跨 文化交際禮儀-Chapter Five Cross-c

ChapterFiveCross-cultureCommunicationEtiquette跨文化交際禮儀EuropeanCountries歐洲國(guó)家AmericanCountries美洲國(guó)家OceanianCountries大洋洲國(guó)家目錄CONTENTSAsianCountries亞洲國(guó)家AfricanCountries非洲國(guó)家1Haveacommandoftheetiquettesandtabooofsomemajorcountries2Handlesomeproblemsituationsincross-culturalbusinesssetting3Cultivatethecross-culturalawarenesswhendoingbusinessgloballyObjectives（學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)）Afteryouhavestudiedthischapter,youshouldbeabletoTestyourselfThe“OK”sign,formedbymakingacircleofthethumbandindexfingerisusedtoshowapproval.02Yes□No□PunctualityishighlyvaluedinthesouthernregionssuchasSpainorPortugal,whilestandardsarelooserforScandinavians，Germans,Britons,andothernorthernpeople.01Yes□No□InFrance,meetingsaretodiscussissues,nottomakedecisions.

03Yes□No□Basedonyourunderstandingofbusinessetiquette,judgethefollowingsituationsanddiscussingroups.04BusinesscardsareinfrequentlydistributedintheUSandarenotusuallyexchangedunlessyouwishtocontactthepersonatalaterdate.Yes□No□Nosmoking

during

Ramadan.

Foreigners

atthistimecannot

smokeinfrontof

the

locals;

otherwiseitwouldcausegreatresentment.05Yes□No□TestyourselfBasedonyourunderstandingofbusinessetiquette,judgethefollowingsituationsanddiscussingroups.EuropeanCountries歐洲國(guó)家PartI1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeandspaceTimeandspaceAsyoumovefromthenorthofEuropetothesouth,themostobviousdifferencesinmannersconcerntimeandspace.Scandinavians,Germans,Britons,andothernorthernpeopleplaceaveryhighvalueonpunctuality,whilestandardsarelooserinthesouthernregions.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeandspaceTimeandspaceInSpainorPortugalavisitormightbekeptwaitingthirtyminutesbeforebeinggreetedwiththeutmostcourtesy.SouthernEuropeansalsohaveamoreintimatepersonalcomfortzone,preferringtostandabouttwofeetapartwhentheyconverse.Fornortherners,theacceptabledistanceisaboutfourfeet,andanythingcloserisseenasaninvasionofprivacy.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeThestandardgreetingthroughoutEuropeisthehandshake,forbothmenandwomen.Itisusuallypoliteforawomantoextendherhandfirst.Mostcontinentalsshakehandsbeforeandaftereachmeeting,whileinGreatBritainasingleintroductoryshakeissufficient.

GreetingsThroughoutEurope,formalityinaddressistherule:Nevercallanotherpersonbyhisorherfirstnameuntilclearlyinvitedtodoso,andbecarefullytouseanyprofessionaltitlessuchas“Doctor”“Professor”or“Advocate”.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsIngeneral,allbusinessandsocialappointmentsshouldbescheduledatleasttwoweeksinadvance.Innortherncountries,beingexactlyontimeisessential;meetingsstartpromptly,movequicklytothematterathand,andtendtofollowatightlyscriptedagenda.InsoutherncountriessuchasSpainandGreece,whileyoushouldplantobeontime,yourhostmaynotbe.Meetingsaremorelikelytostartlate,interruptionsarenotunexpected,andthereisnoattempttohurrytheoutcome.Intheseregions,patienceandcourtesyarethekeystosuccessfulbusinessnegotiations.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsInEasternEurope,withitsrelativelyundevelopedinfrastructure,theetiquettetendstoresolvearoundlogisticalchallenges.Besuretosetupmeetingsfarinadvance;itmaytakemonthstofinalizevisasandothertravelarrangements.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsOnceyouarrive,multiplemeetingswilllikelyberequiredtowrapupbusinessdealings.ThisisespeciallytrueinRussia,whereextremecautioninmakingdecisionsisthenormandbeingtooreadytocompromiseisregardedasasignofweakness.01地理風(fēng)貌Profile02政治概況Politics03經(jīng)濟(jì)概況Economy04民族文化Culture05商務(wù)禁忌Taboos2.TheUK英國(guó)UnitedKingdom(UK)orBritain.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.2.TheUK英國(guó)01.Profile（地理風(fēng)貌）2.TheUK英國(guó)England：overhalfofthetotalareaoftheUK,London.英格蘭：占英國(guó)總面積一半，首都為倫敦Scotland:underathird,Edinburgh.蘇格蘭：占英國(guó)總面積不足三分之一，首都為愛(ài)丁堡Wales:lessthanatenth,Cardiff.威爾士：占英國(guó)總面積不足十分之一，首都為卡迪夫NorthernIreland:hilly,Belfast.北愛(ài)爾蘭：多為丘陵，首都為貝爾法斯特01.Profile（地理風(fēng)貌）The

