2025屆湖北省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷【含答案解析】

湖北省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2025屆高三第一次聯(lián)考高三英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whendoesthemanhavetogettoschool?A.In50minutes.B.In30minutes.C.In20minutes.2.Whatisthehouselike?A.Itismainlymadeofwood.B.Itdoesn’thaveastudy.C.Itistoooldtolivein.3.Whydoesthewomansuggesttheygohomenow?A.Shehastogetupearly.B.Theyaren’thavingfun.C.Therestaurantisclosing.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theamountofwaterintheriver.B.Therecentweatherevents.C.Thelocalswimmingpool.5.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Understanding.B.Excited.C.Upset.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatismostlikelythewoman’sprimaryconcern?A.Themanisn’tcompletingasufficientnumberofsales.B.Themanhasapoorattitudetowardshisco-workers.C.Themanisalwayslateforwork.7.Howwillthewomanmainlysupporttheman?A.Byofferinghimabetterposition.B.Byallowinghimtowatchherdoherwork.C.Byhavinghimworkwiththebestsalesman.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whodothelittledogsbelongto?A.Thewoman’sparents.B.Thewoman’sneighbor.C.Theman’sclassmate.9.Howmanydogsdoesthemanalreadyown?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.10.Whatisthemangoingtodoafterschool?A.Seesomeanimals.B.Playbasketball.C.Takeashower.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Clothesdesignerandactor.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.12.Whatwasthemantryingtobuyatfirst?A.Food.B.Clothes.C.Flowers.13.HowwillthewomancontactCindy?A.Byemail.B.Byphone.C.Byletter.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabathroom.B.Inalivingroom.C.Inabedroom.15.Whichcountryhasnationalclothescalleda“dirndl”?A.England.B.Germany.C.Finland.16.WhatpartoftheSámidoll’ssetismissing?A.Histrousers.B.Hisshirt.C.Hishat.17.Whatarethespeakerslookingfor?A.Adress.B.Atextbook.C.Adoll.聽第10段材料，回答第18至26題。18.Whatistheconcernmentionedinthetalk?A.Peoplearehavingtroubleconcentrating.B.Peoplearegettingmorebraindiseases.C.Peoplearebecomingconfusedbynewtechnology.19.Whatarepeopleprobablybetteratnowthanbefore?A.Writingshortstoriesonline.B.Understandinglongmovieswell.C.Reviewingplentyofinformationfast.20.Howhavewebsiteschangedaccordingtosomerecentstudies?A.Theyhavebecomemoreattractive.B.Theyhavebecomestranger.C.Theyhavebecomesmaller.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheJaneGoodallInstitute’s(JGI)InternationalVolunteerProgramgivesvolunteersfromalloverthewordtheopportunitytoparticipateinRoots&Shoots(R&S)programinAfrica.Currently,volunteersarebeingplacedinTanzania.Placementsoccurtwiceayear.Eachpositionrequiresaminimumcommitmentofsixmonths.Keyresponsibilities:●ManageanewpilotprojectcreatingenvironmentalplanswithR&Sschools.●Supportschool-basedenvironmentalprojects,includingcomposting,gardeningandsoilmaintenance.●MaintainadatabaseofR&Salumni(校友)andorganizealumnigatherings.Idealcandidateswill:●Possessanundergraduateorgraduateuniversitydegreeoraminimumoffouryears’workexperience.●Haveaninterestinyouthleadershipandenvironmentalservicelearning.●Becomfortabletravelingtoandworkingindependentinruralareas.●BeproficientinEnglishand/orinSwahili(斯瓦西里語(yǔ)).It’shelpfultobeginSwahililessonspriortoarrival.