全國(guó)統(tǒng)考2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2編語(yǔ)法突破專題十一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣學(xué)案含解析

PAGE專題十一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.(2024·天津高考，14)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.答案：wouldhaveaccomplished此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句中用wouldhavedonesth.表示“原來(lái)能夠做某事”。2．(2024·江蘇高考，31)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe________(have)agoodtimetogether.答案：wouldhavehad句意：真缺憾！你錯(cuò)過(guò)了觀光，否則我們?cè)谝黄饡?huì)玩得很快樂(lè)。依據(jù)Whatapity!Youmissed...以及or(否則)可知，此處是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故用wouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu)。留意該句中的or代替if條件句表示含蓄的條件。3．(2024·北京高考，12)Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdata________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.答案：can句意：在當(dāng)今信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)流失可能給公司導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題。can表示可能性。4．(2024·天津高考，10)Ican'tfindmypurse.I________(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.答案：may/mighthaveleft句意：我找不到我的錢包了。昨天我可能把它落在超市了，但我不確定。依據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“yesterday”可知，此處是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的推想，需用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”；再依據(jù)句中的“butI'mnotsure”可知，此處應(yīng)用may/mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情不太確定的推想。5．(2024·北京高考，13)They________(find)abetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.答案：mighthavefound句意：假如再往前開幾公里，他們可能會(huì)找到更好的旅館。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句中用mighthavedone。6．(2024·江蘇高考，24)It'sstrangethathe________havetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.答案：should句意：真驚奇，他竟然未經(jīng)主子允許就把書拿走了?！皊hould＋完成時(shí)”用來(lái)對(duì)“過(guò)去發(fā)生的狀況”表示驚異、意外等心情，意為“竟然”。7．(2024·天津高考，15)—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I________(be)abletoreachheryesterday.答案：wouldn'thavebeen此處otherwise(否則)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含蓄條件狀語(yǔ)從句，由yesterday可知，本句表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬，此處表述“不然我昨天就聯(lián)系不上她了”。由此可以推斷主句用wouldn'thavedone。8．(2024·天津高考，2)Myroomisamess,butI________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.答案：needn't由but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，房間雖然很亂，但是“不須要/沒(méi)必要”打掃。9．(2024·北京高考，21)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,________easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.答案：can由句意可知表示實(shí)力，用can。10．(2024·北京高考，34)Ifthenewsafetysystem________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.答案：hadbeenput表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的虛擬，if從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；system與put之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法二need和dare的用法三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式用法形式用法例句musthavedone對(duì)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作的確定推想。表示確定做過(guò)某事Heisn'there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.can't/couldn'thavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的否定推想Joecan'thaveleft.Isawhimjustnow.may/mighthavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的不太確定的推想。用于確定句、否定句，但不用于疑問(wèn)句。表示“可能”。mighthavedone也用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作YoumighthavelistenedtomewhileIwastalkingtoyou.needn'thavedone表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有必要做，但事實(shí)上做了Youneedn'thavewakenmeupsoearly.It'sSundaytoday.oughtto/shouldhavedone表示過(guò)去本應(yīng)當(dāng)……，而事實(shí)上并未做Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.wouldhavedone表示本應(yīng)當(dāng)……，而未……Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.couldhavedone表示原來(lái)可以做，但是沒(méi)有做YoucouldhavestayedwithBabara.虛擬語(yǔ)氣一虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件從句中的用法續(xù)表二虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中的用法Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·廣東省試驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第一次月考)You________(tell)meaboutitearlier.IfIhadknownthetruth,Iwouldhavehelpedherout.答案：should/oughttohavetold句意：你本應(yīng)當(dāng)早點(diǎn)告知我的。假如我知道真相，我會(huì)幫助她走出逆境的。過(guò)去本應(yīng)做某事而沒(méi)做，要用should/oughttohavedone。2．Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishI________(dance)withher.答案：dancedwish后跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中須要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，從句中用所給動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀況的虛擬。3．Irecommendthatyou________(try)Baihe.答案：(should)tryrecommend,suggest,request,command等表示建議、吩咐的詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。4．You________beCarol.Youhaven'tchangedabitafteralltheseyears.答案：must句意：你確定是卡羅。你這么多年來(lái)一點(diǎn)改變都沒(méi)有。must“確定”，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀況的確定推想，符合句意。5．—Didyouenjoyyourtrip?—Yes.Butforyouradvice,we________(notenjoy)ourstayinLondonhalfasmuch.答案：wouldn'thaveenjoyedbutfor“要不是……”，常表示對(duì)過(guò)去狀況的虛擬，此時(shí)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用wouldhavedone。6．(2024·河北省衡水中學(xué)全國(guó)高三第一次聯(lián)合考試)Hewould________(like)torepresenthiscountryinthe1984WinterOlympics,buttherewerealargenumberofdownhillcompetitors,andEdwardsdidn'tqualify.答案：haveliked句意：他本想代表他的國(guó)家參與1984年的冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)，但有大量的速降選手，愛德華茲沒(méi)有獲得參賽資格。依據(jù)本句后面的“Edwardsdidn'tqualify”可知，愛德華茲沒(méi)有勝利獲得參賽資格，故用“would＋have＋done”虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意思是“原來(lái)會(huì)做”。7．Why________hehaveaskedyousuchaquestion?答案：shouldshould可用在從句或者主句中，帶有感情色調(diào)，意為“竟然”。句意：他怎么竟然會(huì)問(wèn)你這樣的問(wèn)題？8．I________haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.答案：needn'tneedn'thavedone...表示“本不必做某事卻做了”。9．She________nothaveheardyouwhenyougreetedher.答案：may/might此處表述“可能沒(méi)有”且是對(duì)過(guò)去情形的假設(shè)，故填may/might。10．Ifwe________(take)anotherroad,wewouldn'thavebeenstuckinthetrafficjamforsolong.答案：hadtaken表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Hecommandedthatallthegatesshutwhenitwasgettingdarkincasethievescamein.________________________________________________________________答案：shut前加(should)becommand“吩咐，要求”，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“shoulddosth.”，其中should可以省略。此處gates與shut構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2．Hewalkedinasifheboughttheschool,andthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.________________________________________________________________答案：bought前加had由句意可知asif引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。3．(2024·貴州省遵義航天高級(jí)中學(xué)高三一模)WhatIwanttoemphasizeisthatnoonemustsucceedwithouthardworkandconcentration.________________________________________________________________答案：must→can句意：我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是不努力學(xué)習(xí)和用心致志，任何人都不會(huì)勝利的。can表示能夠，must“必需”。依據(jù)句意，應(yīng)把must改為can。4．IwouldratheryouvisittheBeihaiParkwithustomorrow.It'soneoftheoldestandmostauthenticallypreservedimperialgardensin________________________________________________________________答案：visit→visitedwouldrather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5．(2024·南京市高三學(xué)情調(diào)研考試)MrWil