新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures夯基提能作業(yè)新人教版必修第三冊

Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、語言基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．I'mnotsureabouthisabilitytocomplete(complete)thetaskalone.2．Tosolve(solve)theproblems,measuresmustbetakenrightaway.3．Morewindpowerstationswillspringuptomeet(meet)thedemandforcleanenergy.4．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstonetoget(get)up.5．IamwritingtoinviteyoutobeajudgeatourEnglishdubbingcontesttobeheld(hold)inourschool.6．TheGermangirlhastheabilitytolearn(learn)Chinesewell.7．Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch(catch)．8．Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happytowatch(watch)anythingthathappenedtobeon.9．Totellthetruth,everyonethoughtshewasthemostsuitablewomantotake(take)thejob.10．TuYouyoubecamethefirstChinesescientisttowin(win)theNobelPrizeinMedicineⅡ.完成句子1．HeistheteachertoteachusEnglishnextterm.他是下學(xué)期教我們英語的老師。2．Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.我對這問題沒什么可說的。3．Thewholefamilywenttobeachtospendtheirweekend.全家人去海灘度周末。4．Weshallbeveryhappytocooperatewithyouintheproject.我們將很興奮在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上與你合作。5．ThenextplanetoarriveisfromNewYork.下一班到達(dá)的飛機(jī)來自紐約。6．Heisalwaysthefirsttocometoandlasttoleavetheoffice.他總是第一個(gè)到辦公室，最終一個(gè)離開。7．Thereareenoughchairsforthegueststositon.有足夠的椅子給客人坐。8．Wearedelightedtoknowthatyou'regoingtovisitusnextmonth.很興奮得知你下個(gè)月要來看我們。9．Theteaistoohottodrink.這茶太熱了，不能喝。10．Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.他搬起石頭結(jié)果砸到了自己的腳。二、培優(yōu)提升訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·湖北省問津聯(lián)合體高一下質(zhì)量檢測)Withroundsofpioneeringspaceflightsthatcouldsetthestageforfuturespacetourism,itisworthlookingatwhatmightbeinvolvedforthehumanexplorationofMars,thoughit'slikelydecadesaway.Technologicalchallengesaside,aswecontinuetoexpandourexplorationofMars,thereisaquestion：Whatmightbethelessonsofpastvoyagesofdiscoverythatweshouldthinkabout?Humanexplorationhasledtomanyextraordinarynewdiscoveries,butithasalsoledtotheexploitationofresources.NotlongafterearlyEuropeansettlersarrivedatAmerica,theydeclaredtheirindependenceandcreatedtheconstitutionbywhichmodernAmericansocietyfunctions.However,thisdidnotpreventthesettlersfromreferringtonativepeopleassavagesandtakingawaytheirrightstoliberty,happiness,andevensurvival.NativeAmericanswerequicklykilledbywarsandnewdiseasesasthenewsettlersexpandedtheirland.Thenaturalenvironment,withwhichtheyhadestablishedaharmoniousrelationship,wassimilarlydestroyedbythesettlement.Marscertainlyhasanimpossibleenvironmentforhumanlife,butonMars,humanswillbetheinvasivespecies.WillourlandingonmarsbreaktheecosystemonMars?ItispossiblethatMarshasidealmineralsforfuturedevelopment.Butapartfromtechnologychallenges,willthemininghaveadisastrousenvironmentimpactonthisredneighbourasithasalreadyhadonEarth?Theachievementsofspaceexplorationarecertainlytobeapplauded.Thecontributionsoftherelatedresearchesonchemistry,medicineandmanyothersarepotentiallylimitless.However,aswelooktoexploringworldsbeyondourown,weneedtobeginnowtolookathistorytoconsiderhowbesttoengagewithdifferentlifeforms,culturesandenvironments.Wemaybecapableofwritingalaw,butwefirstneedtoclearourpotentialinvasiveimpactonanotherplanetthatmaybecompletelydefenseless.