土木工程專業(yè)英語模擬考卷二

PAGE5PAGE土木工程專業(yè)英語模擬考卷二（考試時間：90分鐘）Part1.VocabularyTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoEnglish（15X1’）1.項目經理2.銷栓作用3.均布荷載4.反應譜5.箱形基礎6.偏心預應力7.和易性8.地震力9.傳感器10.數據采集11.立方體抗壓強度12.塑性鉸13.單向板14.預制混凝土結構15.添加劑PleasetranslatethefollowingtechnicaltermsintoChinese（15X1’）1.cablestayedbridge2.retainingwall3.dynamicnonlineartimehistoryanalysis4.seismicdesign5.modulusofelasticity6.underreinforcedbeam7.progressivecollapse8.weatherresistance9.principleofvirtualwork10.vibrationcontrol11.outriggertrusses12.tsunami13.homogeneousmaterial14.structuraldamping15.slurrywallPart2.SentenceTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(5X3’)Forearthquake-typeexcitations,theresponsereductionislargeforresonantgroundmotionsanddiminishesasthedominantfrequencyofthegroundmotiongetsfurtherawayfromthestructure’snaturalfrequencytowhichtheTMDistuned.Thedevelopmentinperformance-baseddesigninseismicengineeringwillbedirectedtowardsthedefinitionofperformanceobjectives,ageneraldesignmethodology,issuesofgroundmotionmodeling,anddemandandcapacityevaluations.Thetallerastructure,themoresusceptibleitistotheeffectsofhighermodesofvibration,whicharegenerallyadditivetotheeffectsofthelowermodesandtendtohavethegreatestinfluenceontheupperstories.Inthefrequency-domainmethod,itisassumedthattheloadingisperiodicandhasbeenresolvedintoitsdiscreteharmoniccomponentsbyFouriertransformation.Therelativelylowdesignforcesarejustifiedbytheobservationsthatbuildingsdesignedforlowforceshavebehavedsatisfactorilyandthosestructuresdissipatesignificantenergyasthematerialsyieldandbehaveinelastically.PleasetranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(5X3’)1.偏心預應力通常比同心預應力更有效。很多年來，北美地區(qū)抗震設計的目標是建造中震下不壞、大震下不倒的建筑物。被動系統(tǒng)包括許多可以增強結構阻尼、剛度、強度的材料和裝置。開展鋼筋混凝土或預應力混凝土結構的結構分析是為了定量確定該結構在生命周期內的某一時刻可能經受的最大應力。作用在一個結構上的活荷載在設計時應該考慮將其布置在最大效應處，必要時應考慮包括部分布置，隔跨布置或者全跨布置的情況。Part3.ParagraphTranslationPleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese(3X8’)1.ThecompositestructuralsystemfortheJinMaoTowerlocatedinShanghai,Chinawasdesignedtoresisttyphoonwinds,earthquakeforces,andaccommodatepoorsoilconditionswhileprovidingaveryslendertowertobefullyoccupiedforofficeandhoteluses.ThestructurefortheJinMaoTowerwascompletedinAugust1997withoccupancyexpectedinAugust1998.TheToweristhetallestbuildinginChinaandthethirdtallestintheworld.ThesuperstructureoftheTowerresistlateralloadswithacentralreinforcedconcreteshearwallcoreinterconnectedwithcompositemega-columnsthroughcompositeoutriggertrussesatthree(3)two-storylevels.Gravityloadsareresistedbycompositefloormemberswhichframetostructuralsteelmega-columnsandtothecentralcoreandcompositemega-columns.ThefoundationsystemfortheTowerconsistsofopensteelpipepilescappedbyareinforcedconcretemat.Adeepslurrywallsystemformsthetemporaryretentionaswellasthepermanentfoundationsystemaroundthesite.2.Thereareatleastthreewaystolookattheprestressingofconcrete:(a)asamethodofachievingconcretestresscontrol,bywhichtheconcreteisprecompressedsothattensionnormallyresultingfromtheappliedloadsisreducedoreliminated,(b)asameansforintroducingequivalentloadsontheconcretemembersothattheeffectsoftheappliedloadsarecounteractedtothedesireddegree,and(c)asaspecialvariationofreinforcedconcreteinwhichprestrainedhigh-strengthsteelisused,usuallyinconjunctionwithhigh-strengthconcrete.Eachoftheseviewpointsisusefulintheanalysisanddesignofprestressedconcretestructures.3.Inrecentyears,considerableattentionhasbeenpaidtoresearchanddevelopmentofstructuralcontroldevices,withparticularemphasisonalleviationofwindandseismicresponseofbuildingsandbridges.Inbothareas,seriouseffortshavebeenundertakentodevelopthestructuralcontrolconceptintoaworkabletechnology,andtodaywehavemanysuchdevicesinstalledinawidevarietyofstructures.Thefocusofthisstate-of-the-artpaperisonpassiveandactivestructuralcontrolsystems.Passivesystemsencompassarangeofmaterialsanddevicesforenhancingstructuraldamping,stiffnessandstrength.Activesystems,whichincludeactive,hybridandsemi-activesystems,employcontrollableforcedevicesintegratedwithsensors,controllersandreal-timeinformationprocessing.Thispaperincludesabriefhistoricaloutlineoftheirdevelopmentandanassessmentofthestate-of-the-artandstate-of-the-practiceofthisexciting,andstillevolving,technology.Alsoincludedinthediscussionaretheiradvantagesandlimitationsinthecontextofseismicdesignandretrofitofcivilengineeringstructures.PleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEngli