第19講 閱讀理解+七選五（基礎(chǔ)篇）-2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（新教材新高考）（測(cè)試）含答案及解析

綜合測(cè)試（基礎(chǔ)篇）閱讀理解+七選五時(shí)間：40分鐘滿分：50分姓名__________得分________閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)(每題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列文章，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AALookatFouroftheWorld-famousCollegesUniversityCollegeLondon,England.UnitedKingdomThisuniversitywasfoundedwiththeintentofopeningeducationequallyandtoall.In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.ThecollegewasthefirstintheUnitedKingdomtoacceptstudentsfromanyclassorreligion.Tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))foreachstudentcomesinat$31,000.Thispricedoesincludefeesforhousing,food,travelexpensesandinsurance.UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,AustraliaItopenedin1853andisknownforitsoutstandingresearchandteachingprograms.Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蝸),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.Parentsofnativestudentsexpecttopay$24,500forthefirstterm’stuitionandanother$19,500forroomandboardinresidentialhousing.UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdomRecordsoftheuniversityreachbackto1209whentheareawasanancientRomantradingpost,makingitthesecondoldestuniversityintheUK.Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.Tuitionforthebachelorprogramslikeengineeringreaches$31,000.SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStatesItisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.Theteacher/studentratio(比例)andpersonalizedcoursesofstudyattractstudentsfromtheUnitedStatesandabroad.Undergraduatescarrying30creditswillpay$51,196fortuition.ThecosttoattendSarahLawrencemayseemprohibitivetomany,butadegreefromthishonouredcollegecanopenmanydoorsforgraduates.1．WhendidUniversityCollegeLondonstarttoadmitwomenonequaltermswithmen?A．In1209. B．In1853. C．In1878. D．In1887.2．Whichcollegedevelopedadevicetobenefitpeoplewithhearingloss?A．UniversityofMelbourne. B．SarahLawrenceCollege.C．UniversityofCambridge. D．UniversityCollegeLondon.3．Whatdothelasttwocollegeshaveincommon?A．Theyjustofferthebachelorprograms. B．Theyfeaturethehighestcostofboard.C．TheyarelocatedintheUnitedKingdom. D．Theyarefavouredbyinternationalstudents.BJimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.“ThereasonIwastired,”Jimsays,“wasthatmykidneys(腎臟)weregone.”Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threedaysaweek.Apersonofhisageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.Jim’swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren’tamatch.JimwassodiscouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies(鐵哥們).Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenin50years:DougCoffman.ThetwohadmetwhentheybothwerelearningVietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn’tseensomeofthemindecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmostsoldiersneverexperience.Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealednotonlythatDoug’stissuetypematchedJim’sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess.“It’sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutofoneperson’sbody—alivingorgan—putitinanotherperson’sbody,andhaveitwork,”Dougsays.“Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”4．FromthistextweknowthatKidneytransplantis________.A．Expensive B．dangerous C．a(chǎn)matterofluck D．a(chǎn)nunwisechoice5．HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?A．About17. B．About19. C．About22. D．About25.6．WhatcanweinferfromDoug’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim. B．JimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.C．Thekidneytransplantisverysuccessful. D．Modernmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.7．Whatisthethemeofthistext?A．Goodluck. B．Anoperation. C．