新概念英語第二冊外刊精讀和閱讀練習

Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.當我們進入一個機器人無處不在的世界時，人類似乎變得和機器一樣機械化了。Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.Risingobesityrates,foodpovertyandconcernsabouttheseeminglyunstoppableriseofultra-processedandjunkfoodmeanBritisheatinghabitsarealongstandingsourceofwidespreadconcern.Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.Meatanddairyarethemostcarbon-intensivefoodsbyfar.Mostofusshouldeatlessofthem.Butthemessagingaroundthiscontinuestobepoor.ultra-processed

超加工的carbon-intensive

高碳行業(yè)dairy

/?deri/n.乳制品Eversince

redandprocessedmeatwaslinkedtoanincreasedriskofcancer

adecadeago,peoplehavebeenadvisedtolimittheirdailyconsumptionofthesetoamaximumof70g.Butwhilethe“fiveaday”fruitandvegetablescampaignturns21thisyear,andwarningsaboutexcesssugarabound,other

governmentguidelines

onfoodremainvague.Whiletheyspecifytwoweeklyportionsoffish,oneofwhichshouldbeoily,aboutmeattheysayonly“eatsome”.Therearenorecommendationsastohowmuchwhitemeatshould

beconsumed.vague

/ve?ɡ/adj.不明確的，不清楚的oily

/???li/adj.含油的The

nationalfoodstrategy,commissionedbyministersin2021,warnedthatasignificantsectionofthepublicfeelstronglyaboutmeat-basedmeals.Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.Forthisreason,thestrategy

rejectedtheideaofameattax

asameansofincentivisinglower-carbondiets,onthegroundsofitslikelyunpopularity.Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.In2022,peopleintheUK

atelessmeatathome

thanatanytimesincerecordsbeganinthe1970s–and14%lessthanin2012.Partofthisdeclineisduetocostoflivingpressures,andproofofthedifficultiesthathouseholdsfaceinaffordingfoodbills.Butthisisnotthewholestory,sincericherhouseholdshavecutbackaswellaspoorerones,and

veganismhasgainedinpopularity.banger

/?b???r/n.香腸veganism

/'ved??niz?m/n.純素食主義Nevertheless,theideaofaproteintransitionhasnotcaughtoninthewaythattheenergytransitionhas,anditneedstobetalkedaboutiftargetsaretobereached.Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmlandisusedtograzeanimalsorproducecropstofeedthem,andthisactivityisresponsiblefor

12%to20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.SomeexpertsareconcernedaboutthelackoffocusonmeatintheUN’sclimateplans.graze

/ɡre?z/v.放牧isresponsiblefor

是造成……原因IntheUK,theClimateChangeCommittee,whichadvisesthegovernmentonpoliciestomeetnetzero,hasproposeda35%reductioninmeatperpersonby2050.Thenationalfoodstrategyrecommendeda30%reductionover10years.Buthavingcommissionedthereview,BorisJohnsondisregardedit–andalsopostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising