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白人類的探究帶來了很多非凡的新發(fā)覺，但它也產(chǎn)生了一些負(fù)面影響，對此作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)吸取過去的閱歷教訓(xùn)，考慮對火星的探究會破壞火星生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的問題。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto？BA．ModernAmericansociety.B．Thecreationofconstitution.C．ThesettlementofEuropeans.D．Theexploitationofresources.解析：指代推斷題。依據(jù)畫線詞上文“Notlongafter...functions.(早期的歐洲殖民者到達(dá)美洲后不久，他們宣布獨(dú)立，并制定了現(xiàn)代美國社會運(yùn)行所依據(jù)的憲法。)”以及下文“didnot...evensurvival”可知，雖然歐洲殖民者到達(dá)美洲后制定了憲法，但這并不能阻擋殖民者將土著人稱為野蠻人，剝奪他們的自由、華蜜甚至生存權(quán)利。由此可推知，this指“憲法的制定”。故選B。2．What'stheauthor'sconcernabouttheexplorationofMars？CA．HumanscannotsurviveonMars.B．HumansmaybringnewdiseasestoMars.C．TheexplorationmaydestroyMars'ecosystem.D．TechnologychallengeswillmakeminingonMarshard.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Butapartfromtechnology...alreadyhadonEarth？(但是除了技術(shù)上的挑戰(zhàn)，采礦是否會對這個(gè)紅色鄰居造成災(zāi)難性的環(huán)境影響，就像地球上已經(jīng)造成的那樣？)”可知，作者對火星探究的擔(dān)憂是探究可能會破壞火星的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。3．What'stheauthor'ssuggestionforfuturespaceexploring?DA．Makingrelevantlawsproperly.B．Conductingmorescientificresearches.C．Predictingitsimpactsonotherplanets.D．Learningfrompastexplorationexperiences.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Technologicalchallenges...thatweshouldthinkabout？”以及最終一段中的“However,aswelookto...environments.”可知，作者建議將來的太空探究借鑒以往的探究閱歷。故選D。4．Whichcolumnisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?AA．Opinion. B．History.C．Technology. D．Environment.解析：推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要說明白人類探究太空造成的影響，對此作者表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)和建議。由此可推知，這篇文章最可能來自“觀點(diǎn)”一欄。故選A。Ⅱ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(2024·江蘇省教化學(xué)會高一下學(xué)業(yè)水平測試)Ittookhumansthousandsofyearstounderstandourownplanet,andcenturiesto1.Aourneighboringplanets.Nowadays,newworldsarebeing2.Beveryweek.Uptothepresenttime,astronomershave3.Cmorethan370“exoplanets”—planetsorbiting(繞……運(yùn)動)otherspacestars(恒星)otherthanoursun.Thereisa“hotSaturn(土星)”260light-yearsfromEarththatorbitsitsparentstarso4.Dthatayeartherelastslessthanthreedays.5.Banotherstar150light-yearsoutisaburning“hotJupiter(木星)，”whereupperatmosphere(大氣層)isbeingburningtoformahugecomet-liketail.Astronomershavefoundanotherthree6.Corbitingapulsar(脈沖星)—theremainsofaoncehugestarshrinking(收縮)intoasmallatomicnucleus,the7.Dofacity.Someplanetshaveobviouslyfallenintotheirsuns.Othershavebeenthrownoutoftheir8.Ctobecome“floaters”thatfloatinthedarknessoftheuniverse.Amongallthese,scientistsareeagertofindaclueofthe9.A：planetsliketheEarth.Thatis,planetsorbitingtheirstarsatjusttherightdistance—neithertoohotnortoocold—to10.Dlifeasweknowit.Wehavenotyetfoundplanetsthatarequitelikeourown,11.Cbecausethey'reinconspicuous(不起眼的)．Toseeaplanetas12.Aandslimasoursamongthebrightnessofitsstarisliketryingtoseeafireflyinafireworksdisplay.13.Bbypushingtechnologytothe14.A,astronomersarerapidlyapproachingthedaywhentheycanfindanotherEarth.Andwhentheydo,theycanexamineitfor15.Doflife.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些“系外行星”以及人類為了找尋與地球相像的行星所做出的努力。1．A.explore B．separateC．forget D．