●Havegoodwritingandinterpersonalskills,alongwiththeabilitytohandlemultipleprojectssimultaneously(同時(shí)地)withahighlevelofattentiontodetail.●PriorexperiencelivingorworkinginAfricaoradevelopingcountryisaplus.●Possessavaliddriver’slicense.Travel:VolunteerswillbeexpectedtotraveltoR&Sfieldsitesonaregularbasis.Allwork-relatedtravelexpenseswillbecoveredbytheJGI.Therewillbenovacationorannualleavetimeawardedtothisposition.Fees:ThetotalfeeforthispositionisUSD7,000.A30%nonrefundabledepositisduesixweeksbeforedeparture,withtheremaining70%duetwoweeksbeforedeparture.Includedinthefee:√Accommodation√BasicSwahililanguagelessons√Localtravelandcommunication√Programtrainingandmaterials√WorkvisaHowtoapply:Clickthelinkbelowtouploadyourcoverletterandresume.Pleasenotethatduetothehighnumberofapplicationsandinquiriesonlyqualifiedapplicantswillbecontactedforaninterview.1.Accordingtothearticle,youmust________ifyouwanttoparticipateinJaneGoodall’sRoots&Shootsprogram.A.beauniversitygraduate B.beanexperienceddriverC.beabletoworkinruralareas D.haveexperienceinworkinginAfrica2.Accordingtothearticle,volunteersfortheprogramwouldbeexpectedto________.①multitaskwhilebeingdetail-oriented②learnthelocallanguage③workinTanzaniaforsixmonths④getinvolvedinsocialgatheringsA.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.①③④3.Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A.Thepositionisavailableeverytwoyears.BOnlyafewpeoplewillapplyfortheposition.C.Candidatescanapplythroughmultiplechannels.D.Thepositiondoesn’tincludevacationorannualleave.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了珍·古道爾研究會(huì)組織的非洲“根與芽”志愿者項(xiàng)目，涵蓋主要職責(zé)、候選人條件、差旅、費(fèi)用和申請(qǐng)方式等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Idealcandidateswill下第三點(diǎn)“Becomfortabletravelingtoandworkingindependentinruralareas.(能適應(yīng)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)獨(dú)立出差和工作)”可知，如果你想?yún)⒓舆@個(gè)項(xiàng)目，你必須能夠在農(nóng)村工作。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Currently,volunteersarebeingplacedinTanzania.(目前，志愿人員正在坦桑尼亞工作)”和“Eachpositionrequiresaminimumcommitmentofsixmonths.(每個(gè)職位至少需要六個(gè)月的工作時(shí)間)”、Idealcandidateswill下第四點(diǎn)“BeproficientinEnglishand/orinSwahili(斯瓦西里語(yǔ)).It’shelpfultobeginSwahililessonspriortoarrival.(精通英語(yǔ)和/或斯瓦西里語(yǔ)。在到達(dá)之前開始斯瓦希里語(yǔ)課程是很有幫助的)”和第五點(diǎn)“Havegoodwritingandinterpersonalskills,alongwiththeabilitytohandlemultipleprojectssimultaneously(同時(shí)地)withahighlevelofattentiontodetail.(有良好的寫作和人際交往能力，能夠同時(shí)處理多個(gè)項(xiàng)目，并對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)高度關(guān)注)”可知，該項(xiàng)目的志愿者將被要求在注重細(xì)節(jié)的同時(shí)進(jìn)行多任務(wù)處理，學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言，在坦桑尼亞工作六個(gè)月。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Travel部分中“Therewillbenovacationorannualleavetimeawardedtothisposition.(該職位將不提供假期或年假)”可知，這個(gè)職位不包括假期或年假。故選D項(xiàng)。