2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期杭州高一英語期末提升卷3

第1頁（共1頁）2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期杭州高一英語期末提升卷3一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2024春?吉安期末）VirginiaFinch，alocalresident，waspreparingThanksgivingmealsforthehomelesswithherdaughterwhensheheardaboutafamilylivingbehindagasstation.（1）todeliveramealtothem，Virginia（2）asightthatwoulddeeplymoveher.Behindthegasstation，VirginiafoundOliviaandEric，alongwiththeirthreeyoungdaughters，aged5years，14months，and4weeks.Thefamilyhadbeentravelingacrossthecountrywhentheir（3）brokedown，leavingthemstranded（被滯留的）and（4）oftheupcomingwinter.（5），Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck.Thefamilywasinavery（6）situation，withlittlehopeforgifts，jobs，orevenenoughfood.Virginiaknewshehadtodomorethanjustprovidea（7）.Determinedtohelp，Virginiadecidedtooffersomething（8）.Virginiahadrecentlyrenovated（翻新）asecondhome，（9）tosellorrentit.（10），uponmeetingthisfamily，shechosetodosomethingremarkable.Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，（11）theirlivescompletelyovernight."Ijustdidn'tthinkitwasreal，"Oliviaexpressed，surprisedbythe（12）.Butitturnsoutthatitwasaveryreal（13）.Virginia'sactofkindnessnotonlyprovidedthefamilywith（14）andsafetybutalsogavethemabeautifulChristmas.Morethanthat，itrestoredtheir（15）inhumanity.（1）A．HesitatingB．DecidingC．PretendingD．Proving（2）A．ranacrossB．dreamedofC．backedupD．showedoff（3）A．tankB．marriageC．truckD．freedom（4）A．capableB．proudC．a(chǎn)shamedD．fearful（5）A．AfterallB．InsecretC．AtlastD．Inpublic（6）A．favorableB．nervousC．happyD．serious（7）A．linkB．guaranteeC．mealD．solution（8）A．similarB．professionalC．a(chǎn)bsoluteD．extraordinary（9）A．whisperingB．happeningC．learningD．intending（10）A．HoweverB．OtherwiseC．SometimesD．Meanwhile（11）A．investingB．creditingC．predictingD．changing（12）A．complexityB．generosityC．emergencyD．highlight（13）A．giftB．dangerC．messD．note（14）A．courageB．warmthC．educationD．reputation（15）A．faithB．sightC．paceD．function二．閱讀理解（共4小題）2．（2024春?豐臺區(qū)期末）StudentVolunteerInternships2023﹣2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships（實習(xí)）areavailableinWashington，D.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's（EPA）OfficeofWater.Youmustbeafull﹣timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfeldsofstudyareencouragedtoapply，includingdegreecandidatesinthefollowingsubjects：?Hydrology，aquaticbiology，marinescience，environmentalengineering，geology，meteorology，soilscience，etc?Publichealth，toxicology，sanitation，environmentaljustice，etc?Publicadministration，finance，management，communications，etcCandidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater﹣healthorpublic﹣healthrelatedfield，includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical，writtenandoralskills，theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam，andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull﹣time（40hoursperweek）orpart﹣time（20hoursperweek）schedule.Participantswillnotbepaid，butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeEPAemployeesduringtheirstay.Applicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis；however，mostprojectswillariseforinternshipopportunitiesduringtheSummerSemester.Pleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.Werecognizethattimeframesmayvaryduetoclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasnecessary.Thegeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows：SummerSemester（lateMaythroughlateAugust）FallSemester（SeptemberthroughDecember）SpringSemester（JanuarythroughApril）Toapply，emailaresume，coverletter，andashortwritingsample（maximum5pages）to：braschayko.kelley@.（1）Accordingtothepassage，applicantsarerequiredto.A.befull﹣timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorinapublic﹣healthrelatedfield（2）WhatwillEPAprovideforthevolunteerinterns？A.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities.（3）Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplyfortheinternship？A.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.C.Workinateamfor12weeks.D.Offerashortwritingsample.3．（2024春?杭州期末）Lifeisbusy.We'realwaysexpectedtobeproductiveandengaged，whetherthat'swithparenting，housework，orwork.Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury（奢侈），thetruthisthatitisnecessaryforimprovingourmentalhealth.AkeypsychologicalideabehindthisisthePremackPrinciple，whichexplainswhytreatingourselvesismorethanatendency；it'sawaytoimproveourdailylives.Inthe1960s，AmericanpsychologistDavidPremackdevelopedatheorynowknownasPremackPrinciple.Heexplainedthatdoingsomethingyou'remorelikelytodocanbearewardfordoingsomethingyoudon'tactuallywanttodo.Forinstance，ifyoufinishataskyou'renotinterestedin，likecleaningthebathroom，youcantreatyourselftosomethingyoulike，suchaswatchinganepisodeofyourfavoriteTVshow.Thisapproachtakesadvantageofournaturalneedforfuntohelpusgetthroughtaskswemightnotenjoy.Recentstudieskeepshowingthatgivingyourselfrewardscanhelpimproveyourworkandhappiness.Forexample，WoolleyandFishbachdiscoveredthatgettingrewardsrightawaycanmakeyoumoremotivatedbecauseitlinkstherewarddirectlywiththetask.What'sinterestingisthatit'snotabouthowbigtherewardisbuthowquicklyyougetitthatmatters.AnotherstudybyLandryandothersfoundit'snottherewarditselfbutratherhowtherewardmakespeoplefeelthathelpsthemdotheirbest.Thismakessensebecauserewardsboostourdopamine（多巴胺）levels，whichplaysakeyroleinhowourbrainsfeelpleasure.Theideaofgivingourselves"littletreats"isnotjustaboutenjoyingsomething；it'sproofofhowpositivereinforcementcanchangeourbehaviorandmakeusfeelbettermentally.BycarefullyusingthePremackPrincipleandrewardingourselves，wecanfindmoremotivation（動機(jī)）tofacechallengesandleadahappierlife.It'sokaytorecognizeandcelebrateourefforts，bigorsmall.So，goahead，giveyourselfthatlittletreat.You'veearnedit.（1）WhatisthePremackPrinciple？A.Atooltoworkoutalong﹣termplan.B.Awaytocompletetaskseffectively.C.Ameanstomakeboringtasksenjoyable.D.Atheorytoexplainhowrewardsimprovehappiness.（2）AccordingtoWoolleyandFishbach，whathelpstoimprovemotivation？A.Thetypeoftasks.B.Theimmediatereward.C.Thesizeofthereward.D.Thelevelofdopamine.（3）Whatmightbea"positivereinforcement"accordingtoparagraph4？