Payingitforward. D．Goodrelationship.CWhatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.8．RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful9．Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.11．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?DScientistsandengineersarepreparingforpossibletravelintointerstellar(星際的)space,theareainbetweenstars,inthedistantfuture.Anewreportexaminesthepossibleproblemofchangesinlanguageonlongspacetrips.TwoAmericanresearchershaveexploredonepossibleproblemwithsuchtravel.TheyconsideredthepossibilitythatchangesinhumanlanguagecoulddevelopovertimeandleadtomajorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth.ThelanguageexpertsareprofessorsAndrewMcKenziefromtheUniversityofKansas,andJeffreyPunskeofSouthernIllinoisUniversity.Thetworecentlypublishedapaper,whichconsidersverylongtripsnecessarytoreachinterstellarspace,estimatedtobeabout18billionkilometersfromEarth.Italsoexaminesthepossibilityoffuturecolonization(殖民地的開(kāi)拓)ofdistantstars.Languagesnaturallychangeascommunitiesgrowmoreisolatedfromeachother,theresearchersnoteinthepaper.Thelongisolationofacommunitycouldleadtoenoughdifferencesinlanguagetomakeitimpossibleforcommunitymembersbackhometounderstand.“Ifyou’reonthisspaceshipfor10generations,newconceptsandsocialissueswillemerge,andpeoplewillcreatewaysoftalkingaboutthem,”McKenziesaidinastatement.Suchvocabularywouldbecomespecifictoonlythatspaceship.“PeopleonEarthmightneverknowaboutthesewords,unlessthere’sareasontotellthem.Andthefurtherawayyouget,thelessyou’regoingtotalktopeoplebackhome,”McKenziesaid.Theresearchersnotedthatinadditiontonewwordsbeingused,thelanguageofpeopletravelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonieswouldexperiencemanyotherchanges.Forexample,thesoundsofdifferentletterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affectingnotonlyindividualwords,butthewhole“grammaticalsystem”,thepaperstates.Majorchangesinwordandsentencestructurecouldalsocreatesystematiclanguagebarriersovertime,theresearcherssaid.“Givenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones,”McKenziesaid.12．Whatisthepossibleresultoflongspacetravelaccordingtotheresearch?A．Itmaybringaboutmanylanguagebarriers. B．Peoplemaysufferfrommentalproblems.C．Itmaychangepeople’slivingenvironment. D．PeoplecouldcommunicatemoreeasilyonEarth.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“isolation”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Connection. B．Distribution. C．Loneliness. D．Separation.14．Whatcanweinferaboutthelanguageusedonspaceshipsfromparagraph4?A．Itwillformitsownlanguagesystem. B．Itwillreplacethecurrentlanguagesoon.C．ItcanbeunderstoodbypeopleonEarth. D．Itcanbeusedtocommunicatewithaliens.15．WhydoestheauthormentionMcKenzieinthelastparagraph?A．Topresentthewaytocreatenewlanguages.B．Toexplainthereasonforlanguageproblems.C．Tostresstheinevitabletrendoflanguagechanging.D．Toshowtheimportanceofnewgrammaticalsystems.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)Worriedabouttheclimate?16.Herearesomeexamplestogetyoustarted.?CountthebirdsandthebeesGetclosertonaturebybecomingacitizenscientist.Youcouldbecountingbirdsinyourgarden,butterflies,insectsandflowers,orevenreptilesandhedgehogs.17.It’safungroupactivity,andyourdatacanhelpscientistsbetterunderstandtheimpactofhumanbehaviouronnaturalhabitats.?18Mediaheadlinescanbealarmingwhenitcomestotheclimateandnaturecrisisorignoringtheissuescompletely.Hostingalocaldiscussioncanallowspaceforreflection,debate,ideasandcollaboration(合作)totakeactiononglobalissuesatalocallevel.?SetupalibraryofthingsInternetshoppinghasmadeittooeasytobuynewstuffattheclickofabutton.19?First,it’llclutter(凌亂地塞滿)yourhouse，thenit’llcluttertheplanet.Settingupalibraryofthingscanencouragelocalpeopletoshareeverythingfromtoolstoinstruments,cookinggadgetstotoys.?Startaclimateemergencycentre20.That’swhymoreandmoreclimateemergencycentresarepoppingupinderelict(廢棄地)shopsonhighstreetsandinshoppingcentres.Aclimateemergencycentrecanbeaspaceforeventssuchasanexhibitiononplasticwasteoraworkshoptolearnhowtomakeeco-cleaningproducts.Itcanalsobeawaytomotivatemorepeopletotakeaction.A．CooperatewithyourlocalsB．ButwhereisitallgoingtoendupC．HostaclimateandnaturediscussionD．ButhowhaveweconsumedthethingsE．Theclimateandnaturecrisisisn’tgoingawayF．TherearelotsofcitizenscienceprojectstotakepartinG．Smalllocalactionswithneighbors,localbusinessesandpoliticianscanmakeadifference