BAsachild,MateoDeLaRochadreamedofworkingasagarbageman.Inhishomecity,trashpileswereeverywhere.Thelocalsanitationworkerwastheonlypersoncleaningupthepollution.DeLaRocha’sfamilylatermovedtotheUnitedStates.Nowasahighschoolsenior,hehasfoundauniquewaytotacklepollution:Alongwithtwofriends,heraised$11,000topluganabandonedoilwellinOhiothatwasleakinggasclosetoabarnonahorsefarm.Asmanyas3.9millionabandonedandagingoilandgaswellsarespreadacrosstheU.S.,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),andatleast126,000ofthesewellsare“orphans”.Thismeansthereisnoownerorcompanytobeheldresponsibleforthem.TheEPAestimatesthatabandonedwellscollectivelyreleased303,000tonnesofmethanein2022.That’sroughlyequivalenttotheannualcarbondioxideemissionsof23gas-burningpowerplants.AftercompletinghisAPEnvironmentalScienceclass,DeLaRocharealizedtheissueofabandonedwellswassomethingforwhichindividualscouldpotentiallymakeadifference.Hetheninvitedtwoclassmates,SebastianNgandLilaGisondi,tojoinhim.“WhenMateoapproachedmeaboutthis,Ilookedintothesemethanewellsandwhatwecoulddoaboutthem,”Ngsaid.“Itkindofflippedaswitch.”Previously,hehadfelthelplessaboutclimatechangebutwouldsimplyjokeabouttheworldending.ForGisondi,talkingwithherfriendsaboutthesemethane-emittingwellsbroughtclimatechangefromthebackofhermindtotheforefront.“ItwassomethingthatIfeltIcouldactuallyhelpwith,”shesaid.Aftermoreresearch,thetrioconnectedwithTheWellDoneFoundation(WDF),anonprofitorganizationspecializinginpluggingorphanedwells.TheorganizationwasfoundedbyCurtisShuck,aveteranoftheoilandgasindustry.Since2019,hisorganizationhassurveyedmorethan1,700abandonedwellsnationwideandplugged44ofwhattheyidentifiedasthemostproblematicones.OnMay23,contractorspouredthecementtoplugtheorphanedwellinOhio.Withtheinitialsuccess,DeLaRocha,NgandGisondiarenowmoreconfidentaboutthefutureoftheircause.4.WhatinspiredDeLaRocha’sinterestinenvironmentalissuesinitially?A.TheWellDoneFoundation’swork. B.HisAPEnvironmentalScienceclass.C.Thepollutionandlackofhelptoaddressinhometown. D.Hisfamily’smovetoAmerica.5.Pluggingabandonedoilwellscanhelptofightclimatechangebecauseit____________.AstopsmethanefromleakingintotheatmosphereB.preventspollutionofnearbyfarmsC.helpsreducecarbondioxideemissionsD.encouragesoilcompaniestomanagetheirwellsresponsibly6.Del.aRocha’sproposalmadehisfriendsfeel____________.A.disappointedwithenvironmentalorganizationsB.uncertainabouttheirabilitytomakeadifferenceC.motivatedtocontinuetheirenvironmentalstudiesD.confidentabouttheirpersonalimpactonclimatechange7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.DeLaRocha’schildhooddream.B.Threeteens’uniquesolutiontoclimatechange.C.TheimpactofU.S.environmentalorganizations.D.Oilcompanies’approachtomanagingabandonedoilwells.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了三個(gè)青少年通過廢棄的油井來應(yīng)對(duì)環(huán)境污染問題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asachild,MateoDeLaRochadreamedofworkingasagarbageman.Inhishomecity,trashpileswereeverywhere.Thelocalsanitationworkerwastheonlypersoncleaningupthepollution.(馬特奧·德拉·羅查小時(shí)候夢(mèng)想成為一名清潔工。在他的家鄉(xiāng)，到處都是垃圾堆。當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)衛(wèi)工人是唯一清理污染的人)”可知，家鄉(xiāng)的污染和缺乏幫助激發(fā)了德拉·羅查對(duì)環(huán)境問題的興趣。故選C。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Nowasahighschoolsenior,hehasfoundauniquewaytotacklepollution:Alongwithtwofriends,heraised$11,000topluganabandonedoilwellinOhiothatwasleakinggasclosetoabarnonahorsefarm.(現(xiàn)在，作為一名高中畢業(yè)生，他找到了一種獨(dú)特的方法來解決污染問題：他和兩個(gè)朋友一起籌集了1.1萬美元，用于封堵俄亥俄州一個(gè)馬場(chǎng)谷倉(cāng)附近的一座廢棄油井，該油井正在泄漏天然氣)”可知，堵住廢棄的油井可以幫助應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，因?yàn)樗梢宰柚辜淄樾孤┑酱髿庵?。