monarch

is

Queen

Elizabeth

II,

who

has

reigned

since

6February

1952.女王是伊麗莎白二世，自1952年2月6日以來(lái)一直在位。2.TheUK英國(guó)02.Politics（政治風(fēng)貌）TheBankofEngland—thecentralbankoftheUnitedKingdom2.TheUK英國(guó)Thefifth-largesteconomyintheworld世界第五大經(jīng)濟(jì)體Thesecond-largestinEuropeafterGermany僅次于德國(guó)的歐洲第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體03.Economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)概況）2.TheUK英國(guó)03.Economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)概況）Thepoundsterlingistheworld'sthird-largestreservecurrency(aftertheUSdollarandtheeuro).英鎊是世界第三大儲(chǔ)備貨幣（僅次于美元和歐元）2.TheUK英國(guó)CityofLondonTheUKservicesectormakesuparound73%ofGDP.英國(guó)服務(wù)業(yè)約占GDP的73%03.Economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)概況）2.TheUK英國(guó)03.Economy（經(jīng)濟(jì)概況）StandardLifeBuildingintheEdinburghFinancialDistrictLondon:theworld'slargestfinancialcentrealongsideNewYork,thelargestcityGDPinEurope.倫敦：與紐約并列的全球最大金融中心，歐洲城市GDP最大的城市。Demographics人口統(tǒng)計(jì)Customs風(fēng)俗人情L(zhǎng)anguage語(yǔ)言Religion宗教2.TheUK英國(guó)04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國(guó)Thepopulation:65,648,000.全國(guó)總?cè)丝?5,648,000。Thelargestgrouparewhite,accountingfor87.1%.最大的群體是白人，占比87.1%。England'spopulationin2021wasfoundtobe55million,oneofthemostdenselypopulatedcountriesintheworld.2021年英格蘭人口為5500萬(wàn)，是世界上人口最密集的地區(qū)之一。WhiteAsianBlackMixedWhite87.1%Mixed2%Black3%Asian7%others04.Culture（民族文化）Demographics人口統(tǒng)計(jì)2.TheUK英國(guó)FormsofChristianityhavedominatedreligiouslifeinwhatisnowtheUnitedKingdomforover1400years.1400多年來(lái)，基督教形式一直主導(dǎo)著現(xiàn)在的英國(guó)的宗教生活。59.5%wereChristians,withthenextlargestfaithsbeingIslam(4.4%),Hinduism(1.3%),Judaism(0.4%).59.5%是基督教徒，其次是伊斯蘭教（4.4%）、印度教（1.3%）、猶太教（0.4%）。Hindu1.3%Christian59.5%Irreligious25.7%Muslim4.4%Jew0.4%ChristianIrreligiousMuslimHinduJew04.Culture（民族文化）Religion宗教2.TheUK英國(guó)TheUK'sofficiallanguageisEnglish.英國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言是英語(yǔ)。FrenchandGermanarethetwomostcommonlytaughtsecondlanguagesinEnglandandScotland.WelshisthesecondlanguageinWales.法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)是英格蘭和蘇格蘭最常用的兩種第二語(yǔ)言，威爾士語(yǔ)是威爾士地區(qū)的第二語(yǔ)言。04.Culture（民族文化）TheEnglish-speakingworld.Countriesindarkbluehaveamajorityofnativespeakers;countrieswhereEnglishisanofficial

butnota

majority

language

are

shaded

in

light

blue.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesoftheEuropeanUnionandtheUnited

Nations.Language語(yǔ)言2.TheUK英國(guó)Punctual,well-mannered,polite,andconservative.守時(shí)，彬彬有禮，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)保守。Shakehandsratherthanhugorkiss.見(jiàn)面握手，一般不會(huì)擁抱會(huì)接吻。Keepsocialdistance.保持社交距離。04.Culture（民族文化）Customs（

風(fēng)俗人情）2.TheUK英國(guó)Usepoliteexpressionssuchas"please","thankyou"and"excuseme".喜歡用“請(qǐng)”“謝謝”“不好意思”等禮貌用語(yǔ)?！癓adyFist”.遵守“女士?jī)?yōu)先”原則。Customs（

風(fēng)俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國(guó)BritishafternoonteahasbecomeasymbolofBritishculture.英式下午茶已經(jīng)成為一種英國(guó)文化的標(biāo)志。TeaaswellassnackswillbeservedinthetraditionalBritishafternoontea.傳統(tǒng)的英式下午茶不僅有茶水還有點(diǎn)心。Customs（

風(fēng)俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國(guó)Bottomfirstandthenthetop.食用的順序是先吃下面的再往上吃。Mencanwearcasualbusinessclothesandwomencandressup.男士可以穿休閑商務(wù)裝，女士可以盛裝打扮。customs（

風(fēng)俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國(guó)BusinessDiningTaboos（商務(wù)用餐禁忌）Gift-givingTaboos（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)禁忌）BusinessGreetingTaboos（商務(wù)問(wèn)候禁忌）BusinessGestureTaboos（商務(wù)體態(tài)禁忌）BusinessTalkTaboos（商務(wù)交談禁忌）BusinessDressTaboos（商務(wù)著裝禁忌）05.BusinessTaboos（商務(wù)禁忌）2.TheUK英國(guó)Don'tshakehandswithonefootinsidethedoorandtheotheroutside.切忌一只腳在門里面另一只腳在門外與人握手。Don’tshakehandsforthefourcross-cutting.切忌四人交叉握手。Whenyoumeetawomanforthefirsttime,youdon’tshakehandsbutbow.Don’tshakehandswithwomentoohard.第一次和女士見(jiàn)面，不用握手，而是鞠躬。和女士握手不要太用力。BusinessgreetingtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國(guó)Informalbusinessoccasions(reception,visit,banquet,etc.),menusuallywearathree-piecesuitandtie.Womenweareveningdressesorsuitsandshoeswithheels.在正式商務(wù)場(chǎng)合（會(huì)客、拜訪、宴會(huì)等），男士一般穿穿三件套式西裝，打領(lǐng)帶，女士要穿晚禮服或者套裝以及有跟的鞋子。BusinessdresstaboosintheUKNostripedtiesinformal

occasions.正式場(chǎng)合，不要戴條紋領(lǐng)帶。Informaloccasions,suitscan‘tgowithsports

shoes.在正式場(chǎng)合，西裝不能和運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋搭配。striped

tie

條紋領(lǐng)帶sports

shoes運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋2.TheUK英國(guó)BusinessgesturetaboosintheUKDon’tmakeV-shape

