（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第35篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.面試是否是衡量一個(gè)可能成為雇員的人的準(zhǔn)確方式取決于面試官的特色,面試本身以及應(yīng)聘者這三者.Whetheraninterviewisanaccuratewayof

sizingup

(1.衡量)aprospectiveemployee(2.一個(gè)可能成為雇員的人)

hingeson

(3.取決于)characteristicsoftheinterviewer,theinterviewitself,andtheinterviewee.

1-sizeup

詞典釋義：sizeup1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

打量;估計(jì);判斷;評(píng)估

Ifyou

sizeup

apersonorsituation,

youcarefullylookatthepersonorthinkaboutthesituation,sothatyou

candecidehowtoact.【語(yǔ)法信息】：VPn(notpron)【語(yǔ)法信息】：VnP【語(yǔ)域標(biāo)簽】：INFORMAL非正式?SomeUSmanufacturershavebeensizinguptheUKasapossiblemarketfortheirclothes...一些美國(guó)生產(chǎn)商一直在觀察英國(guó)是否會(huì)成為他們的成衣潛在市場(chǎng).

?Hespenttheeveningsizingmeupintellectually.他整晚都在若有所思地打量我.

外刊例句：Itisasensitivesubjectformany.Still,alotoforganisationswouldliketobeableto

size

up

thosewhousetheirservices.

()對(duì)于許多組織而言,這是個(gè)敏感話題.不過(guò)許多組織都將能評(píng)估那些使用他們服務(wù)的用戶.

替換表達(dá)：assess/evaluate

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

measure點(diǎn)評(píng)：measure作動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般的說(shuō)法是measuresomebody/somethingagainstsomebody/something,將……與……作比較,這里用assess/evaluate比較好.

2-aprospectiveemployee

詞典釋義：prospective

[pr?'spek.t?v]

adjective

prospectivebuyers/employers/parents,etc.

ADVANCED

■peoplewhoareexpectedtobuysomething/employsomeone/becomeaparent,etc

潛在的客戶／可能成為雇主的人／即將為人父母者等

?We'vehadthreesetsof

prospective

buyerslookingroundthehouse.已經(jīng)有三批可能買(mǎi)我們房子的人來(lái)看過(guò)房子了.

外刊例句：Thisisasituationalinterviewingtechniquethatposesan

on-the-jobproblemtoseehowthe

prospective

employee

willrespond.

()這是一種情景面試技術(shù),可以模擬出"真實(shí)工作”問(wèn)題,從而觀察到面試者會(huì)如果應(yīng)對(duì)這些問(wèn)題.

替換表達(dá)：apossible/potentialemployee

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

alatent

employee點(diǎn)評(píng)：latent一般指"潛在的,潛伏的(疾病、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或緊張關(guān)系等)”,例如：Thevirusremainslatentinthebodyformanyyears.這種病毒會(huì)在體內(nèi)潛伏許多年.不能用latent來(lái)指潛在的雇員.(2)

apersonwho

maybecomeanemployee點(diǎn)評(píng)：語(yǔ)法上沒(méi)錯(cuò),但表達(dá)過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng),可以改為apotential/prospectiveemployee

3-hingeon

詞典釋義：hinge

Phrasal

Verbs

hingeon/uponsth

■Ifonethinghingesonanother,thefirstthingdepends

onthesecondthingorisveryinfluencedbyit

依靠,取決于?Theprosecution'scase

hinged

ontheevidenceofa

witnesswhodiedbeforethetrial.控方的案子取決于一位證人的證詞,而該證人已在審判前死去.

外刊例句：The

futureofIslamicbankinginBangladeshmay

hingeon

whetherheisright.()孟加拉國(guó)的伊斯蘭銀行業(yè)的前景取決于他是否正確.

替換表達(dá)：dependon/hangon

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

liein點(diǎn)評(píng)：liein是指"睡懶覺(jué)”,例如：Shelikestoliein[=sleepin]onSaturdays.不可以用liein來(lái)指"依賴”.

2.對(duì)我們當(dāng)中很多人來(lái)說(shuō),工作面試是緊張的根源.我們情不自禁地?fù)?dān)心如果在面試間回答錯(cuò)誤了一個(gè)問(wèn)題,我們獲得一個(gè)可能很棒的工作的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)化為泡影.Formanyofus,jobinterviewsare

asourceof

(1.……的根源)anxiety.We

cannothelpbut

(2.情不自禁地)feelafraidthat,byansweringaquestionincorrectlyintheinterviewroom,ourchancesofobtainingapotentiallygreatjobwillbe

ruined(3.化為泡影).

1-asourceof

詞典釋義：source4.N-COUNT可數(shù)名詞

(困難的)根源,原因

The

sourceof

adifficultyisitscause.