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Withtheinitialsuccess,DeLaRocha,NgandGisondiarenowmoreconfidentaboutthefutureoftheircause.(有了最初的成功，德拉羅查、吳恩達(dá)和吉松迪現(xiàn)在對(duì)他們事業(yè)的未來更有信心了)”可知，他的提議讓他的朋友們對(duì)自己對(duì)氣候變化的影響充滿信心。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“AftercompletinghisAPEnvironmentalScienceclass,DeLaRocharealizedtheissueofabandonedwellswassomethingforwhichindividualscouldpotentiallymakeadifference.Hetheninvitedtwoclassmates,SebastianNgandLilaGisondi,tojoinhim.(在完成AP環(huán)境科學(xué)課程后，DeLaRocha意識(shí)到廢棄井的問題是一個(gè)個(gè)人可以發(fā)揮作用的問題。然后，他邀請(qǐng)了兩位同學(xué)SebastianNg和LilaGisondi加入他的行列)”可知，文章主要介紹了三個(gè)青少年對(duì)氣候變化的獨(dú)特解決方案。故選B。CAtamuseuminVietnam,LenaBui’sfilmWhereBirdsDanceTheirLastreflectedonthevulnerabilityofVietnamesefeatherfarmsafterBirdFlu.DuringafestivalinRwanda,EllenReid’saudioexperienceSoundwalkwassharedinahopefuldiscussionaboutmusicandmentalhealth.Overtheyears,Ihavebeenworkingattheintersectionofscientificresearchandtheartstosupportscienceinsolvingglobalhealthchallenges.Scienceisn’ttheonlykeytoaddressingtheseissues.Toachieveitspotentialandreachallwhocouldbenefit,sciencedependsontrustandgoodrelationships.Peoplemightnotalwaysseescienceasrelevant,trustworthyormeaningfultotheirlives.Therearereasonswhysomeseescienceashavingachequeredpast,fromnuclearweaponstoeugenics,andarethereforeuninterestedin,orsuspiciousof,whatitproposes.Scienceispowerfultobuilduponandtestanevidencebase,butresearchersandfundershaven’tbeenasgoodatensuringthisevidencebaserespondstotheneedsandinterestsofdiversecommunities,orinformspolicymakerstotakeaction.Sciencemightbeperceivedasdistancingitselffromthepersonal,thepoeticandthepolitical,yetitisthesequalitiesthatcanbemostinfluential—whenitcomestopublicinterestinatopicorhowagovernmentprioritizesadecision.Amovingstorywelltoldcanbemorememorablethanalistoffacts.Thisiswheretheartscomein.Artistsgiveusdifferentperspectiveswithwhichtoconsiderandreimaginetheworldtogether.Theycanredresstheproclaimedobjectivityinsciencebybringingstories—subjectivities—intothepicture,andthesecanhelpfoster,asenseofconnectionandhope.In2012,Isetupartistresidenciesinmedicalresearchcentresaroundtheworld.ButIwasattachedtoClinicalResearchUnitinVietnam.Theheadoftheresearchteamwasdelighted,findingthatasaVietnameseartist,ButIhadlicensetobein,andtoshareusefulinsightsfromvillageswhereinfectiousdiseaseresearchersweren’twelcome.Sixyearslater,IledWellcome’sContagiousCitiesprogram,whichestablishedartistresidenciesworldwidetosupportlocallyledexplorationsofepidemicpreparedness.Withpandemic,climateandmentalhealthcrisesuponus,neverhastherebeenmoreneedtobuildandnurturehopefulandimaginativespacestogrowhumanconnectionandsharedpurposeforthecommongood.Scienceandtheartscanworkhandinglovetoachievethis.8.TheauthorliststwoworksinParagraph1mainlyto.A.showthatsciencecanbepromotedinartformsB.provehiscompetenceinbothscienceandartC.revealthegapbetweenscienceandartD.introducesuccessfulscience-relatedartworks9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“chequered”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Usualandunusual. B.Recentandremote.C.Goodandbad. D.Peacefulandscary.