with

yourbackofhand

outward.做V手勢(shì)時(shí)，不能手背向外。Don’t

smile

behind

your

hands.不要捂嘴笑。Don’tstandtooclosetoeachotherorputyourhandsontheother’sshoulder.不要距離對(duì)方太近或者把手放在對(duì)方肩膀上。Don’tcrossyourlegs.不要翹“二郎腿”。2.TheUK英國(guó)IfyouinviteBritonsouttodinner,it'sbettertoincludepeoplewiththesamebackgroundandsimilarprofessionallevelinthelist.如果邀請(qǐng)英國(guó)人出去用餐，名單中最好包括背景相同、專業(yè)層次相似的人物。Nocigarettesindinner.宴會(huì)上不準(zhǔn)吸煙。Nofoodmadefromanimalblood.忌食動(dòng)物血類食物。Don'tputyourelbowsonthetable.不要將肘部放在餐桌上。BusinessdiningtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國(guó)Talkabouttheweatherandsports.可以談?wù)撎鞖夂瓦\(yùn)動(dòng)。Usemorepoliteexpressionsandsentencepatterns,suchas"please","thankyou",“Excuseme”,"MayIhavethehonor..."交談中要多用禮貌用語(yǔ)及句式，如“請(qǐng)”，“謝謝”，“抱歉”，"我能榮幸地請(qǐng)您.....?Don’ttalkaboutpersonallifelikefamily,salary,religion,marriageortheBritishmonarchyorpolitics.家庭，收入，宗教，婚姻等個(gè)人私事，皇室以及政治等話題都不要談?wù)?。BusinesstalktaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國(guó)Gift-givingintheUKBritish

people

usually

don't

exchange

gifts

in

businesssituations.英國(guó)人在商務(wù)場(chǎng)合下通常不交換禮物。When

youare

invited

to

an

English

home,

bring

a

smallgifttothe

hostess.當(dāng)你被邀請(qǐng)到英國(guó)人家里做客時(shí)，要帶一份小禮物給女主人。You

can

send

flowers,

chocolate,

wine,

champagne

orbooks.可以送鮮花、巧克力、葡萄酒、香檳或者書籍。When

the

host

or

hostess

receives

the

gift,

he

or

she

willoopenit

mmediately.當(dāng)主人收到禮物時(shí)，會(huì)馬上打開禮物。Don'tsendtheBritishwhiteliliesorchrysanthemums.不要送白色百合和菊花。Don'tgivesouvenirswiththecompanylogoofthegiver.不要送帶有送禮人公司標(biāo)記的紀(jì)念品。Don’tsendclothes,soapandotheritemsrelatedtoprivatelife.不要選擇涉及私生活的服飾、香皂之類的物品當(dāng)作禮物。Don’twrapthegiftwithdarkgreenpaper.不要用墨綠色包裝紙包裝禮物。2.TheUK英國(guó)Gift-givingtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國(guó)Don’tsendgiftswith

patterns

of

elephants,

peacocks orowls

or

these

animals’

decorations

orthe

toys.不要送大象、孔雀或貓頭鷹圖案的禮物或者這些動(dòng)物的裝飾品、玩偶。Gift-givingtaboosintheUK01Profile（國(guó)家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）3.France法國(guó)3.France法國(guó)GeographylocatedinthewestoftheEuropeancontinent法國(guó)位于歐洲大陸西部thelargestcountryinWesternEurope西歐面積最大的國(guó)家01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）MajorCities3.France法國(guó)Capital:Paris首都：巴黎“flowercapitaloftheworld”“世界花卉之都”othermajorcities：Marseille,Lyon其他主要城市：馬賽、里昂01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）3.France法國(guó)PopulationRomanCatholicism羅馬天主教Francehasapopulationof58millionpeople,90%ofwhichareFrench.法國(guó)大約有5800萬(wàn)人口，其中90%為法蘭西人。01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）Economy3.France法國(guó)import&exporttradevolume:the5th進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額為世界第五"countryofgrapes"and"countryofcheese"“葡萄之國(guó)”“奶酪之國(guó)”largestproducerandconsumerofwine全球最大的葡萄酒生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）3.France法國(guó)02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）InFrance,amancouldbecalledMonsieurandawoman