defend解析：句意：人類花了數(shù)千年的時(shí)間才了解了我們自己的星球，并花了數(shù)百年的時(shí)間探究我們鄰近的星球。故選A。2．A.revised B．discoveredC．saved D．created解析：依據(jù)上文“newworlds”可知，隨著人類的不斷探究，應(yīng)當(dāng)是有新的世界被發(fā)覺。故選B。3．A.travelled B．damagedC．recognized D．ignored解析：句意：到目前為止，天文學(xué)家已經(jīng)識別了370多顆“系外行星”——圍繞其他的太空恒星而不是太陽運(yùn)行的行星。recognize“認(rèn)出，識別”。故選C。4．A.slowly B．easilyC．wrongly D．rapidly解析：依據(jù)下文“ayeartherelastslessthanthreedays”可知，在那里一年的持續(xù)時(shí)間不到三天，由此可知，“熱土星”繞其母星運(yùn)行的速度是很快的。故選D。5．A.Removing B．CirclingC．Lighting D．Showing解析：句意：環(huán)繞150光年外的另一顆恒星移動的是一顆燃燒的“熱木星”，在那里上層大氣正在燃燒，形成一個(gè)巨大的彗星狀尾巴。circle“轉(zhuǎn)圈，環(huán)行”。故選B。6．A.stars B．moonsC．planets D．satellites解析：此處指天文學(xué)家還發(fā)覺了另外三顆圍繞脈沖星運(yùn)行的行星。star“恒星”；moon“月亮”；planet“行星”；satellite“人造衛(wèi)星”。故選C。7．A.type B．distanceC．power D．size解析：依據(jù)上文“aoncehugestar”可知，此處介紹的是恒星的大小。故選D。8．A.authorities B．speciesC．systems D．facilities解析：句意：其他行星則被趕出它們的系統(tǒng)，成為漂移在宇宙黑暗中的“漂移者”。authority“權(quán)力，權(quán)威”；species“物種”；system“體系，系統(tǒng)”；facility“設(shè)施”。故選C。9．A.familiar B．previousC．unknown D．distant解析：句意：在全部這些中，科學(xué)家們渴望找到一條熟識的線索：像地球這樣的行星。familiar“熟識的”；previous“以前的”；unknown“未知的”；distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的”。故選A。10．A.hide B．discoverC．injure D．support解析：句意：也就是說，行星圍繞恒星運(yùn)行的距離恰到好處——既不太熱也不太冷——足以支持我們所知道的生命。hide“隱藏”；discover“發(fā)覺”；injure“損害”；support“支持”。故選D。11．A.luckily B．instantlyC．probably D．officially解析：句意：我們還沒有發(fā)覺與我們自己的行星特別相像的行星，很可能是因?yàn)樗鼈儾黄鹧?。luckily“幸運(yùn)的是”；instantly“馬上”；probably“很可能”；officially“正式地”。故選C。12．A.small B．brightC．blue D．clear解析：句意：在光明的星光中看到一顆像我們這樣小小的行星，就像試圖在煙花表演中看到一只螢火蟲。此處應(yīng)用small，與后文的“slim”意義一樣。故選A。13．A.And B．YetC．So D．Thus解析：上文說我們還沒有發(fā)覺與我們自己的行星特別相像的行星，下文說天文學(xué)家正在快速接近找到另一個(gè)地球的那一天，由此可知，上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞“yet”。故選B。14．A.limits B．endsC．opposites D．beginnings解析：句意：然而，通過將技術(shù)推向極限，天文學(xué)家正在快速接近找到另一個(gè)地球的那一天。limit“限制，極限”；end“結(jié)尾”；opposite“對立面”；beginning“開端”。故選A。15．A.examples B．designsC．means D．signs解析：句意：當(dāng)他們這樣做時(shí)，他們可以檢查它是否有生命跡象。sign“跡象”。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀短文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BusyColombianslivinginacitycanbepressured.ButthereisaplaceforpeopletorelievestressinBogota.1.Sitting(sit)atthetopofMonserrateHill，eastofthecity,theplaceisaprotectedparkforhummingbirds.Theareacontainsaforestthathasturnedintoapeacefuland2.harmonious(harmony)worldforbothpeopleandbirds.Withthehummingbirdsflyingfromflowertoflower，somepeoplestudythemthroughbinoculars(雙筒鏡)and3.others(other)takepictureswithcamerasorphones.“Sometimesitdoesn'tseemrealbecauseweareclosetoacityofeightmillionresidents4.that/whogeneratenoiseeveryday，”saysCamiloCantor,acaretakerinthepark,whosejobistomixwaterandsugarandputitinbirdfeedersalonga300-meterpath.“Theparkis5.truly(true)specialplace,likeanoasis(綠洲)．Itisaplacewherepeoplecango6.toease(ease)stress，forgetabouttroublesandget7.abreakfrombusycitylife，”headded.Tenyearsagothehill8.wasdestroyed(destroy)，mercilesslyandcompletely，meaningtherewerenotreesleftonit.Butworkersbegantoreplantlocaltreesandflowerstobringtheforestback9.tolife.Presently，visitorstotheparkcanseeover100speciesofbirdsthere.Hummingbirdscan10.befound(find)onlyontheAmericancontinentandColombiaishometomanydifferentkinds.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。文章