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragree?A.Policy-makersbasetheirdecisionsonscience.B.Researcherspopularizescienceeffectively.C.Scienceiswellreceivedamongthepublic.D.Scienceandtheartshelppeoplebuildconnectionsjointly.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhereDoScienceandtheArtsMeet? B.TheValueoftheArtstoScienceC.ANewWaytoFightPandemic—theArts D.WhichMattersMore,ScienceortheArts?【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)可以通過藝術(shù)形式得到推廣，解釋了藝術(shù)和科學(xué)之間的關(guān)系和聯(lián)系?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AtamuseuminVietnam,LenaBui’sfilmWhereBirdsDanceTheirLastreflectedonthevulnerabilityofVietnamesefeatherfarmsafterBirdFlu.DuringafestivalinRwanda,EllenReid’saudioexperienceSoundwalkwassharedinahopefuldiscussionaboutmusicandmentalhealth.Overtheyears,Ihavebeenworkingattheintersectionofscientificresearchandtheartstosupportscienceinsolvingglobalhealthchallenges.(在越南的一個(gè)博物館里，LenaBui的電影《鳥兒跳舞的最后一刻》反映了禽流感后越南羽毛農(nóng)場(chǎng)的脆弱性。在盧旺達(dá)的一個(gè)節(jié)日里，EllenReid的音頻體驗(yàn)Soundwalk在一個(gè)關(guān)于音樂和心理健康的充滿希望的討論中被分享。多年來，我一直在科學(xué)研究和藝術(shù)的交叉點(diǎn)工作，以支持科學(xué)解決全球衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn))”可知，作者在第一段中列舉了兩部作品，主要是為了表明科學(xué)可以通過藝術(shù)形式得到推廣。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“fromnuclearweaponstoeugenics,andarethereforeuninterestedin,orsuspiciousof,whatitproposes(從核武器到優(yōu)生學(xué)，有些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)有著chequered的過去，因此對(duì)它提出的東西不感興趣或持懷疑態(tài)度，這是有原因的)”可知，后文提到因?yàn)楹宋淦骱蛢?yōu)生學(xué)等話題，科學(xué)有著好的和壞的過去，因此對(duì)它提出的東西不感興趣或持懷疑態(tài)度，這是有原因的。由此可知，劃線詞chequered意思是“好的和壞的”。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Amovingstorywelltoldcanbemorememorablethanalistoffacts.Thisiswheretheartscomein.Artistsgiveusdifferentperspectiveswithwhichtoconsiderandreimaginetheworldtogether.Theycanredresstheproclaimedobjectivityinsciencebybringingstories—subjectivities—intothepicture,andthesecanhelpfoster,asenseofconnectionandhope.(一個(gè)感人的故事講得好比一串事實(shí)更令人難忘。這就是藝術(shù)發(fā)揮作用的地方。藝術(shù)家為我們提供了不同的視角，讓我們一起思考和重新想象這個(gè)世界。他們可以通過將故事——主觀性——帶入畫面來糾正科學(xué)中宣稱的客觀性，這些可以幫助培養(yǎng)一種聯(lián)系感和希望)”可知，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)和藝術(shù)共同幫助人們建立聯(lián)系。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Withpandemic,climateandmentalhealthcrisesuponus,neverhastherebeenmoreneedtobuildandnurturehopefulandimaginativespacestogrowhumanconnectionandsharedpurposeforthecommongood.Scienceandtheartscanworkhandinglovetoachievethis.(面對(duì)流行病、氣候和心理健康危機(jī)，我們從來沒有像現(xiàn)在這樣需要建立和培育充滿希望和想象力的空間，以加強(qiáng)人與人之間的聯(lián)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同利益的共同目標(biāo)?？茖W(xué)和藝術(shù)可以攜手合作來實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo))”可知，文章主要說明了作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)可以通過藝術(shù)形式得到推廣，解釋了藝術(shù)和科學(xué)之間的關(guān)系和聯(lián)系。由此可知，B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)對(duì)科學(xué)的價(jià)值”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。