Madame.在法國(guó)，稱呼男士為Monsieur

，稱呼女士為Madame。2.InFrance,peopleusuallygreeteachotherbyshakinghands.Youcangentlyholdeachother'shandsandshakethemafew

times.在法國(guó)，人們見(jiàn)面時(shí)的問(wèn)候方式通常是握手?？梢暂p輕地握住對(duì)方的受，晃動(dòng)幾下就可以了。3.Family,friendsorfamiliarcolleagueskisseachotheronthecheek.家人，朋友或熟悉的同事見(jiàn)面會(huì)親吻雙頰。3.France法國(guó)03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）1.InFrance,appointmentforbusinessnegotiationsmustbemadeinadvance,andmakesuretoattendontime.在法國(guó)，商務(wù)談判一定要提前預(yù)約，并努力做到準(zhǔn)時(shí)。2.Frenchpeoplehaveastrongsenseofnationalpride.ItisbetterfornegotiatorstomasterFrench,orhaveaFrenchtranslatorparticipateinthenegotiation.法國(guó)人有很強(qiáng)的民族自豪感。談判代表最好精通法語(yǔ)，或者請(qǐng)一名法語(yǔ)翻譯參與到談判中。Frenchareoftenlessinterestedinnewideasandnewproducts.Inthiscase,youshouldkeepcalmandpoliteandexplainthevalueoftheideaorproducttothem.法國(guó)人往往表現(xiàn)出對(duì)新觀念、新產(chǎn)品不接受的態(tài)度。對(duì)此，你應(yīng)該保持冷靜和禮貌，向?qū)Ψ秸f(shuō)明想法或產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值。3.France法國(guó)ForFrenchpeople,verbalagreementsarenotbinding.對(duì)于法國(guó)人，口頭協(xié)議沒(méi)有約束力。03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）Frenchseldommakedecisionsduringthemeeting;insteadtheyprefertoconductthoroughanddetailedanalysisoneveryaspectafterthenegotiation,whichoftentakesalongtime.Sodon'tpushthemtomakeadecision.法國(guó)人很少在會(huì)議中做出決定，而是在談判后對(duì)每個(gè)方面進(jìn)行透徹詳細(xì)的分析與討論，這往往要花費(fèi)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。因此不要催促對(duì)方做決定。3.France法國(guó)03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）FortheFrench,dinnerisagoodtimetoenjoyfoodandwine.YoucantalkaboutFrenchculture,traditionandpoliticsatthistime,butdon'ttalkabout

business.對(duì)法國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),晚餐是一種享受美食、美酒的好時(shí)機(jī),可以在這個(gè)時(shí)候

跟法國(guó)人聊聊法國(guó)的文化、傳統(tǒng)和政治，但是不要在這時(shí)談生意。3.France法國(guó)CookingisconsideredasanartinFrance,soFrenchpayspecialattentiontotablemanners.在法國(guó)，烹飪是一種藝術(shù)，因此法國(guó)人特別注重餐桌禮儀。04.BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）IfyouareinvitedtoaFrenchfamily,youcantakeflowersandexquisitechocolates.如果你被邀請(qǐng)去法國(guó)人家中做客，可以為主人送上鮮花，精美的巧克力。Guestsdon'thavetobringwine,becausehostsusuallyliketochoosetheirown.客人不必帶酒，因?yàn)橹魅送ǔＯ矚g自己選擇酒。Afterthedinner,youcanwriteathank-youlettertothehostthenextday,orsendflowersorfruitbasketstoexpressyourgratitude.參加完晚宴后，可以在第二天給主人寫一封感謝信，或者送上鮮花或水果籃表示感謝。3.France法國(guó)05.BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）01Profile（國(guó)家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）4.Germany德國(guó)

4.Germany德國(guó)

GeographylocatedinthemiddleofEurope德國(guó)位于歐洲中部alargelytemperateseasonalclimate溫和的海洋性氣候Capital：Berlinothermajor首都為柏林Cities：Munich,CologneandFrankfurt

慕尼黑、科隆、法蘭克福等01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）totheeastoftheAtlanticOcean大西洋東部MajorCities4.Germany德國(guó)

Germanyhasapopulationofmorethan80million,mainlyGermanethnicity.

