegoodnewsisthattherprotections.Butthat'saveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomeTherealityisthatwaterandthepollutantsthatboundaries.TheChesapeakedrawsfroma64000-square-milewatershedthatextendsPennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniedunderSackettV.EPA?Perhapssome,butItistooeasy,andmisleading,toselandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesodirefortheirneighbors.AnditEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBtranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboringstatefarmers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyear'sMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospreadanimalwasteontheirfields,yetthenearbycreekscanhaveenormousimpactsdownstrreviewingtheirownwetlandsprotectionsWecan'tofferthematriptotheChesapeakperhapsavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinDobaldeaglesflyovertidalmwithaquaticlife.It'[D]aheadacheforne37.TheU.S.SupremeCourt'sruling[A]reinforceswaterpollutionB]weakenstheEPA'sregulatorypower39.Whatcanbeinferre[A]Ithasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictions.[B]Ithastriggeredaradica[D]Ithasensuredthecoordina40.Theauthorholdsthatthestatelaw[A]becautiousabouttheinfluenceoflandowners[B]attachdueimportancetowetlandsprot[D]improvethewellbeingofendangeredspeciReadthefollowingcommentsonareportaboutAmericanmuseumsreturningacountriesoforiginandalistofstatementssummarizingthecomments.ChoosethebefromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedname(41—45).Therearenotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Simply,therearepeopleinNigeriawhocannottraveltoththatpartoftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.TheseshouldtothemaspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnationalgoodreasonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalorinspirationofthegenerationstowhichtheywereltheUnitedStatesorelsewhereexceptascuriousobjects.Theycaproducedforsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurchase.Weknowveryexactreproductionsofartworkcanbeandareregularlymuseumsandgovernmentsmightexploresomerolefortheumeansofresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquitieexhibitismoreimportanttomethanwhethertheobjectmonthsold.Inmanycasestheexpertshaveandwhatisaforgery.Again,thestoryanexhibitistryivalueoftheobjectsondisplayisadistWhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent15th-centuChinesesculpture.Itinspiredmetoleammoreabouttheculmuseumshavethepowertoinspire,andperhapssparkthatneednatureoftheircreators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatmuseumsshould,infact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedbytreaty.Stealingartifactsfromotherpeoples'culturesisobsphysicalobjects,butthedignityandspiriAncientartthatisdisplacedinforeigncountTothoseofyouinthecommentssection,byallmeans,whoarartifactsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheUSandBritain,Iwouldaskyoutoco[A]Itisclearthatcountriesoforiginhaveneverbeen[B]Itisaflawedlineofreasoningtoargueagains[D]Reproductions,evenifperfectlymade,cannottaketheplaceoftheauthenticobjects.[E]Therealvalueofartifactscanonlyberecognizedintheircountriesoforiginr[G]ConcernoversecurityisnoexcuReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentstranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10"Elephantsneverforget"—orsotheysay—andthatTheAfricansavannaelephantalsoknownastheAfricanbushel37Africancountries.(46)Theysareverygoodatworkingouttrackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirdistanceofroughlythirtymilewaterhole.(47)TheresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowprectheyareinrelationtoalltheresourcesthAlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforlong-distancenavigationarenotyetunderstood,smellmaywellplayaElephantsareverychoosyeaters,bututheirfood.(48)Onepossibilitywasthattheymerelyusedtheireyesandtriedofound,butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeandenergy,notleastbecauseteyesightisactuallynot(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedcharacteristic:Eachplantortreehadetectedevenwhentheyarfactoringuidingelephants—andprobablyotherherbivores—tothebestfoodreTheresearchersfirstestablishedwhatkindsofplanttheelephantspreferredeelephantsaseriesofchoicesbasedonlyonsmell.(50)Theexpentifypatchesoftreesthataregoodtoefthetreeswithineachpatch.Free-rangingelephantspresumablyalsousethis(46)它們有時跋涉六十多英里尋找食物或水，并且非常善于尋找其他大象的位置—即使它們不在視線范圍內(nèi)。(47)研究人員相信，大象總是知道它們相對于所有所需資源的準確位置，因此可以走捷徑，并遵循熟悉的路線。(48)有一種可能性是，大象只是利用視覺并嘗試他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的植物，但這可能會浪費大量的時間和精力，特別是因為它們視力實際上不是很好。(49)植物產(chǎn)生的易揮發(fā)的化學物質(zhì)可以被攜帶很長距離，而且它們是特異性的：每一種植物或樹都有自己獨特的氣味。(50)實驗表明，大象可以很好地利用嗅覺來識別適合食用的樹叢，并評估每一片樹叢中樹木的品質(zhì)。surehowtoprepareforit.Coul