DItisimpossibletocatchupwithlight.Lighttravelsat300millionmetreseverysecond,butifyouchasedafteritat299millionm/s,itwouldstillbeleavingyouat300millionm/s,notatthe1millionm/s(strictlyspeaking,thelightshouldbetravellingthoughemptyspace).Thatcrazy-soundingideaisthebedrockofAlbertEinstein'sSpecialTheoryofRelativity.TheimplicationsofEinstein'sideaareenormous.Forexample,itmeanstimedoesnotpassatasteadyrateacrosstheUniverseanditbecomespossibleforpeopletoageatdifferentratesdependingonwheretheyareandwhattheyaredoing.“Twinparadox”isanexample,whereanastronautdepartsfromEarth,leavinghertwinbrotherbehind.Shezipsaroundinhersuper-fastspaceshipandthenlandsbackonEarthayearlater,onlytofindthatherbrotherisnowanoldman.ThisisthekindofweirdnessthatmustbetrueifEinsteinisright—thoughwearen'tawareofitbecausewecan'tziparoundfastenough,andsoaretrickedintothinkingtimeismoreconstantthanitactuallyis.Thefactthatamovingclockdoesnotgoaslastasanunmovingoneisquiteeasytodemonstrate.First,imagineaclockmadefromtwoparallelmirrors,betweenwhichaphoton(光子)bouncesbackandforth.Imagineyouhaveoneoftheseclocksinyourhand,andthatyoucanwatchthephotonasitgoesupanddown,countingthebouncesasawayofmeasuringtime.Nowimagineafriendalsohasoneoftheseclocks,butshe’smovinghorizontally.Fromyourpointofview,herphotontracesouttwosidesofatriangleasitbouncesfromonemirrortotheotherandbackagain,travellingfurtherduringeachroundtripthanthephotoninyourclock.Herecomestheweirdbit.AccordingtoEinstein,thelightbouncinginyourfriend’sclockistravellingatthesamespeedasthelightinyourclock,thelightinyourfriend’sclockmusttakelongertobouncebetweenthemirrors.Inotherwords,yourfriend’sclockisrunningslowerthanyours.Thisconclusionmightsoundlikeaspecialfeatureoflightclocks.Butitisn’t.Itisafeatureofallclocks.Tounderstandwhy,weneedtointroduceEinstein’ssecondcrucialidea---anideafirstintroducedbyGalileoGalileiintheearly1600s.12.WhichofthefollowingisthefoundationofSpecialTheoryofRelativity?A.Wecangoalmostasfastaslight. B.Wecanreachthespeedof299millionm/s.C.Lightmovesthroughemptyspace. D.Lighttravelsatafixedspeed.13.Whatdoestheexampleofthe‘twinparadox’illustrate?A.Peoplecouldageatdifferentrates. B.Wecan’tziparoundfastenough.C.Twinsdon’talwayslooksimilar. D.Einstein’sideaisweird.14.Whatdoesthedescriptionofthetwoclocksinparagraph4demonstrate?A.Timeisnotconstant B.ClocksmeasuretimeC.Photonsbouncearound D.Parallelmirrorsdon’texist15.Whatismostlikelytobedealtwithinthefollowingparagraph?A.GalileoGalilei’slifestory. B.Thespecialfeatureofclocks.C.AnotherideaofEinstein’s. D.Eventsthathappenedinthe1600s.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了愛因斯坦狹義相對(duì)論基礎(chǔ)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itisimpossibletocatchupwithlight.Lighttravelsat300millionmetreseverysecond,butifyouchasedafteritat299millionm/s,itwouldstillbeleavingyouat300millionm/s,notatthe1millionm/s(strictlyspeaking,thelightshouldbetravellingthoughemptyspace).Thatcrazy-soundingideaisthebedrockofAlbertEinstein'sSpecialTheoryofRelativity.(要趕上光是不可能的。光以每秒3億米的速度傳播，但如果你以每秒2.99億米的速度追逐它，它留給你的仍然是每秒3億米，而不是每秒100萬米（嚴(yán)格來說，光應(yīng)該是在真空中傳播的）。這個(gè)聽起來很瘋狂的想法是愛因斯坦狹義相對(duì)論的基礎(chǔ))”可知，愛因斯坦狹義相對(duì)論的基礎(chǔ)是光始終以每秒3億米的速度傳播，即它的速度是固定的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子““Twinparadox”isanexample,whereanastronautdepartsfromEarth,leavinghertwinbrotherbehind.Shezipsaroundinhersuper-fastspaceshipandthenlandsbackonEarthayearlater,onlytofindthatherbrotherisnowanoldman.(“雙胞胎悖論”就是一個(gè)例子，一個(gè)宇航員離開地球，留下了她的雙胞胎兄弟。