德國(guó)人口約有8000多萬(wàn)，主要民族為德意志人。Christian基督教two-thirds—Protestant三分之二信奉新教01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）

one-third—Catholic三分之一信奉天主教PopulationReligion4.Germany德國(guó)

02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）InGermany,amancouldbecalledHerrandawoman

Frau.在德國(guó)，稱呼男士為Herr，稱呼女士為Frau.2.Germanpeopleshakehandswhentheymeetorsaygoodbye.德國(guó)人在見(jiàn)面和告別時(shí)都可能握手。3.Indailylife,relativesandfriendscankissonthecheekwhentheygreeteachother.Butinbusinesssituation,peopleusuallyshakehandsinsteadofkissing.日常生活中，親們朋友相互問(wèn)候時(shí)可以親吻臉頰。但商業(yè)場(chǎng)合中，通常以握手問(wèn)候，而不是親吻。4.Germany德國(guó)

03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）Germansareverypunctual,soyou’dbetternotbelateforthemeeting.Andit'sbettertoarrivein

advance.德國(guó)人非常守時(shí)，因此參加會(huì)議時(shí)千萬(wàn)不能遲到。最好提前到達(dá)會(huì)場(chǎng)。MostseniormanagerscanspeakEnglish.EitherGermanorEnglishcanbeusedinbusiness

negotiation.大多數(shù)高級(jí)管理人員都能進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)會(huì)話。商務(wù)談判中可以使用德語(yǔ)也可以使用英語(yǔ)。4.Germany德國(guó)

03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）3.Germansareseriousandefficient.Thedetailedproceduresofthemeetingareoftenformulatedaccuratelyandindetail,andthenstrictlyfollowed.德國(guó)人嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，講究效率。往往會(huì)把會(huì)議的細(xì)節(jié)程序精確而詳細(xì)地制定出來(lái)，并且嚴(yán)格地遵循。4.Germanspreferanalyticalthinkingandrationalexplanation.Inbusinessnegotiation,makesuretoprovidesolidfactstosupportyourargumentinformsofcharts,statistics,etc.德國(guó)人傾向于分析思維和理性解釋。在商務(wù)談判中，要注意提供確鑿的事實(shí)來(lái)支撐你的論點(diǎn)，最好提供圖表、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)等。4.Germany德國(guó)

04.BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）Germancuisineismostfamousforsausagesand

beer.德國(guó)的美食以香腸和啤酒最為著名。Germansusuallyentertainbusinesspartnersinrestaurants.Buttheydon'ttalkaboutbusinessatdinner,theyseeitasagoodtimetobuilda

relationship.德國(guó)人一般會(huì)在餐館宴請(qǐng)商務(wù)伙伴。但是他們不會(huì)在吃飯時(shí)談生意，而是把吃飯當(dāng)成一個(gè)建立關(guān)系的好時(shí)機(jī)。UseWesterntablewareallthe

time.進(jìn)餐過(guò)程中要一直用西餐餐具。4.Germany德國(guó)

05.BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）1.InGermany,businesspartnersdonotattachmuchimportancetogifts.Ifyouwanttogivegifts,choosehighqualityandinexpensivesmallgifts,suchaspens,wineandsoon.在德國(guó)，商務(wù)伙伴之間不太重視禮品饋贈(zèng)。如果要贈(zèng)送禮物，注意選擇質(zhì)量好又不貴的小禮物，如鋼筆、酒等等。2.Whengivingflowers,rememberthatredrosesaresentbycouples,CallaandLilyareusedforfuneral.Thenumberofflowerscannotbe13.送花時(shí)要記住，紅玫瑰是情侶間送的，馬蹄蓮和百合是葬禮上用的?；ǖ臄?shù)量不能是13。01Profile（國(guó)家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）5.Spain西班牙atthecrossroadsoftheAtlanticandMediterranean,EuropeandAfrica

地處大西洋和地中海、歐洲和非洲的十字路口the2ndlargestcountryinWesternEuropeandtheEU西歐和歐盟的第二大國(guó)家officiallanguage:Spanish

官方語(yǔ)言為西班牙語(yǔ)threeregionalofficiallanguages:Catalan,BasqueandGalician

三種地區(qū)級(jí)官方語(yǔ)言：加泰羅尼亞語(yǔ)，巴斯克語(yǔ)和

加利西亞語(yǔ)5.Spain西班牙01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）GeographyLanguageamulti-ethniccountry,composedofmorethan20ethnicities

