語(yǔ)法八　構(gòu)詞法課件 2025年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題探究（廣西）

考點(diǎn)精講試題精練鏈接中考語(yǔ)法八構(gòu)詞法第2部分語(yǔ)法專題探究考點(diǎn)精講1.合成法由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作合成法。類別例子復(fù)合名詞afternoon,grandfather,classmate,blackboard,newspaper,airplane復(fù)合動(dòng)詞underline(在……下畫(huà)線),upset(使煩惱),sleepwalk(夢(mèng)游),overcome復(fù)合形容詞hard-working,warm-hearted,good-looking,worldwide,middle-aged復(fù)合副詞however,whenever,somewhere,anywhere,downstairs,maybe復(fù)合代詞everything,nobody,anyone,herself2.派生法在一個(gè)單詞前面或后面加上一個(gè)詞綴構(gòu)成新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作派生法。加在單詞前的詞綴叫前綴，加在單詞后的詞綴叫后綴。(1)常見(jiàn)前綴(前綴一般只改變單詞詞義而不改變其詞性)前綴意義例子un-，dis-，il-，

im-，in-，non-“不，非”，表示否定unhappy,uncomfortable,discover(2024.27),disagree,dishonest,disadvantage,illegal(非法的),impossible,impolite,incorrect,inexpensive,non-smoking前綴意義例子mis-表示“錯(cuò)誤”misunderstand(誤解),mislead(誤導(dǎo)),mistakeinter-表示“相互，在……之間”interview,international,Internetre-表示“再，重新”rewrite,return,review,retell(復(fù)述)pre-表示“在……之前”preschool(幼兒園),preview(預(yù)習(xí))前綴意義例子mini-表示“小”minibus,miniskirt,minicomputersuper-表示“超……”superhero,superstar,superman,supermarketbi-表示“兩個(gè)，雙邊的”bicycle,bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的)tele-表示“遠(yuǎn)”telephone,television,telescope(望遠(yuǎn)鏡)(2)常見(jiàn)后綴(后綴一般只改變單詞詞性而不改變其詞義)作用后綴意義例子構(gòu)成名詞-or,-er表示“從事某種職業(yè)的人”visitor,actor,writer(2023.34),singer(2023.34)-ess表示“女……，雌……”actress,waitress-ist表示“從事某活動(dòng)的人”artist,scientist,tourist-ese表示“……國(guó)的(人/語(yǔ)言)”Chinese,Japanese作用后綴意義例子構(gòu)成名詞-ion,-tion,-sion表示“行為；狀態(tài)”pollution(2024.48),invention(2024.48),invitation,pronunciation,competition,decision-ship表示“品質(zhì)，性質(zhì)，關(guān)系，身份”leadership(領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能),friendship,relationship-ment表示“……的行為(或結(jié)果)”argument,development,agreement作用后綴意義例子構(gòu)成名詞-th構(gòu)成抽象名詞truth,warmth,wealth-y,-ty,-ity構(gòu)成抽象名詞difficulty,safety,ability,reality-ness構(gòu)成抽象名詞，

表示“……的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)”kindness,illness,happiness構(gòu)成形容詞-ful表示“有……性質(zhì)的，充滿……的”harmful(2024.46),helpful(2024.46),useful-y表示“有……特性的”lucky,healthy,cloudy作用后綴意義例子構(gòu)成形容詞-ish表示“帶有……特征的”foolish(愚蠢的),childish(孩子氣的；幼稚的)-ous表示“具有……性質(zhì)的；充滿……”nervous(2024.51),humorous,dangerous-en表示“由……制成的”wooden(木制的),golden(金質(zhì)的)-ing表示“使……的”(主語(yǔ)常為物)boring,exciting,interesting,relaxing,surprising作用后綴意義例子構(gòu)成形容詞-ed表示“有……特征的，以……為特征的”(主語(yǔ)常為人)bored(2024.51),excited,interested,relaxed,surprised-al表示“與……有關(guān)的”traditional,natural,personal-able表示“(能夠)……的；具有……性質(zhì)的”valuable,comfortable,unforgettable-less表示“沒(méi)有；無(wú)”selfless(無(wú)私的),careless,useless-ive,-itive表示“……傾向的；有……性質(zhì)的”active,creative,sensitive(2023.73)(敏感的),competitive(有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的)作用后綴意義例子構(gòu)成副詞-ly表示“……地”carefully(2024.47),badly(2024.47),quietly(2024.84),actively(2023.55),angrily(2023.55),proudly(2023.76)【注意】friendly,lovely,lively,lonely這四個(gè)單詞雖以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞。3.轉(zhuǎn)化法一個(gè)單詞由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種詞類，這種構(gòu)詞法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。類別例子名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞shown．展覽；展示→