A.Acleanup.B.Physicaltraining.C.Graduationceremony.D.Afavouritesnack.（4）Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？A.TheImportanceofProductivityB.MotivationandMentalHealthC.ThePremackPrincipleforLifeD.DopamineandtheBrain'sPleasure4．（2024春?巧家縣期末）Afterageandgenetics（傳性），beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（阿爾茨海默?。?，expertssay，"TwooutofeverythreebrainsaffectedbyAlzheimer'sdiseasearewomen'sbrains，"saidDr，RichardIsaacson，directoroftheAlzheimer'sPreventionClinicintheCenterforBrainHealthatFloridaAtlantic.University'sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now，anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk，Personalizedlifestyleinterventions（干預(yù)）﹣suchasdiet，exercise，stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer'sriskfactorsinbothsexes，buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen."OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovascular（心血管的）disease，"saidIsaacson，whocoauthoredthepaper."Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise，improvedsleepanddiet，andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.Thisstudyclearlystressestheneedforadditionallargerstudiestobeabletobetterpredictthebaselinecognitivetrailinagingfemalesversusmales，"saidRudolphTanzi，aprofessorofneurologyatHarvardMedicalSchool."Asweaimtofindwaystoblockoutthisdiseaseintheearlystage，wewillneedtoknowifpreventionandtreatmentstrategieswillworkequallyonbothmenandwomen.Thisnewstudyclearlybringsusabigstepclosertothatgoal，"Tanziadded.Findingthatwomenwereabletoreducetheirriskevenmorethanmeniswelcomenews，asitprovidesapromisingareaforfuturestudyandgiveshopethatwomencantipthebattleagainstAlzheimer'sintheirfavor."Bytreatingpeopleinanevidencebasedyetsafeway，usingvariouslifestylesandmedicalinterventions，we'veshownthatyoucanreallymakeanimpactonbrainhealth，"hesaid.（1）Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1？A.AgeandgeneticshavenoimpactonAlzheimer's.B.Alzheimer'shasnothingtodowithsexdifference.C.WomenaremorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer'sthanmen.D.BeingawomandecreasesthechanceofdevelopingAlzheimer's.（2）WhatisIsaacson'sattitudetowardsthenewresearch？A.Indifferent.B.Opposed.C.Ignorant.D.Positive.（3）WhatcanaffectbrainhealthaccordingtoTanzi？A.Lifestylechanges.B.Highereducation.C.livingenvironment.D.Personalexperience.（4）Whereisthetextlikelyfrom？A.Anovel.B.Amagazine.C.Abrochure.D.Atravelguide.5．（2024春?畢節(jié)市期末）AustrianbiologistJohannesFritzhasdevotedhiscareertohelpingnorthernbaldibises（禿頭朱鷺），alsocalledWaldrapp.Thisrarespeciesofbirdwascompletelyextinctinthewild50yearsago.However，throughcarefulreintroduce，he'sbeenableto"rewild"277ibisesinhishomecountry.Toensurethattheysurvivethetemperaturesofthewinter，F(xiàn)ritzeventaughtyoungbirdsanewmigration（遷徙）pathfromAustriatoItalywiththehelpofaflyingmachine.Fritzescorted（護(hù)送）thefirstgroupofibisesin2004.However，thatpathhasalreadybeenaffectedbyclimatechange.Afternoticingthatthefirstgroupofibisesfailedtomakethetrip，heandhisteamatWaldrappteamcapturedthebirdsanddrovethemwheretheyneededtogo.Thiswasonlyatemporarysolution，ofcourse.Soonafterward，F(xiàn)ritzwasdesigninganewroutefortheibiseswhichwouldhelpthemavoidthedangersoftheAlps.Usingaspecialthree﹣wheeledvehicle，F(xiàn)ritztookoffwiththebirds.Hetaughtthemanewmigrationpaththatmeasuresabout2，500miles，whichisaboutthreetimeslongerthantheoldroute.RatherthangotoItaly，theibisesnowtraveltoSpain'ssouthernAtlanticcoast.IttakesFritzandthebirdssixweekstomakeaone﹣waytrip.SomemaywonderhowFritzisabletoteachthebirdsinhisflyingmachine，andwhytheibiseschoosetofollowhim.Theanswerisquitesimple.FritzandtheWaldrappteamhavetakengoodcareofthebirds，feedingthemandsupportingthem.Sotheywillinglyfollowhiminthesetrainingsessions，despitenotknowingtheirnewdestination.（1）Whatdoweknowaboutnorthernbaldibises？A.Theyarecommonafterreintroduce.B.TheyalwaysmigratefromAustriatoItaly.C.TheyweresavedbyFritz.D.Theydiedoutinthewild50yearsago.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"captured"inparagraph2mean？A.Caught.B.Fed.C.Setfree.D.Warmup.（3）Howmanymilesdoestheoldmigrationroutemeasureprobably？A.7500.B.625.C.833.D.2500.（4）WhydoibisesaccepthelpfromFritz？A.Theyareawareoftheirdestination.B.Theyarekindandsimple.C.TheyarelookedafterbyFritz.D.Theyareforcedtodothat.三．信息匹配（共1小題）6．（2023秋?鉛山縣校級月考）Atsunamiisanextremelylargewaveintheseacausedbyanearthquakeattheseabed.Thefollowingsafetytipsmayhelpyoudealwithit.BeforethetsunamiKnowthewarningsignsofatsunami：rapidlyrisingorfallingcoastalwaters，aloudnoisefromtheocean，orrumblingsofanearthquake."IfpeoplealongtheIndianOceancoastlineonDecember26，2004，wereawareofthesenaturalwarnings，fewerpeoplewouldhavedied."saysanexpert.（1）Andyou'dbettermapyourevacuation（疏散）route.Duringthetsunami●Ifyou'reinatsunamiareaandthereisanearthquake，firstdroptothefloor，coveryourheadandneck，andholdontosomethingstable.（2）●（3）"Listentotheauthorities，butdonotwaitfortsunamiwarningsandevacuationorders，"suggeststheU.S.siteR.●Peopleoftenmistakethedistancetheyhavetogotobesafe."Manypeoplethinkthey'vegottogomiles，"Richardssays."（4）"Ifyou'reavisitorstayinginatallconcretehotel，headds，goingabovethefourthfloorlikelywillbesaferthanevacuating.●Stayputinasafeareauntilanofficialall﹣clearisgiven.Thefirstwavemaynotbethelastorthestrongestandthedangercanlastforhoursorevendays.AfterthetsunamiFirst，stayclearofdamagedorfloodedareasanddownedpowerlines.Meanwhile，listenforfurtheralertsandinstructionsaboutevacuationzonesandshelters.（5）Phonesystemsarelikelytobedownorbusyatthattime.A．ButitmightbejustrightbehindJohnny'shouse.B．Buttheycanalsocomebackassoonaspossible.C．Ifyou'reinalow﹣lyingarea，moveinlandassoonaspossible.D．Takethewarningsseriously，andstrictlyfollowtherequirements.E．Listenforofficialwarnings，butalsolistenandwatchfornaturalsigns.F．Besides，youshouldbefamiliarwithyourgovernment'swarningsystem.G．You'dbetterusetextsandsocialmediatocommunicatewithlovedones.四．語法填空（共1小題）7．（2024?湖南模擬）Chinahasmany（1）（tradition）festivalssuchastheDragonBoatFestival，theSpringFestival，theLanternFestivalandsoon.Peopleprepare（2）（decorate）themwithflowers，lanternsandfancydecorations.Inmany（3）（place），peopleliketoset（4）fireworks.Tilltoday，someofthem（5）（hold）aroundthecountry，（6）（attract）countlessvisitorstoparticipateinthem.Thereareavarietyofactivitiesinthesefestivals（7）peopleholdlotsofcompetitionstoentertainthemselves.