她坐著她的超級(jí)快的宇宙飛船，然后在一年后回到地球，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她的哥哥現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是一個(gè)老人了)”可知，“雙胞胎悖論”的例子說明了人們可能以不同的速度變老。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“ThisisthekindofweirdnessthatmustbetrueifEinsteinisright—thoughwearen'tawareofitbecausewecan'tziparoundfastenough,andsoaretrickedintothinkingtimeismoreconstantthanitactuallyis.(如果愛因斯坦是正確的，這種奇怪的現(xiàn)象一定是正確的——盡管我們沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲覀儫o法足夠快地穿梭，因此誤以為時(shí)間比實(shí)際的時(shí)間更恒定)”可知，第四段兩個(gè)鐘的例子是為了證明上文的觀點(diǎn)：我們誤以為時(shí)間比實(shí)際上更恒定，即時(shí)間不是永恒的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thisconclusionmightsoundlikeaspecialfeatureoflightclocks.Butitisn’t.Itisafeatureofallclocks.Tounderstandwhy,weneedtointroduceEinstein’ssecondcrucialidea—anideafirstintroducedbyGalileoGalileiintheearly1600s.(這個(gè)結(jié)論聽起來像是光鐘的一個(gè)特殊特性。但事實(shí)并非如此。這是所有時(shí)鐘的特點(diǎn)。要理解為什么，我們需要介紹愛因斯坦的第二個(gè)重要觀點(diǎn)——這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是由伽利略在17世紀(jì)初首次提出的)”可推知，在下一段中，作者會(huì)介紹愛因斯坦的另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyinteractionsthesedayshaveakindofbumpercar(碰碰車)qualitytous.______16______Howoftendoweactuallytaketheextrafewsecondstogetasenseofwhat’sinsideotherpeople—especiallytheirgoodqualities?Infact,seeingthegoodinothersisthusasimplebutverypowerfulwaytofeelhappierandmoreconfident,andbecomemorelovingandmoreproductiveintheworld.How?●Slowdown.—______17______Trytospendafewmomentsbeingcuriousaboutthegoodqualitiesintheotherperson.Youareopeningyoureyes,takingoffthesmog-coloredglassesofthenegativitybias,andseeingwhatthefactsreallyare.●______18______—Recently,Iwasatthedentist’s,andherassistanttoldmealongstorytoputmeatease.Ididn’tfeelinterested,butInoticedherunderlyingaims.Trytoseebenevolenceofpeoplearoundyou.Inparticular,sensethelongingtobehappyintheheartofeveryperson.●Seeabilities.—InmyfirstyearatUCLA,Igaveintramuraltouchfootballatry.Inonepractice,ourgreatquarterbacktoldmeinpassing,“You’regood,andI’mgoingtothrowtoyou.”Iwasfloored.Hehadnoideaofitsimpact,yetitwasamajorboosttomysenseofworth.______19______●Recognizethatthegoodyouseeinothersisalsoinyou.Youcouldn’tseethatgoodifyoudidnothaveanideaofwhatitwas.You,too,havepositiveintentions,realabilities,andvirtuesofmindandheart.Thosequalitiesareafact.______20______Youdon’tneedahalotobeatrulygoodperson.Youareatrulygoodperson.A.Seepositivecharactertraits.B.Inthesameway,unseenripplesspreadwhenweseeothers’capacity.C.Takeamomenttoletthatfactsinkin.D.Stepoutofthebumpercar.E.Takeamomenttoobservegoodqualitiesinothers.F.Seepositiveintentions.G.Webounceoffofeachotherandmoveon.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.B20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些看到他人身上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)的方法?！?6題詳解】前文“Manyinteractionsthesedayshaveakindofbumpercar(碰碰車)qualitytous.(如今的許多互動(dòng)對(duì)我們來說都有一種碰碰車的性質(zhì))”提到很多互動(dòng)像碰碰車，因此G項(xiàng)“Webounceoffofeachotherandmoveon.(我們互相碰撞，然后繼續(xù)前進(jìn))”符合語(yǔ)境，解釋相似之處在哪里，承接前文，其中的bounce和前文的bumper-car呼應(yīng)。故選G?！?7題詳解】前文“Slowdown.(慢下來)”表明第一步是慢下來，后文“Trytospendafewmomentsbeingcuriousaboutthegoodqualitiesintheotherperson.Youareopeningyoureyes,takingoffthesmog-coloredglassesofthenegativitybias,andseeingwhatthefactsreallyare.