v．表演；展出handn．手→

v．交給watern．水→

v．澆水動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞walkv．散步→

n．散步lookv．看→

n．相貌tryv．嘗試(做)；努力→

n．嘗試；努力形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞backadj.后面的→

n．背部；后面lightadj.明亮的→

n．燈blackadj.黑色的→

n．黑色形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞slowadj.慢的→

v．(使)放慢速度cleanadj.干凈的→

v．使……干凈鏈接中考構(gòu)詞法在選詞填空中的應(yīng)用選詞填空題要求考生從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~并用其正確形式填空，其中單詞的變形有可能涉及其派生變化。visit

they

big

table

introduce(2022柳州83題選詞填空節(jié)選)Peoplewillservetheir83._________athomewithtea,fruitsandsnakes．解析：根據(jù)“servetheir…athomewithtea,fruitsandsnakes”可知，空格處需填名詞。結(jié)合備選詞可知，visit的名詞形式visitor符合語(yǔ)境，考慮到空格處前為their，visitor需要變復(fù)數(shù)。故填visitors。試題精練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Ifyoutreateveryonewithkindnessand________，youwillfeelhappy.A．warm B．warmly C．warmth2.Mybrotherhashealthylivinghabits.He________getsupat7amandneverstaysuplate.A．usual B．unusual C．usually3.(2024自貢)—Billyusedtobeshyandquiet,butheisveryoutgoingnow.—Yes.Weareall________athischanges.A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising4.—What’swrong,Peter?—Thebadsmellmakesme________.Let’sgooutofhererightnow.A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．comfortably5.—Ican’tbelieveit.Tonyhasinventedatreewateringmachine.—Really?Heisso________．A．create B．creative C．creativity二、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)練science

danger

use

value

traditiondevelop

slow

noise

national

possible1.It’stoo________here!Let’sgotoaquietplacetorelax.2.Englishisan________________languageanditiswidelyusedinmanycountries.3.(2024天津改編)Theteacherspeaks_________andcarefullysothatwecanunderstandherbetter.noisy

international

slowly

4.(2024連云港改編)YuanLongping,oneofthegreatest____________，wonrespectallovertheworld.5.Thetaskissodifficultthatit’s_____________formetofinishitinonedayandIstillneedmoretime.6.(2024白銀改編)Theroadisvery____________aftertheheavyrain.Driversarewarnedtodrivecarefullytoavoidaccidents.7.ThesuccessfullandingofChang’e-6onthebackofthemoonmarks(標(biāo)志)the______________ofChina’sspaceresearch.scientists

impossible

dangerous

development

8.Mamianqunisakindof______________Chineseskirt.ItstartedintheSongDynastyandhasahistoryofmorethan1,000years.9.Theyoungmothertakesmanyphotosofherbaby’sdailyactivitiesinordertokeepthese___________momentsforever.10.(2024連云港)Thepastcanneverbechangedanditis__________toworryaboutthefuture.Whynotenjoythepresent?traditional

valuable

useless

三、選詞填空(主題：人與自我·“20頁(yè)閱讀法”帶來(lái)的改變難度：★★★★用時(shí)：7分鐘)根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。him

agree

teach

worry

help

strict

decide

safe

happy

interestAsachild,Iwasquiteactive.Mymom1._______aboutmealotbecauseIwasalwaysrunningaroundandgettinghurtalmosteveryday.A