（8）（interesting），guessinglanternriddlesisanessentialpartofthefestival，whichisalsoanactivityfromancienttimesto（9）present.What'smore，celebratingwesternfestivals（10）（be）becomingacommonphenomenon（現(xiàn)象）aroundthecountry.五．單詞拼寫（共10小題）8．（2021秋?西崗區(qū)校級月考）Herd（殘疾）madetakingcareofthehomeandraisingafamilydifficult.（根據(jù)中英文提示填空）9．（2016秋?瓊山區(qū)校級期末）Mymumaskedmetotellyouthatyourhelpwashighly（感激）．10．（2017春?五華區(qū)校級月考）Lifewasdifficultforher，butshestomakeendsmeet．11．（2018春?鼓樓區(qū)校級期末）Therewasnoameansoftransport，soNikihadtocycledthirtymiles．12．（2010?陜西）Thelocalgovernmentis（討論）howtohelpthepoorinthecountryside．13．TheTrumpadministrationiU．S．CustomsandBorderProtectiontostopanyadultimmigrantswhocrossedtheborderillegallyandorderedimmediatearrest．14．（2022春?江海區(qū)校級月考）SinceIarrived，myfriendhasbroughtmetomyfirstopen﹣air.（根據(jù)句意填空）15．Toavoidsubsequenta，pleaseensurethattheL/Cstipulationsareprecise.16．（2024春?龍鳳區(qū)校級期末）I'msorrythatIcan'tmaketoyourpartythisweekend.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）17．（2024秋?朝陽區(qū)校級期中）Theyspentthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetherainforest.六．書面表達(dá)（共2小題）18．（2022春?永昌縣校級期中）假如你是李華，學(xué)校英語教研室就你所喜愛的英語選修課《英語電影欣賞》（EnglishFilmAppreciation）向同學(xué)們征集意見。請你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容用英文給英語教研室寫一封信，內(nèi)容主要包括：1.說明你對這門英語選修課的喜愛；2.贊賞該課的優(yōu)點；3.對該課的內(nèi)容或方式提出兩點建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearSirorMadam，________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua19．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。AcuriousthingbegantohappeninmyhometownofAustin，Texas.Iwasatwork，listeningtothestoriesofmypsychotherapy（心理治療）clients，buttheloudervoiceswouldbethoseofthesongbirdsoutsidetheofficewindow.HowhadInevernoticedthisbefore？Itwasdistractingaswellaspleasing.Myattentionwouldbepulledtosomeplaceoutsidethefamiliarwallsofmylife.ThebirdswereanicebreakandIhadtheideatostepaway.Myhusband，Philip，andIarebothpsychotherapistswhospentthepastdecadebuildingasuccessfulprivatepractice.It'schallengingtobringpersonalandprofessionallivestoastop.WehaveresponsibilitiestoJimmyandMarcie，oureight﹣year﹣oldtwins.Despiteourdesiretoliveasimplefamilylife，weweredrivenby"more，better，faster"inthepastdecade.Yet，Ididn'twantthisanymore.Wedecidedtotakeafamilygapyearabroadforayear，toexperiencecultures，languages，andfoodsoutofthecomfortzone.Inasmall，quietandwarmwoodenhouseintheTexascountry，webeganwritingoutourvisionandvaluesfortheyear.Themissionwasfairlysimple.Wewantedmoreslowtimeandmoretimeinnature.Wecommittedtoopeninguptowhatwasunknownandunexploredinthelifeofourfamilyandourselves.Me？WhatdidI，amiddle﹣agedwoman，wantoutofthis？IwantedtogainsomeinsightsintosomeunsettledfeelingsgrowingstrongerinsideofmeoverthepastyearthatIstruggledtounderstand.Theplanningtookaweekendaway.WewantedtorestandplayinThailandandChina.WewantedtopracticeourSpanish.WewantedtoengageinwhatwasdifferentandforeigninCostaRicaandMexicowithopenandcuriousminds.Wewantedtogettogethermoreandrelearnfromeachotherhowtofacetheworldwithfresheyes，creativityandwonder.注意：（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；（2）請按如下格式作答。Gettingourselvesready，wesetoutonourfamilygapyearjourney.______Attheendofthejourney，Iknewmyselfbetter.______