netzero

凈零排放disregard

/?d?sr??ɡɑ?rd/v.忽視，輕視，postpone

/po??spo?n/v.推遲，延緩長難句分析：Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.解析：這個句子使用了比較結(jié)構(gòu)“as...as...”，意為“和...一樣”，表達了當機器人無處不在時，人類的行為和機器一樣機械化。Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.解析：這個句子的主語是“thepublicationofamajorstudy”，“l(fā)inking...to...”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾“study”，說明這項研究將習慣性食用加工肉和紅肉與2型糖尿病的高風險聯(lián)系起來，這是我們深思飲食選擇的一個重要原因。Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.解析：這個句子簡單明了，指出許多人認識到改變飲食習慣有環(huán)境方面的原因。Whiletheyspecifytwoweeklyportionsoffish,oneofwhichshouldbeoily,aboutmeattheysayonly“eatsome”.解析：這個句子使用了“while”引導的對比結(jié)構(gòu)，說明政府對魚類的攝入有具體建議，但對肉類的攝入建議則含糊不清。Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.解析：這個句子中，“Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，說明研究的基礎(chǔ)是焦點小組的研究，作者們觀察到某些食物在文化上具有神圣地位。Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.解析：這個句子使用了“allthesame”表示盡管有上述情況，但肉類消費量仍然下降了。Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmlandisusedtograzeanimalsorproducecropstofeedthem,andthisactivityisresponsiblefor12%to20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.解析：這個句子中，“Three-quartersoftheworld’sfarmland”是主語，“isusedto”后面跟了兩個目的狀語，說明全球四分之三的農(nóng)田用于飼養(yǎng)動物或種植飼料作物，這些活動占全球溫室氣體排放的12%到20%。閱讀理解：Whenweenvisionaworldwhererobotssurrounduseverywhere,humansseemtohavebecomeasmechanicalasthemachinesthemselves.Thepublicationofamajorstudylinkinghabitualeatingofprocessedandredmeattoagreaterriskoftype2diabetesisthelatestverygoodreasontothinkhardaboutwhatweconsume.Risingobesityrates,foodpovertyandconcernsabouttheseeminglyunstoppableriseofultra-processedandjunkfoodmeanBritisheatinghabitsarealongstandingsourceofwidespreadconcern.Manypeoplealsorecognisethatthereareenvironmentalreasonstochangetheirdiets.Meatanddairyarethemostcarbon-intensivefoodsbyfar.Mostofusshouldeatlessofthem.Butthemessagingaroundthiscontinuestobepoor.1.WhatisthemainconcernregardingBritisheatinghabits?A.Theriseofultra-processedfoods.B.Thepopularityofvegandiets.C.Thedecreaseinredmeatconsumption.D.Theincreaseindairyproductconsumption.2.Whatistherecommendeddailyconsumptionofredandprocessedmeat?A.Lessthan50g.B.Exactly70g.C.Upto70g.D.Morethan100g.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasareasonforthedeclineinmeatconsumptionintheUK?A.Healthconcerns.B.Costoflivingpressures.C.Culturalpreferences.D.Risingpopularityofveganism.4.WhatpercentagereductioninmeatconsumptionperpersonhastheClimateChangeCommitteeproposedby2050?A.20%.B.30%.C.35%.D.50%.5.WhatwasBorisJohnson'sresponsetothenationalfoodstrategy?A.Heimplementedtherecommendationsimmediately.B.Hedisregardedthereviewandpostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising.C.Heproposedanevenmoreambitiousreductiontarget.D.Hefocusedonpromotingthe"fiveaday"campaign.參考答案：1.A.Theriseofultra-processedfoods.解析：短文中提到了對超加工和垃圾食品不斷上升的擔憂，這是英國飲食習慣中長期存在的問題。2.C.Upto70g.解析：短文中明確提到了自從紅肉和加工肉與增加患癌癥風險聯(lián)系起來后，人們被建議將每天的攝入量限制在最多70克。3.C.Culturalpreferences.解析：短文中提到了由于生活成本壓力、家庭在支付食品賬單上的困難以及素食主義的流行導致肉類消費量的下降，但沒有提到文化偏好作為下降的原因。4.C.35%.解析：英國氣候變化委員會建議到2050年每人肉類消費量減少35%。5.B.Hedisregardedthereviewandpostponedrestrictionsonjunkfoodadvertising.解析：短文最后提到，盡管鮑里斯·約翰遜委托進行了審查，但他忽視了審查結(jié)果，并且推遲了對垃圾食品廣告的限制。閱讀理解練習2：Thenationalfoodstrategy,commissionedbyministersin2021,warnedthatasignificantsectionofthepublicfeelstronglyaboutmeat-basedmeals.Drawingonresearchwithafocusgroup,itsauthorsobservedthatthereis“somethingculturallysacred”aboutstaplessuchasaplateofbangersandtheSundayroast.Forthisreason,thestrategyrejectedtheideaofameattaxasameansofincentivisinglower-carbondiets,onthegroundsofitslikelyunpopularity.Butmeat-eatinghasgonedownallthesame.In2022,peopleintheUKatelessmeatathomethanatanytimesincerecordsbeganinthe1970s–and14%lessthanin2012.Partofthisdeclineisduetocostoflivingpressures,andproofofthedifficultiesthathouseholdsfaceinaffordingfoodbills.Butthisisnotthewholestory,sincericherhouseholdshavecutbackaswellaspoorerones,andveganismhasgainedinpopularity.1.Theauthorsofthenationalfoodstrategyobservedthatmeat-basedmealsareconsidered:A.Economical.B.Unhealthy.C.Culturallysignificant.D.Environmentallyfriendly.2.Thestrategyrejectedtheideaofameattaxbecauseitwasthoughtto