【搭配模式】：Nofn?Thisgavemeaclueastothesourceoftheproblem.這件事給我提供了找出問(wèn)題根源的線索.

外刊例句：Thehumbleschooltriphasbecome

asourceof

anxietyanddreadforparentsacrossthecountry.

()對(duì)于該國(guó)的家長(zhǎng)而言,簡(jiǎn)樸的學(xué)校旅行已變成了他們的煩惱和痛苦之源.

替換表達(dá)：therootof/thecauseof

2-cannot(help)butdosth

詞典釋義：cannot(help)but

formal

phrase

tohave

nochoiceexcepttodosomething

Youcannothelpbutlikeher.

AsIlookbackovermycareer,Icannotbutsmile.

外刊例句：Yeteventhiswilloftenprovedifficult,theyargue,

thankstoassetslikeafirm’sreputationthat

cannothelpbut

besharedbetweentheoldbusinessandits

internalrival.

()他們認(rèn)為,由于諸如公司聲望等資產(chǎn)通常不得不由舊公司或國(guó)際商業(yè)對(duì)手分享,所以甚至連這種方法都常常顯得困難,

替換表達(dá)：can’thelpdoingsth

3-beruined

詞典釋義：ruin['ru：.?n]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

■tospoilordestroyseverelyorcompletely

(完全)毀掉,毀壞;破壞;糟踏?Hugemodernhotelshave

ruined

thisonceunspoilt

coastline.龐然大物般的現(xiàn)代旅館已經(jīng)完全毀掉了這片曾經(jīng)如世外桃源般的海岸.?Herinjury

ruined

her

chances

ofwinningthe

race.她受了傷,毀掉了贏得比賽的機(jī)會(huì).■tocauseapersonorcompanytolosealltheirmoneyor

theirreputation

使破產(chǎn);使身敗名裂;毀滅?Cheapimportedgoodsare

ruining

manybusinesses.廉價(jià)的進(jìn)口商品使眾多公司正走向破產(chǎn).

外刊例句：Wehavebeentoosqueamishindeclaringloveforour

country,andthatimpedesthewarningthatit

willberuined

byBrexit.

()我們變得在展露愛(ài)國(guó)情懷時(shí)總顯得過(guò)于容易擔(dān)驚受怕,而這限制了該警告的傳播——"脫歐”將毀壞我們的國(guó)家.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

bedashed點(diǎn)評(píng)：dash一般與hope搭配：dashsb’shopes,這里用chancesbedashed不太合適,可以改為chancesbe

ruined

3.就業(yè)準(zhǔn)備在保證學(xué)生能夠獲得符合職場(chǎng)里雇主要求的知識(shí)和技能上是至關(guān)重要的.今天的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)比以往任何時(shí)候競(jìng)爭(zhēng)都要更加激烈,而且企業(yè)要求應(yīng)聘者有專業(yè)的技能組合.Jobpreparationisvitaltoensurethatstudentsacquiretheknowledgeandskills

demanded

(1.需要,要求)byemployersintheworkplace.Today'sjobmarketismorecompetitivethaneverbefore(2.比以往任何時(shí)候),andorganizationsdemandspecialized

skillsets(3.技能組合).

1-demand

詞典釋義：demandUK

[d?'mɑ：nd]

US

[-'m?nd]

verb

transitive

NEED

需求

■toneedsomethingsuchastime,effort,oraparticular

quality

需要,要求?Thisisaverydifficultpieceofmusictoplay-it

demands

alotofconcentration.這段樂(lè)曲很難演奏——需要注意力高度集中.?Heseemstolackmanyofthequalities

demandedof

(=neededby)asuccessfulpolitician.他似乎缺少成功政治家所應(yīng)具備的很多素質(zhì).

外刊例句：ThiswasinturnfacilitatedbytheGreekparliament’svote

earlierthatdaytobackreforms

demanded

by

euro-zonecreditorsasaconditionfortalksonathirdbail-out

agreement.

()希臘議會(huì)于這天前對(duì)歐盟要求作為展開(kāi)第三次財(cái)政緊急援助會(huì)談條件的改革方案進(jìn)行了投票支持,而這相應(yīng)推動(dòng)了該會(huì)議的進(jìn)行.

替換表達(dá)：requiredby/neededby

2-thaneverbeforeever在以前學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候多被翻譯為"曾經(jīng)”,這其實(shí)是沒(méi)問(wèn)題的,ever有"atanytime”的含義,它和過(guò)去的時(shí)間背景在一起,就成了"曾經(jīng)”."ever

before”可以直譯為"以往任何時(shí)候”.