2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期杭州高一英語期末典型卷3參考答案與試題解析一．完形填空（共1小題）1．（2024春?吉安期末）VirginiaFinch，alocalresident，waspreparingThanksgivingmealsforthehomelesswithherdaughterwhensheheardaboutafamilylivingbehindagasstation.（1）Btodeliveramealtothem，Virginia（2）Aasightthatwoulddeeplymoveher.Behindthegasstation，VirginiafoundOliviaandEric，alongwiththeirthreeyoungdaughters，aged5years，14months，and4weeks.Thefamilyhadbeentravelingacrossthecountrywhentheir（3）Cbrokedown，leavingthemstranded（被滯留的）and（4）Doftheupcomingwinter.（5）A，Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck.Thefamilywasinavery（6）Dsituation，withlittlehopeforgifts，jobs，orevenenoughfood.Virginiaknewshehadtodomorethanjustprovidea（7）C.Determinedtohelp，Virginiadecidedtooffersomething（8）D.Virginiahadrecentlyrenovated（翻新）asecondhome，（9）Dtosellorrentit.（10）A，uponmeetingthisfamily，shechosetodosomethingremarkable.Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，（11）Dtheirlivescompletelyovernight."Ijustdidn'tthinkitwasreal，"Oliviaexpressed，surprisedbythe（12）B.Butitturnsoutthatitwasaveryreal（13）A.Virginia'sactofkindnessnotonlyprovidedthefamilywith（14）BandsafetybutalsogavethemabeautifulChristmas.Morethanthat，itrestoredtheir（15）Ainhumanity.（1）A．HesitatingB．DecidingC．PretendingD．Proving（2）A．ranacrossB．dreamedofC．backedupD．showedoff（3）A．tankB．marriageC．truckD．freedom（4）A．capableB．proudC．a(chǎn)shamedD．fearful（5）A．AfterallB．InsecretC．AtlastD．Inpublic（6）A．favorableB．nervousC．happyD．serious（7）A．linkB．guaranteeC．mealD．solution（8）A．similarB．professionalC．a(chǎn)bsoluteD．extraordinary（9）A．whisperingB．happeningC．learningD．intending（10）A．HoweverB．OtherwiseC．SometimesD．Meanwhile（11）A．investingB．creditingC．predictingD．changing（12）A．complexityB．generosityC．emergencyD．highlight（13）A．giftB．dangerC．messD．note（14）A．courageB．warmthC．educationD．reputation（15）A．faithB．sightC．paceD．function【考點】記敘文；人際交往．【答案】（1）﹣（5）BACDA（6）﹣（10）DCDDA（11）﹣（15）DBABA【分析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了弗吉妮婭的善行不僅給一個急需幫助的家庭帶來了溫暖和安全，也給了他們一個美好的圣誕節(jié)。更重要的是，它恢復(fù)了他們對人性的信心?！窘獯稹浚?）考查動詞及語境理解。A.Hesitating猶豫；B.Deciding決定；C.Pretending假裝；D.Proving證明。句意：弗吉妮婭決定給他們送一頓飯，她看到了一個令她深深感動的景象。根據(jù)上文"whensheheardaboutafamilylivingbehindagasstation."可知，弗吉妮婭決定給他們送一頓飯。故選B項。（2）考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.ranacross偶遇；B.dreamedof夢想；C.backedup支持；D.showedoff炫耀。句意：弗吉妮婭決定給他們送一頓飯，她看到了一個令她深深感動的景象。根據(jù)下文"sightthatwoulddeeplymoveher"可知，她看到了一個令她深深感動的景象。故選A項。（3）考查名詞及語境理解。A.tank坦克；B.marriage婚姻；C.truck卡車；D.freedom自由。句意：這家人在全國各地旅行時，他們的卡車壞了，他們被困在那里，害怕即將到來的冬天。根據(jù)下文"Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck"可知，這家人的卡車壞了。故選C項。（4）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.capable有能力的；B.proud自豪的；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.fearful害怕的。