(試著花一些時(shí)間去好奇對(duì)方身上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。你正在睜開眼睛，摘掉消極偏見的煙霧色眼鏡，看到事實(shí)的真相)”建議去探究他人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，用摘眼鏡的比喻指出這樣做的好處，因此D項(xiàng)“Stepoutofthebumpercar.(從碰碰車?yán)锍鰜?”符合語(yǔ)境，指出要從互動(dòng)中抽離，承前啟后，其中的bumpercar呼應(yīng)后文的smog-coloredglasses。故選D?！?8題詳解】空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，且需和其他段首句一樣使用祈使句的形式。后文“Recently,Iwasatthedentist’s,andherassistanttoldmealongstorytoputmeatease.Ididn’tfeelinterested,butInoticedherunderlyingaims.Trytoseebenevolenceofpeoplearoundyou.Inparticular,sensethelongingtobehappyintheheartofeveryperson.(最近，我去看牙醫(yī)，她的助手給我講了一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的故事，讓我放松下來。我不感興趣，但我注意到了她潛在的目的。試著看到你周圍人的善良。尤其是感受每個(gè)人心中對(duì)幸福的渴望)”通過作者看牙醫(yī)的經(jīng)歷，提出要注意到他人的善良和對(duì)幸福的渴望，因此F項(xiàng)“Seepositiveintentions.(看到積極的意圖)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出要注意到積極的意圖，契合段落內(nèi)容。故選F?！?9題詳解】前文“Inonepractice,ourgreatquarterbacktoldmeinpassing,“You’regood,andI’mgoingtothrowtoyou.”Iwasfloored.Hehadnoideaofitsimpact,yetitwasamajorboosttomysenseofworth.(在一次訓(xùn)練中，我們優(yōu)秀的四分衛(wèi)在傳球時(shí)對(duì)我說：“你很棒，我要把球傳給你。”我驚呆了。他不知道它的影響，但它極大地激發(fā)了我的價(jià)值感)”提到四分衛(wèi)對(duì)作者能力的肯定對(duì)他影響很大，激發(fā)了作者的價(jià)值感，因此B項(xiàng)“Inthesameway,unseenripplesspreadwhenweseeothers’capacity.(同樣，當(dāng)我們看到別人的能力時(shí)，看不見的漣漪就會(huì)蔓延開來)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出注意到別人的能力有潛在的巨大影響，承接前文。故選B。【20題詳解】前文“You,too,havepositiveintentions,realabilities,andvirtuesofmindandheart.Thosequalitiesareafact.(你也有積極的意圖，真正的能力，以及思想和心靈的美德。這些品質(zhì)是事實(shí))”指出要意識(shí)到自己身上的美好，因此C項(xiàng)“Takeamomenttoletthatfactsinkin.(花點(diǎn)時(shí)間讓這個(gè)事實(shí)逐漸被接受)”符合語(yǔ)境，提到慢慢接受自己很美好的事實(shí)，承接前文，其中的fact在前一句中有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)JamesonLobb,a24-year-oldinvestmentbankerandhiscollegebuddy,anartificialintelligenceengineernamedRaphaelJafriweresqueezinginalunchtimeworkoutoverlookingtheEastRiver,whenLobbfroze.“Somebody’sinthewater,”hesaid.BeforeJafricould____21____,Lobbclimbedovertherailattheedgeofthebankand____22____intothecoldwaterwithouttakingthetimetoremovehisshoes.WhatLobbhadseenthenwasapersonfloating,____23____.Jafrididn’tneedtoseethevictim.Hejust____24____hisshoesquicklyandswan-dived.Approachingtheunconsciousvictim,Lobbsawthatitwasamiddle-agedman.Hewasbig,around200pounds,respectablydressedand____25____fast.Therescuerdived,feltaround,graspedthemanandkickedupwarduntiltheyboth____26____.Jafriwastherenow.Treadingwater,thetwofriendsfloatedthemanonhisback.AsJafriloopedhisarmsaroundtheman’sshouldersandLobb____27____thehipsandknees,thepairundertooktheslogbacktothebank.Theirlungsheavedandtheirmuscles____28____astheypushedandpulledtheimmobilefigurethroughthebrisk,churningwater.Theymighthavebeenhaulingacorpse.Theman’sskinwasblue,andneitherJafrinorLobb____29____anybreathing.Suddenlythemanstirredbreathingagain,and_____30_____backtonearunconsciousness.Bothmen,_____31_____exhaustedfrom15-plusminutesinthewater—watchedasrescueworkersloadedthenearlydrownedmanintoanambulanceand_____32_____.LobbandJafrineverlearnedwhohewas,whatbecameofhimorhowhe’dfallenintotheriver.Inp