綜合測(cè)試（基礎(chǔ)篇）閱讀理解+七選五時(shí)間：40分鐘滿分：50分姓名__________得分________閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)(每題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列文章，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AALookatFouroftheWorld-famousCollegesUniversityCollegeLondon,England.UnitedKingdomThisuniversitywasfoundedwiththeintentofopeningeducationequallyandtoall.In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.ThecollegewasthefirstintheUnitedKingdomtoacceptstudentsfromanyclassorreligion.Tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))foreachstudentcomesinat$31,000.Thispricedoesincludefeesforhousing,food,travelexpensesandinsurance.UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,AustraliaItopenedin1853andisknownforitsoutstandingresearchandteachingprograms.Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蝸),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.Parentsofnativestudentsexpecttopay$24,500forthefirstterm’stuitionandanother$19,500forroomandboardinresidentialhousing.UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdomRecordsoftheuniversityreachbackto1209whentheareawasanancientRomantradingpost,makingitthesecondoldestuniversityintheUK.Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.Tuitionforthebachelorprogramslikeengineeringreaches$31,000.SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStatesItisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.Theteacher/studentratio(比例)andpersonalizedcoursesofstudyattractstudentsfromtheUnitedStatesandabroad.Undergraduatescarrying30creditswillpay$51,196fortuition.ThecosttoattendSarahLawrencemayseemprohibitivetomany,butadegreefromthishonouredcollegecanopenmanydoorsforgraduates.1．WhendidUniversityCollegeLondonstarttoadmitwomenonequaltermswithmen?A．In1209. B．In1853. C．In1878. D．In1887.2．Whichcollegedevelopedadevicetobenefitpeoplewithhearingloss?A．UniversityofMelbourne. B．SarahLawrenceCollege.C．UniversityofCambridge. D．UniversityCollegeLondon.3．Whatdothelasttwocollegeshaveincommon?A．Theyjustofferthebachelorprograms. B．Theyfeaturethehighestcostofboard.C．TheyarelocatedintheUnitedKingdom. D．Theyarefavouredbyinternationalstudents.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四所世界名校。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UniversityCollegeLondon,England,UnitedKingdom標(biāo)題下“In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.”（自1878年開(kāi)始，倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院按照同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)招收女學(xué)生。）可知，倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院按照同等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)招收女學(xué)生是自1878年開(kāi)始。故選C項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,Australia標(biāo)題下“Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蝸),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.”（20世紀(jì)70年代，該大學(xué)的研究開(kāi)發(fā)了一種人工耳蝸，為全球20多萬(wàn)患者提供了聽(tīng)力。）可知，20世紀(jì)70年代，墨爾本大學(xué)研發(fā)出人工耳蝸，造福全世界20多萬(wàn)聽(tīng)障人士。故選A項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdom標(biāo)題下“Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.”（劍橋大學(xué)目前有21000名學(xué)生，其中約1300人來(lái)自65個(gè)不同的國(guó)家。）及SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStates標(biāo)題下“Itisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.”