一個(gè)多民族國(guó)家，由二十多個(gè)民族組成friendlyresidents,relaxedlifestyle,attractivefood,energeticnightlifeandworld-famousfolklore友好的居民、輕松的生活方式、誘人的美食、充

滿活力的夜生活5.Spain西班牙apopulationof48million,96%ofwhichareCatholic西班牙有約4800萬(wàn)人，96%的居民信奉天主教01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）PopulationCulture5.Spain西班牙SportsplayanimportantroleinSpanishlife.Spaniardsliketoplayandwatchfootball.Almosteverytownhassomefootballfields.02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）5.Spain西班牙02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）BullfightingisquitepopularinSpain.Itisregardedasaspectacleofthecountry,asymbolofcourage,wisdom,graceandwill.5.Spain西班牙03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）1.Spaniardsprefertogettoknoweachotherbeforetheystartabusinessrelationship.Anymeetingusuallystartswithadiscussionofgeneraltopicstoconnectwitheachotheratapersonalleveltobuildastrongworkingrelationship.西班牙人更喜歡在開始商業(yè)關(guān)系之前了解對(duì)方。任何會(huì)議通常都會(huì)從討論一般性話題開始，并在個(gè)人層面上相互聯(lián)系，以建立穩(wěn)固的工作關(guān)系。2.Inmanycases,socialrelationscanplayaroleofguarantee,orevenreplacethewrittencontract.在很多情況下，社會(huì)關(guān)系可以起到擔(dān)保作用，甚至可以取代書面合同。5.Spain西班牙03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）3.Spaniardsareafraidoflosingface,sotheydon'tadmitthattheyhavedifficultyunderstandinginfrontofothers.Therefore,itisbetterforeachpersontohaveamanuscriptwritteninSpanishduringthenegotiation,whichwillbeveryhelpfulforthemtounderstand.西班牙人害怕丟面子，所以他們不會(huì)在他人面前承認(rèn)自己理解起來(lái)有困難。因此在談判中最好每人提供一份用西班牙語(yǔ)寫的文稿，會(huì)非常有助于他們理解。5.Spain西班牙04.BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）InSpain,alotofbusinessagreementisreachedatlunch,anddinnerisoftenforentertainmentorcelebration.在西班牙，許多生意都是在午餐時(shí)談成的，晚餐往往是為了娛樂(lè)或慶祝。Throughlunchconversation,youcangettoknowyourbusinesspartners.Topicscaninvolvepersonalissues,familiesandsoon.通過(guò)午餐談話，你可以了解你的生意伙伴，話題可以涉及個(gè)人、家庭等等。05.BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）5.Spain西班牙1.ForSpaniards,giftsareawayofshowingrespect,notbribery.對(duì)西班牙人來(lái)說(shuō)，送禮是一種表示尊敬的方式，而不是賄賂。2.Youcanchoosegiftsfromyourowncountryorregion,suchaswine,tieandscarf.送禮物時(shí)，可以選擇來(lái)自自己國(guó)家或地區(qū)的禮品，如酒、領(lǐng)帶和圍巾。3.Ifyoureceiveawrappedgift,youshouldopenitimmediatelyandexpressgratitude.Youcanalsowriteathank-youletterafterwards.如果你收到一個(gè)有包裝的禮物，應(yīng)該立即打開并表示感謝，也可以事后給對(duì)方寫一封感謝信。6.Portugal葡萄牙01Profile（國(guó)家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問(wèn)候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請(qǐng)）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈(zèng)）Geography6.Portugal葡萄牙IberianPeninsulainsouthwesternEurope歐洲西南部的伊比利亞半島Northernpart:temperatemarineclimate北部：溫帶海洋性氣候Southernpart:Mediterraneanclimate南部：地中海氣候01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）Capital：Lisbon里斯本Officiallanguage：Portuguese官方語(yǔ)言為葡萄牙語(yǔ)Religion：Catholicism宗教：天主教Cuture6.Portugal葡萄牙01.Profile（國(guó)家概況）6.Portugal葡萄牙服裝（clothing）鞋（shoes）紡織品（anthropological）紙制品（p