句意：這家人在全國各地旅行時，他們的卡車壞了，他們被困在那里，害怕即將到來的冬天。根據(jù)上文"leavingthemstranded（被滯留的）"以及下文"Coloradohascoldandsnowywinters"可知，他們被困在那里，害怕即將到來的冬天。故選D項。（5）考查介詞短語及語境理解。A.Afterall畢竟；B.Insecret秘密地；C.Atlast最后；D.Inpublic在公共場合。句意：畢竟，科羅拉多有寒冷多雪的冬天，在卡車?yán)锖茈y面對。根據(jù)下文"Coloradohascoldandsnowywintersthatwouldbedifficulttofaceinatruck."可知，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。畢竟，科羅拉多有寒冷多雪的冬天，在卡車?yán)锖茈y面對。故選A項。（6）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.favorable有利的；B.nervous緊張的；C.happy快樂的；D.serious嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的。句意：這個家庭的情況非常嚴(yán)重，沒有希望得到禮物、工作，甚至沒有足夠的食物。根據(jù)下文"withlittlehopeforgifts，jobs，orevenenoughfood."可知，家庭狀況非常嚴(yán)重、糟糕。故選D項。（7）考查名詞及語境理解。A.link聯(lián)系；B.guarantee保證；C.meal飯；D.solution解決措施。句意：弗吉妮婭知道她要做的不僅僅是提供一頓飯。根據(jù)下文"deliverameal"可知，弗吉妮婭要幫助他們更多，而不僅僅是一頓飯。故選C項。（8）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.similar相似的；B.professional專業(yè)的；C.absolute完全的；D.extraordinary非凡的，特別的。句意：弗吉妮婭決心提供幫助，決定提供一些特別的東西。根據(jù)下文"shechosetodosomethingremarkable"可知，弗吉尼亞決定提供一些特別的東西。故選D項。（9）考查動詞及語境理解。A.whispering低聲說；B.happening發(fā)生；C.learning學(xué)習(xí)；D.intending打算。句意：弗吉妮婭最近裝修了第二套房子，打算出售或出租。根據(jù)上文"Virginiahadrecentlyrenovated（翻新）asecondhome...tosellorrentit"可知，裝修了第二套房子的目的是打算出售或者出租。故選D項。（10）考查副詞及語境理解。A.However然而；B.Otherwise否則；C.Sometimes有時；D.Meanwhile與此同時。句意：然而，在見到這個家庭后，她選擇了做一件非凡的事情。根據(jù)下文"uponmeetingthisfamily，shechosetodosomethingremarkable"可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項。（11）考查動詞及語境理解。A.investing投資；B.crediting把（錢）記入總賬；C.predicting預(yù)測；D.changing改變。句意：她提供免租金的房子讓這家人居住，甚至還布置了全套家具，一夜之間徹底改變了他們的生活。根據(jù)上文"Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully"可知，這家人沒有經(jīng)濟(jì)來源，沒有住房，所以免租金的房子改變了他們的生活。故選D項。（12）考查名詞及語境理解。A.complexity復(fù)雜；B.generosity慷慨；C.emergency緊急；D.highlight最好（或最精彩、最激動人心）的部分。句意：我只是不認(rèn)為這是真的，"奧利維亞說，對這種慷慨感到驚訝。根據(jù)上文"Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，"可知，這是慷慨的行為。故選B項。（13）考查名詞及語境理解。A.gift禮物；B.danger危險；C.mess骯臟；D.note筆記。句意：但事實證明，這是一個非常真實的禮物。根據(jù)上文"Shegavethefamilythehome，rent﹣free，andevenfurnisheditfully，"可知，這對處于困境的家庭來說，是一個非常好的禮物。故選A項。（14）考查名詞及語境理解。A.courage勇氣；B.warmth溫暖；C.education教育；D.reputation名譽(yù)。句意：弗吉妮婭的善舉不僅給這個家庭帶來了溫暖和安全，也給了他們一個美好的圣誕節(jié)。根據(jù)上文"Virginia'sactofkindness"以及"safety"可知，維吉尼亞的善舉給這個家庭帶來了溫暖。故選B項。（15）考查名詞及語境理解。A.faith信仰，信心；B.sight視力，視覺；C.pace步速；D.function功能。句意：更重要的是，它恢復(fù)了他們對人性的信心。根據(jù)上文"andsafetybutalsogavethemabeautifulChristmas.Morethanthat，itrestoredtheir"可知，在困難時，得到了別人的幫助，這是人性的表現(xiàn)，也恢復(fù)了他們對人性的信心。故選A項?！军c評】完形填空題的解題步驟：1.通讀全文，理解大意。重視首句信息，跳過空格，瀏覽全文，從整體上感知全文，理解文章大意，這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。2.瞻前顧后，避難就易。在理解文章大意的情況下，結(jié)合各選項的意義和用法，遵循先易后難的原則，先解決那些自己有把握的問題。對少數(shù)難題，暫時跳過，或許在上文中難以判斷的題在下文中就有暗示或者明顯的提示，或許一個在前面不能解答的題在填出了另一空后會令你豁然開朗。3.復(fù)讀全文，解決殘敵。借助已經(jīng)補(bǔ)全的空格，對全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解決所遺留的少數(shù)疑難問題。4.再次復(fù)讀，彌補(bǔ)疏漏，全部做好后，務(wù)必要結(jié)合自己選擇的答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容，確保全文文意連貫。二．閱讀理解（共4小題）2．（2024春?豐臺區(qū)期末）StudentVolunteerInternships2023﹣2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships（實習(xí)）areavailableinWashington，D.