（它以來(lái)自53個(gè)不同國(guó)家的多樣化學(xué)生群體而聞名。）可知，劍橋大學(xué)和莎拉·勞倫斯學(xué)院都深受?chē)?guó)際生青睞。故選D項(xiàng)。BJimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.“ThereasonIwastired,”Jimsays,“wasthatmykidneys(腎臟)weregone.”Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threedaysaweek.Apersonofhisageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.Jim’swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren’tamatch.JimwassodiscouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies(鐵哥們).Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenin50years:DougCoffman.ThetwohadmetwhentheybothwerelearningVietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn’tseensomeofthemindecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmostsoldiersneverexperience.Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealednotonlythatDoug’stissuetypematchedJim’sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess.“It’sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutofoneperson’sbody—alivingorgan—putitinanotherperson’sbody,andhaveitwork,”Dougsays.“Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”4．FromthistextweknowthatKidneytransplantis________.A．Expensive B．dangerous C．a(chǎn)matterofluck D．a(chǎn)nunwisechoice5．HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?A．About17. B．About19. C．About22. D．About25.6．WhatcanweinferfromDoug’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim. B．JimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.C．Thekidneytransplantisverysuccessful. D．Modernmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.7．Whatisthethemeofthistext?A．Goodluck. B．Anoperation. C．Payingitforward. D．Goodrelationship.【答案】4．C5．B6．A7．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。講述了Jim多年不見(jiàn)的老朋友Doug為其捐腎的感人故事。4．推理判斷題。由第二段中的第三句“Transplantsarelong-shotalternative.(移植是一個(gè)希望渺茫的選擇。)”以及最后一句“TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.(美國(guó)國(guó)家腎臟基金會(huì)估計(jì)，每天有13人在等待合適的血液和組織類(lèi)型的捐贈(zèng)者時(shí)死亡。)”可知，腎移植是一個(gè)希望渺茫的替代方案。美國(guó)腎臟基金會(huì)估計(jì)每天都有13人在等待一個(gè)有合適的血型和器官組織類(lèi)型的捐贈(zèng)者的時(shí)候死去。由此可見(jiàn)，腎移植要靠機(jī)會(huì)和運(yùn)氣。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句中“Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threetimesaweek.(現(xiàn)年69歲的Jim曾是一名空軍飛行員，他立即開(kāi)始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenfornearly50years:DougCoffman.(但他的妻子鼓勵(lì)他與老朋友團(tuán)聚，其中有一位他已近50年未見(jiàn)的朋友:道格·科夫曼(DougCoffman)。)”可知，Jim，69歲，一位前空軍飛行員，立即開(kāi)始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓勵(lì)他去和他的老朋友們重新團(tuán)聚，在他們之中，有一個(gè)是他幾乎59年沒(méi)見(jiàn)的人：DougCoffman。由此可知，Jim出國(guó)參戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候是69-50=19歲，他當(dāng)時(shí)大約19歲。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句““Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”(“沒(méi)有什么比知道我?guī)椭肆硪粋€(gè)人過(guò)上更好的生活更美好的了?！?”可知，能為Jim捐腎，Doug感到很高興。故選項(xiàng)A正確。7．推理判斷題。由第五段中的第一句“Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwastimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim(Doug在遇到困難的時(shí)候得到了朋友們的幫助，所以他覺(jué)得是時(shí)候把腎捐給Jim了)”可知，Doug曾在他困難的時(shí)候收到了他朋友的幫助，所以他覺(jué)得這是他通過(guò)捐腎給Jim把愛(ài)傳遞。由此可見(jiàn)，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是為了把愛(ài)傳遞下去。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。CWhatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混亂的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行線)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.8．RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful9．Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.11．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了ALife是否也在不斷地進(jìn)化的問(wèn)題。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.