詞典釋義：ever3.ADV

副詞

(用于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)后表示強(qiáng)調(diào))以往任何時(shí)候,曾經(jīng)

Youuse

ever

after

comparativesandsuperlativestoemphasizethedegreetowhichsomethingis

trueorwhenyouarecomparingapresentsituationwiththepastorthe

future.

【搭配模式】：ADVaftercomparthan

【語(yǔ)用信息】：emphasis?She'sgotagreatvoiceandissingingbetterthan

ever...她的嗓音非常好,現(xiàn)在的唱功比以往任何時(shí)候都要好.

?Japaniswealthierandmorepowerfulthan

ever

before...日本比以往任何時(shí)候都更加富有和強(qiáng)大.

?Hefeelsbetterthanhehas

ever

feltbefore...他從未感覺(jué)這么好過(guò).?'FearOfMusic'remainsamongthebestalbums

ever

formanymusicfans...對(duì)很多樂(lè)迷而言,《懼怕音樂(lè)》仍是有史以來(lái)最好的專輯之一.

?ThisisthemostawfuleveningIcan

ever

remember.這是我記憶中最可怕的一晚.

外刊例句：Onaverage,peoplethroughouttheworldhavebeenliving

longerandeatingbetter

thanever

before.

()平均而言,世界人民已比以往任何時(shí)候都要活得更久和吃得更好.

替換表達(dá)：morecompetitivethanever/morecompetitivethanatanytime

before

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

thanany

othertime/thanthatinanyothertime點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里應(yīng)該改為thanatany

timebefore(2)

thanbefore

atanytime點(diǎn)評(píng)：語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該調(diào)整為thanat

anytimebefore

3-skillsets

詞典釋義：set[set]

noun

GROUP

組合

ESSENTIAL

countable

■agroupofsimilar

thingsthatbelongtogetherinsomeway

套;副

?WeboughtCharlesandMandya

set

of

cutleryasaweddingpresent.我們?yōu)椴闋査购吐腺I(mǎi)了一套刀叉餐具,作為送給他們的結(jié)婚禮物.?Ialwayskeepatool

set

inthebackofmy

car.我一直都在汽車(chē)的后車(chē)箱內(nèi)放著一套工具.?Thedoctorsaidthathehadn'tseenthisparticular

set

of

symptomsbefore.醫(yī)生說(shuō)他以前沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這種癥候群.?Weneedtoestablishanew

set

of

priorities.我們需要重新安排應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮的一組事項(xiàng).?Heorshehastohaveaverydifferent

skillset.

ADVANCED

countable

■anumberof

objectsorpiecesofequipmentneededforaparticularactivity,especially

playingagame

(尤指游戲用的)一套用具?achess/train/chemistry

set一副象棋／一組模型列車(chē)／一套化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)用品

外刊例句：Others,however,mightlookattheindustriestheyfeel

mostpassionateaboutandworkouthowtheir

skillsset

couldfitin.

()然而,其他人可能在尋找最感興趣的行業(yè)和探索如何讓其技能組合與之相適應(yīng).

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

skill

portfolios點(diǎn)評(píng)：portfolio是指"(個(gè)人或機(jī)構(gòu)的)投資組合”,例如：Short-termsecuritiescanalsobeheldaspartofaninvestment

portfolio.投資組合里也可以包括短期有價(jià)證券.portfolio不能用來(lái)指技能的組合.(2)

skillmixes點(diǎn)評(píng)：mix是指"混合體”,這里應(yīng)該改為skillsets(3)

correspond

techniquescombinations點(diǎn)評(píng)：technique一般指"(藝術(shù)、體育等方面的)技藝,技法,技能”,用在這里不合適.

Q：老師,vital后面的to為什么不是ensuring?這里to不是做介詞嗎?Jobpreparationisvitalto

ensure

that謝謝老師!A：vitalto后面也可以接動(dòng)詞原形,例如柯林斯詞典例句：The

portisvitaltosupplyrelieftomillionsofdroughtvictims.這個(gè)港口對(duì)向數(shù)百萬(wàn)旱災(zāi)災(zāi)民提供救援物資是至關(guān)重要的.

Q：請(qǐng)問(wèn)：有很多兩個(gè)詞連在一起說(shuō)的,例如翻譯原文里的知識(shí)和技能,這種后面如果接動(dòng)詞的話,是接單三(將知識(shí)和技能看成整體)還是接復(fù)數(shù)的動(dòng)詞形式呢?A：需要按動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式來(lái)算,例如BBC例句：Milkand

sugar

are

alsolikelytobe

expensivein2020,hewarns.其中milk和sugar都是不可數(shù)名詞,但是合在一起需要用動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.