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's（EPA）OfficeofWater.Youmustbeafull﹣timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfeldsofstudyareencouragedtoapply，includingdegreecandidatesinthefollowingsubjects：?Hydrology，aquaticbiology，marinescience，environmentalengineering，geology，meteorology，soilscience，etc?Publichealth，toxicology，sanitation，environmentaljustice，etc?Publicadministration，finance，management，communications，etcCandidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater﹣healthorpublic﹣healthrelatedfield，includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical，writtenandoralskills，theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam，andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull﹣time（40hoursperweek）orpart﹣time（20hoursperweek）schedule.Participantswillnotbepaid，butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeEPAemployeesduringtheirstay.Applicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis；however，mostprojectswillariseforinternshipopportunitiesduringtheSummerSemester.Pleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.Werecognizethattimeframesmayvaryduetoclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasnecessary.Thegeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows：SummerSemester（lateMaythroughlateAugust）FallSemester（SeptemberthroughDecember）SpringSemester（JanuarythroughApril）Toapply，emailaresume，coverletter，andashortwritingsample（maximum5pages）to：braschayko.kelley@.（1）Accordingtothepassage，applicantsarerequiredtoC.A.befull﹣timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorinapublic﹣healthrelatedfield（2）WhatwillEPAprovideforthevolunteerinterns？AA.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities.（3）Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplyfortheinternship？DA.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.C.Workinateamfor12weeks.D.Offerashortwritingsample.【考點】應(yīng)用文；學(xué)習(xí)．【專題】閱讀理解．【答案】CAD【分析】美國環(huán)保署水資源辦公室提供2023﹣2024學(xué)年的學(xué)生志愿者實習(xí)機(jī)會，地點在華盛頓特區(qū)。招募對象為全日制本科生或研究生，鼓勵多學(xué)科背景學(xué)生申請，包括環(huán)境科學(xué)、公共衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域。實習(xí)生需具備分析、寫作和口頭表達(dá)能力，能獨立及團(tuán)隊合作，有主動精神。實習(xí)期至少12周，可全職或兼職，無薪但可申請交通補(bǔ)助。申請全年開放，以滾動方式接受，主要實習(xí)時段為夏季學(xué)期，需提前至少兩個月提交申請?！窘獯稹浚?）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical，writtenandoralskills，theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam，andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.（所要求的素質(zhì)包括較強(qiáng)的分析、書面和口頭表達(dá)能力，獨立工作和團(tuán)隊合作的能力，以及積極主動的強(qiáng)烈愿望。）可知根據(jù)文章，申請人被要求有團(tuán)隊合作能力。故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Participantswillnotbepaid，butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.（參加者將不會獲得報酬，但有資格申請交通費。）可知EPA將為志愿者實習(xí)生提供交通方面的財政支持。故選A。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Toapply，emailaresume，coverletter，andashortwritingsample（maximum5pages）to：braschayko.kelley@.（申請時，請將簡歷、求職信和一份簡短的寫作樣本（最多5頁）發(fā)送至：braschayko.kelley@epa.gov.）可知申請實習(xí)需要做提供一