(盡管許多ALifer討厭強(qiáng)調(diào)他們研究的應(yīng)用，但創(chuàng)造人工生命的嘗試可能會(huì)有實(shí)際的回報(bào))”可知，作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造人工生命的嘗試是會(huì)有回報(bào)的；再結(jié)合第二段“Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”(到目前為止，還沒(méi)有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。這一記錄使生命科學(xué)成為批評(píng)的成熟目標(biāo)，比如對(duì)該領(lǐng)域可疑科學(xué)價(jià)值的聲明。復(fù)雜性科學(xué)家艾倫?史密斯厭倦了這樣的抱怨。他說(shuō)，詢(xún)問(wèn)ALife的“意義”可能完全沒(méi)有抓住要點(diǎn)?！耙粋€(gè)生命系統(tǒng)的存在與任何東西的使用無(wú)關(guān)?！盇lan說(shuō)?！坝腥藛?wèn)我，‘那么人工生命的價(jià)值是什么？’你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)，‘你祖母的價(jià)值是多少？’”)”可推知，因?yàn)檫€沒(méi)有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才導(dǎo)致使生命科學(xué)成為批評(píng)（認(rèn)為其沒(méi)有科學(xué)價(jià)值）的成熟目標(biāo)，作者認(rèn)為這是不合理的，所以后文引用了AlanSmith的話語(yǔ)對(duì)這種觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行反駁，即關(guān)于AlanSmith對(duì)ALife的辯護(hù)，作者表示支持。故選A。9．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).(人工智能可能被認(rèn)為是ALife的表親，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究人員都被一個(gè)叫做開(kāi)放進(jìn)化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被認(rèn)為是ALife的表親，說(shuō)明人工智能和ALife二者間有共同之處，可推測(cè)是因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究人員都被一個(gè)叫做開(kāi)放進(jìn)化的概念所吸引，所以才有了這種觀點(diǎn)。故劃線詞意為“吸引”。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).(人工智能可能被認(rèn)為是ALife的表親，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究人員都被一個(gè)叫做開(kāi)放進(jìn)化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.(它們可能普遍適用于所有進(jìn)化行為。最終，ALife可能沒(méi)有什么特別的。但即使是這種否定也表明了一些事情：也許，就像整個(gè)宇宙中的生命本身一樣，ALife的崛起將被證明是不可避免的)”結(jié)合文章主要探討了ALife是否也在不斷地進(jìn)化。D選項(xiàng)“生命在進(jìn)化。創(chuàng)造ALife的嘗試也能進(jìn)化嗎？”是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選D。DScientistsandengineersarepreparingforpossibletravelintointerstellar(星際的)space,theareainbetweenstars,inthedistantfuture.Anewreportexaminesthepossibleproblemofchangesinlanguageonlongspacetrips.TwoAmericanresearchershaveexploredonepossibleproblemwithsuchtravel.TheyconsideredthepossibilitythatchangesinhumanlanguagecoulddevelopovertimeandleadtomajorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth.ThelanguageexpertsareprofessorsAndrewMcKenziefromtheUniversityofKansas,andJeffreyPunskeofSouthernIllinoisUniversity.Thetworecentlypublishedapaper,whichconsidersverylongtripsnecessarytoreachinterstellarspace,estimatedtobeabout18billionkilometersfromEarth.Italsoexaminesthepossibilityoffuturecolonization(殖民地的開(kāi)拓)ofdistantstars.Languagesnaturallychangeascommunitiesgrowmoreisolatedfromeachother,theresearchersnoteinthepaper.Thelongisolationofacommunitycouldleadtoenoughdifferencesinlanguagetomakeitimpossibleforcommunitymembersbackhometounderstand.“Ifyou’reonthisspaceshipfor10generations,newconceptsandsocialissueswillemerge,andpeoplewillcreatewaysoftalkingaboutthem,”McKenziesaidinastatement.Suchvocabularywouldbecomespecifictoonlythatspaceship.“PeopleonEarthmightneverknowaboutthesewords,unlessthere’sareasontotellthem.Andthefurtherawayyouget,thelessyou’regoingtotalktopeoplebackhome,”McKenziesaid.Theresearchersnotedthatinadditiontonewwordsbeingused,thelanguageofpeopletravelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonieswouldexperiencemanyotherchanges.Forexample,thesoundsofdifferentletterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affectingnotonlyindividualwords,butthewhole“grammaticalsystem”,thepaperstates.Majorchangesinwordandsentencestructurecouldalsocreatesystematiclanguagebarriersovertime,theresearcherssaid.“Givenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones,”McKenziesaid.12．Whatisthepossibleresultoflongspacetravelaccordingtotheresearch?A．Itmaybringaboutmanylanguagebarriers. B．Peoplemaysufferfrommentalproblems.C．Itmaychangepeople’slivingenvironment. D．PeoplecouldcommunicatemoreeasilyonEarth.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“isolation”i