4.盡管在城市工作的好處顯而易見(jiàn),但缺點(diǎn)也很明顯.一方面,城市的生活成本要高很多;從食品到衣物,每樣?xùn)|西上面的價(jià)格標(biāo)簽都比農(nóng)村地區(qū)要高.而且,從事一份城市工作需要忍受各種城市環(huán)境問(wèn)題,包括交通堵塞,過(guò)度擁擠,以及嚴(yán)重的空氣和噪聲污染.Whiletheadvantagesofworkinginthecityare

self-evident(1.顯而易見(jiàn)的),thedrawbacksarealsoapparent.Foronething,

thecostofliving

(2.生活成本)ismuchhigherincities;everythingfromfoodtoclothingcarriesasteeper

pricetag

(3.價(jià)格標(biāo)簽)thaninruralareas.Furthermore,takingupacityjobrequirestheabilitytotolerateavarietyofurbanenvironmentalproblems,includingtrafficcongestion,

overcrowding(4.過(guò)度擁擠),andhighlevelsofairandnoisepollution.

1-self-evident

詞典釋義：self-evident

[?self'ev.?.d?nt]

adjective

■clearorobviouswithoutneedinganyprooforexplanation

不證自明的;不言而喻的;顯然的?Solutionswhichseem

self-evident

to

humans

areoftenbeyondthegraspofcomputers.對(duì)人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)一些顯而易見(jiàn)的解決辦法常常是電腦所不能做到的.

外刊例句：Ifthereisatruthwhichtheworldnowholdstobe

self-evident,itisthattheUS

prisoncampinGuantánamoBayshouldclose.

()若問(wèn)世界上有什么是顯而易見(jiàn)的,那顯然是美國(guó)應(yīng)該把關(guān)塔那摩海岸監(jiān)獄關(guān)閉.

替換表達(dá)：obvious/apparent

2-costofliving

詞典釋義：costof

living

●○○○○1.N-SING

單數(shù)名詞

生活費(fèi)用;生活成本

The

costofliving

is

theaverageamountofmoneythatpeopleinaparticularplaceneedinorder

tobeabletoaffordbasicfood,housing,andclothing.?The

cost

ofliving

hasincreased

dramatically...生活成本大幅上漲.?Companiesaremovingjobstotownswithalower

costofliving.各公司正在把工作崗位轉(zhuǎn)移至生活費(fèi)用較低的城鎮(zhèn).

可供替換的表達(dá)：livingcosts

外刊例句：Despiterampantinflation,adevaluationoftheKwacha

causedbyfallingcopperpriceshaspushedthecity’s

costofliving

downtojust41%ofNewYork’s.()盧薩卡盡管通貨膨脹嚴(yán)重,但因?yàn)殂~價(jià)下滑,其貨幣克瓦查幣貶值,導(dǎo)致該城市生活成本僅為紐約的41%.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

life

expenditure點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有l(wèi)ife

expenditure的說(shuō)法,這里應(yīng)該改為costofliving(2)

thecostto

live/expanseofurbanlife點(diǎn)評(píng)：表達(dá)不準(zhǔn)確,應(yīng)該改為costof

living,此外expanse是指"寬廣的空間”,例如an

expanseofbluesky廣闊的藍(lán)天,不可以與expense(花費(fèi))混淆.

3-pricetag

詞典釋義：pricetag(also

price

ticket)

noun

countable

■apieceofpaperwithapriceonwhichisfixedtoa

product,ortheamountthatsomethingcosts

(掛在商品上的)價(jià)格標(biāo)簽;價(jià)格

?Howmuchisit?-Ican'tfindthepricetag.這多少錢(qián)?——我找不到價(jià)格標(biāo)簽.?Thesesuitshavedesignernamesandapriceticketto

match.這些西裝的標(biāo)簽上印有設(shè)計(jì)者的名字和相應(yīng)的價(jià)格.

外刊例句：Thoughthepricemaybeshockingtomany,analystswill

probablyviewthe$475,000

pricetag

asconservative.ABritishstudysuggestedthe"upperbound”foradruglike

Kymriahcouldbe$649,000.

()盡管該藥物價(jià)格會(huì)令許多人大吃一驚,但分析師很可能會(huì)認(rèn)為其47.5萬(wàn)美金的標(biāo)價(jià)尚顯保守.一份英國(guó)研究認(rèn)為,像Kymriah這種藥物的價(jià)格上限可能為64.9萬(wàn)美元.

可供替換的表達(dá)：pricelabels

4-overcrowding

詞典釋義：overcrowding

●○○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

過(guò)度擁擠;擁擠不堪

Ifthereisa

problemof

overcrowding,therearemorepeoplelivinginaplacethanitwasdesigned

for.?Studentswereprotestingat

overcr